Mr. Bermudez. Identify the factors that contributed to Kennedy’s election in 1960 Describe the new military policy of the Kennedy administration

The New Frontier and the Great SocietyChapter 28

Mr. Bermudez

Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War

Identify the factors that contributed to Kennedy’s election in 1960

Describe the new military policy of the Kennedy administration

Summarize the crisis that developed over Cuba

Explain the Cold War symbolism of Berlin in the early 1960’s

Crash Course

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkXFb1sMa38

The Election of 1960

Restlessness in the US

Economic Recession

Sputnik I Launched- 1957

USSR develops long-range missiles

Fear that United States is falling behind

Candidates

Democrat= Mass. Senator John F. Kennedy

Republican= Vice President Richard M. Nixon

Similar positions on policy issues

Kennedy: television and Civil Rights

The Televised Debate Affects Votes

September 26th 1960

70 million TV viewers

Americans Politics: Television Age

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gbrcRKqLSRw

Kennedy and Civil Rights

Martin Luther King Jr. arrested in Oct. 1960

Pres. Eisenhower refused to get involved

Nixon no comment

JFK calls Coretta Scott King to express sympathy

African Americans support Kennedy

The Camelot Years

Election of 1960 closest in US History

Won by less than 119,000 votes

New Era at the White House: Grace, Elegance, and Wit

“And so, my fellow Americans, Ask not what your country can do for you-ask what you can do for your country”-JFK

Young couple- charmed America

Read the Primary Source

Pair up with the person next to you

Read the P.S

Answer the follow up questions

Kennedy Mystique

First family fascinated the public

Kennedy: Read 1,600 words each minute

Jacqueline: Fashion and Culture

Caroline and John: Young children

Modern day Camelot

The Best and Brightest

Kennedy: Surrounds himself with “best and Brightest”

Top advisor: Robert Kennedy

McGeorge Bundy- National Security Advisor

Robert McNamara- Secretary of Defense

Dean Rusk- Secretary of State

New Military Policy

Kennedy: Eisenhower Administration not done enough with the Soviet threat

Communist gained support in less developed countries- 3rd World

Blasted Republicans for not stopping Cuba

Defining the Military Strategy Nation’s nuclear strategy

Against: massive retaliation

Flexible Response: Increase defense spending, non-nuclear forces- Special Forces/Green Berets

Tripled nuclear capabilities

Allowed us to fight small conflicts around the world

Crisis Over Cuba

90 miles off the coast of US

Two weeks before JFK takes office

Fidel Castro: Communist leader of Cuba and welcomed soviet aid

Cuban Dilemma

Castro: gained power by promising democracy

“Revolutionaries are not born, they are made by poverty, inequality, and dictatorship.”

Cuba seized 3 US and British oil refineries

Castro broke up commercial farms into communes

American Sugar plantations control 75% of land

Bay of Pigs

March 1960- Eisenhower gave permission for an invasion of Cuba

JFK learns only 9 days after inauguration

Bay of Pigs: April 17th, 1961. 1,300-1,500 Cuban exiles land on Cuba’s shores (Bay of Pigs).

Complete failure.

Americans “look like fools to our friends, rascals to our enemies, and incompetents to the rest”

Cuban Missile Crisis

Soviets: promise to arm Cuba

US: Would not allow offensive nuclear weapons in Cuba

Photo graphs confirm missiles in Cuba

US: Any attack from Cuba would result on all out nuclear war with Soviet Union

Reading Like a Historian

Read Documents A-C

Work with your classmates

Answer all questions which relate

RLH Debrief

According to these documents, what deal did the U.S. strike with the U.S.S.R.?

Why was this deal kept secret?

Is this deal mentioned in the classroom textbook?

Why might the textbook not have mentioned this deal?

Who seems more scared or on the defensive in this documents?

What does this event show you about how people felt during the Cold War?

Resolution

Soviets avoid confrontation on sea

Nikita Khrushchev: Voluntarily removes missiles from Cuba

JFK: Removes missiles from Turkey

JFK and Khrushchev

Khrushchev: crisis severely destroyed prestige

JFK: practicing brinkmanship, missed opportunity to invade Cuba

Cuban-Americans: not supportive of Democrats.

Crisis over Berlin

JFK: Determination to contain communism

Berlin Wall: 1961 concrete wall constructed with barbed wires on top. Severed city in two.

Berlin Crisis

3 Million East Germans, 20% of population, flee to West Berlin

Refugees advertise failure of the Communist government

Weakened economy.

Construct wall to end flow of East Germans

Symbol of Communist oppression

Ease the tensions

Cold War: brought the world too close to nuclear destruction.

Hot Line: dedicated phone line allows for both countries to have communication during a crisis

Limited Test Ban Treaty: Barred nuclear testing in the atmosphere

Geography Application: Divided Germany and the Berlin Wall

Please read the short passage

Take a look at the map

Answer questions 1-7

Complete for homework

Section 2: The New Frontier

Summarize the New Frontier domestic and foreign agendas

Describe the tragic chain of events surrounding Kennedy’s assassination

The Promise of Progress

“We stand today on the edge of a New Frontier”

Americans: be “new pioneers” and explore “uncharted areas of science and space , unconquered pockets of ignorance and prejudice, unanswered questions of poverty and surplus.”-JFK

New Frontier: JFK’s attempt to transform and see progress within science, technology, social, and economic terms.

Resistance

Conservative Republicans and Southern Democrats – blocked Truman's Fair Deal

Popular Margin: a clear indication that voters approved of an individuals plans.

JFK won by small margin- he lacks popular margin

Stimulating the Economy

1960 has a recession

What is a recession? How does this impact the American morale?

1960 unemployment=6% this was highest since WWII

Deficit Spending: Gov. spends more than it takes in.

