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Slide 1
Mr. Ermer U.S. History Miami Beach Senior High The Nixon Years:
A Crisis of Authority
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The Youth Culture Liberation The New Left Students for a
Democratic Society (SDS) University of California at Berkeley The
Free Speech Movement Peoples Park The Counterculture Hippies &
Haight-Ashbury Communal Living Rejection of traditional values
Drugs & Free Sex Rock & Roll The Beatles
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Mobilization of Minorities Native Americans Eisenhowers
Termination Federal government attempts to move Native Americans
into mainstream Tribes deprived of legal status, remanded to the
state governments, ended in 1958 Indian Civil Rights
Movement/American Indian Movement (AIM) Declaration of Indian
Purpose fights anti-Native prejudice Indian Civil Rights Act of
1968 United States v. Wheeler (1978) calls termination
unconstitutional Occupation movements Latino Activism Flood of new
immigrants from Latin America after WWII Chicano Activism and La
Raza Unida Cesar Chavez and migrant workers rights
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Feminism 1960s-70s: Feminism emerges as powerful force in
American society Kennedys Presidents Commission on the Status of
Women Equal Pay Act Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 1963:
Betty Friedans The Feminine Mystique National Organization for
Women (NOW) 1972: Congress approves Equal Rights Amendment to
Constitution Is not ratified by the states, backlash against
feminism 1973: Roe v. Wade decision invalidates all laws
prohibiting early term abortions Based on the newly established
right to privacy resulting from Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
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Nixonian Foreign Policy National Security Advisor Henry
Kissinger dominates foreign policy of Nixon Administration Belief
in a multi-polar world, new international order 1969: Nixon meets
Soviet leaders in Helsinki, Finland for talks Strategic Arms
Limitation Treaty (SALT I) 1972: Nixon visits China and opens
Chinese to trade Helps Communist Chinas government enter United
Nations Nixon Doctrine Defend allies in Third World, aid
development, but leave basic responsibility of the future of those
friends to nations themselves Six-Day War (1967) Israel vs. Egypt,
Syria, JordanIsrael gains new territories Palestinian refugee count
increases in Jordan and Lebanon Yom Kippur War (1973) Arab Oil
Embargo of 1973 United States presses Israel to accept ceasefire in
order to keep Arab allies
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The Nixon Years at Home Defends the interests of the Silent
Majority Reduce federal interference in local affairs Slowed the
pace of school integration by bussing Attempt to dismantle Great
Society & New Frontier legislation Abolishes Office of Economic
Opportunity Attempt to replace welfare system with Family
Assistance Plan Does not pass the Senate, welfare reform tabled
Election of 1972 Nixon vs. George McGovern (ultra-liberal democrat)
Nixon wins in landslide
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Nixon and the Supreme Court Warren Court of 1950s and 60s seen
as too liberal Roth v. United States (1957): limits states ability
to ban pornography Engle v. Vitale (1962): School prayer violates
First Amendment Gideon v. Wainwright (1963): right to a trial
attorney Escobedo v. Illinois (1964): right to an attorney before
questioning Miranda v. Arizona (1966): authorities must inform
suspects of his rights Baker v. Carr (1962): Apportioning of voting
districts to ensure equality Chief Justice Earl Warren retires in
1969, Nixon appoints conservative federal judge Warren Burger
Another justice spot opens, Senate rejects two conservative
nominations Nixon nominates Harry Blackmun, a moderate Nixon also
appoints two more justices, Lewis Powell and William Rehnquist
Burger Court not as conservative as Nixon hoped Swann v.
Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Eduacation (1971): forced bussing
Furman v. Georgia (1972): strict test for capital punishment law
Roe v. Wade (1973) More moderate decisions include Milliken v.
Bradley (1974) and Bakke v. Board of Regents of California
(1978)
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Nixon & the Economy Funding 1960s social programs and
Vietnam without raising taxes brings increased deficit
spendingleads to inflation Dollar begins to lose value relative to
other currencies Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
(OPEC) After Arab Oil Embargo, OPEC raises price of oil by 400%
Deindustrialization Industrial jobs being replaced by knowledge
based jobs Rising income inequality Stagflation: rising cost of
living with decreased economic performance Nixon tries to tackle
inflation by decreasing money supply, raising interest Wage and
price controls for federal agencies Value of dollar continues to
slide
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Watergate & the Presidency Changes to Presidency Nixon
seeks, sometimes illegally, to exercise power June 17, 1972: seven
men arrested for breaking into the Democratic National Committee
office at the Watergate building Washington Post connects Committee
for the Reelection of the President More illegalities, cover-up
discovered Senate calls for release of Oval Office Recording System
tapes Executive Privilege Saturday Night Massacre United States v.
Richard M. Nixon, court rules tapes must be turned over Vice
President Spiro Agnew resigns for his own scandal Replaced by
Gerald Ford August 8, 1974: Nixon resigns office, Ford sworn in as
president Ford pardons Nixon, Our long national nightmare is
over
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Work on it: On page 442, write and answer questions 1-5