Goal: Increase spending and Lower taxes – help stimulate economy

Addressing Poverty Abroad

Peace Corps: Volunteer assistance to developing nations of Asia, Africa, and Latin America

Alliance for Progress: Offered economic and technical assistance to Latin American countries

Between 1961-1969 US invests $12 Billion in Latin America

STOP THE SPREAD OF COMMUNISM.

Race to the Moon

April 12th 1961- Soviet Cosmonaut Yuri A. Gagarin – first human in space

May 5th 1961- US Astronaut Alan Shepard – first American in space.

“Space Race”-JFK

July 20th 1969- US lands on the moon- Neil Armstrong

“One small step for man, one giant leap for

mankind”

Addressing Domestic Issues

Should the US send aid to other countries when so many suffer here?

The Other America- Michael Harrington- poverty within America- shocking that 50 million people scraped by on less than $1,000 person

Segregation battles

Tragedy in Dallas

Nov. 22nd 1963- JFK shot in the head

Lyndon Baines Johnson takes oath on Air Force One

Lee Harvey Oswald accused of killing President

Jack Ruby shot Oswald

Unanswered Questions

Warren Commission: 1963 investigation of the incident- concluded that Oswald acted alone

Conspiracy theories continue to surface

Significance: structure of government very sturdy.

Similar crisis would have crippled dictatorship

Section 3: The Great Society

Describe the political path that led LBJ to the White House

Explain Johnsons efforts to enact a domestic agenda

Summarize the goals of Johnson’s Great Society

Identify the reforms of the Warren Court

Evaluate the impact of the Great Society

LBJ’s Path to Power

Lyndon Baines Johnson (LBJ) – Texas

Enter politics in 1937 US House of Representatives- “New Dealer”

FDR took him under his wing

Master Politician

JFK sees an opportunity to have him on the ticket

Domestic Agenda Johnson urged Congress to pass civil rights

and tax cuts- in honor of JFK

Tax Cut Bill of 1964: Congress cuts taxes by 10 Billion- stimulates the economy- Businesses thrive- tax revenues cut government deficit from $6billion to $4 billion.

Civil Rights Act of 1964: Prohibited discrimination based upon race, religion, national origin, and sex.

The War on Poverty

Economic Opportunity Act (EOA) 1964- approved 1 billion for youth programs, anti-poverty measures, small business loans, and job training.

Job Corps Youth Training Program VISTA (Volunteers In Service Training

Program) Project Head Start Community Action Program

Election of 1964

Democrat: LBJ

Republican: Barry Goldwater

Many Americans support LB’s programs

Popular vote goes to LBJ

Wins 486 electoral votes, Goldwater only 52

Democratic majority

Daisy Girl Ad

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Id_r6pNsus

Building the Great Society

Great Society: LBJ’s vision for America. End poverty and racial injustice. Higher standard of living and equal opportunity. Promote a richer quality of life overall.

Education

“the key which can unlock the door to the Great Society”-LBJ

Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965: provided $1 billion to help schools buy new textbooks and library materials

Opened the door for federal aid in education

Healthcare

Medicare: provided hospital insurance and low-cost medical insurance for almost every American age 65 or older

Medicaid: extended health insurance to welfare recipients

Programs reflected an expanding role of federal government

Housing

Low rent public housing

Help low-moderate income families pay for better private housing

Robert Weaver: African American appointed as secretary of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)

Immigration

1920’s immigration laws discriminated against all non-western Europeans

Immigration Act of 1965: opened the door for many non-European immigrants Asian

The Environment

Water Quality Act of 1965: required states to clean up rivers

Air Quality Act of 1965: set air pollution guidelines

Consumer Protection

Truth in Packaging Act of 1966: set standards for labeling consumer goods

Reforms of the Warren Court

Chief Justice Earl Warren: took activist stance on leading issues of the day

Warren Court: banned prayer in school, declared state-required loyalty oaths are unconstitutional

Brown v. BOE

Congressional Reappointment

By 1960 80% of Americans live in cities or suburbs

Many states failed to change congressional districts to reflect this

Voters in rural America have more representation

Reappointment: way in which states redrew election districts based upon changing # of people in them Baker v. Carr

Rights of the AccusedMapp v. Ohio (1961) illegally seized evidence could not be used in court

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) courts must provide free counsel

Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) accused has the right an attorney present when questioned by police

Miranda v. Arizona (1966) all suspects must be read their rights before questioning

Point and Counterpoint Read the Point and Counterpoint on pg. 898

Answer the following questions

What was significant about the way Johnson used government power?

How did the Great Society programs affect the awareness of social problems

Why was there a conservative backlash to the Great Society programs.

Do you think the Great Society was a success or a failure? Explain

Impact of the Great Society

The Great Society and the Warren Court changed the United States

No president in Post-WWII era extended the power and reach of the federal government more than LBJ

The War on Poverty helped, the Civil Rights initiative made a difference and the massive tax cuts spurred the economy

Reading Like a Historian

The Great Society

Great Society Speech

Source: What type of document is this and who is the audience?

Close reading: What is the message of this document?

Context: What sorts of government programs do you think President Johnson would support, based on this document

Great Society Programs

Which of these programs have you heard of?

Which programs do you think have been successful? How would you measure whether these programs were successful?

How is the Great Society like the New Deal? How is it different

LBJ Documentary

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDeBd1j7sCM

What is our mission?Was the Great Society successful?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EClpFLDrK0g

Reading Like a Historian

Read the Pro and the Con account

Discuss with your partners

Complete the organizer?

EQ: Was the Great Society successful?

What is Califano’s main argument? What is Sowell’s main argument?

What evidence does each use to support his claim?

Who do you find more convincing? Why?

How are some of these arguments being played out in today’s debates over economic recovery?