3G Mobile Summit 1 Brussels June 2001 Andy Wilton Andy Wilton Andy Wilton Director of GSM Applied Research Motorola The Benefits of ALL-IP Networks The Benefits of ALL The Benefits of ALL - - IP Networks IP Networks
3G Mobile Summit 1 Brussels June 2001
Andy WiltonAndy WiltonAndy Wilton
Director of GSM Applied Research
Motorola
The Benefits of ALL-IP Networks The Benefits of ALLThe Benefits of ALL--IP Networks IP Networks
3G Mobile Summit 2 Brussels June 2001
Packet ServicesPacket Services
Drivers for Packet Drivers for Packet ServicesServices
3G Mobile Summit 3 Brussels June 2001
UMTS Forum Study Services and ApplicationsUMTS Forum Study Services and Applications
Rich VoiceInc.
Videophone
VoiceVoiceInformation and Content (NonInformation and Content (Non--Voice)Voice)
CONTENT CONNECTIVITYCONTENT CONNECTIVITY(Internet(Internet))
MOBILITYMOBILITY
PERSONALPERSONALPEOPLE PEOPLE
CONNECTIVITYCONNECTIVITY LOCATIONLOCATION
Direct Link Direct Link to a Personto a Person
Always on, Always on, IPIP--basedbased
Knowledge Knowledge of Locationof Location
Key Services IdentifiedKey Services Identified
Location-based
Services
Multimedia Messaging
ServiceCustomisedInfotainment
Mobile Intranet /Extranet
Mobile InternetAccess
3G Mobile Summit 4 Brussels June 2001
t
bit/s
Max
Avg
t
bit/s
Max
Avg
t
bit/s
Max
Avg
Virtual Connections
Services – Resource OccupancyServices – Resource Occupancy
•• RealReal--Time or Streaming Media:Time or Streaming Media:• High Data- Rate and Low Delay
• Increasingly Commodity Service
•• Content Based Services Content Based Services –– Often:Often:• Low Data Rate & Delay Tolerant
• Sold on Replacement Value
3G Mobile Summit 5 Brussels June 2001
The Cost of ServicesThe Cost of Services
• The Cost of Different Services is Not the Same
• Real Time or Streaming Media– Degrade the link budget
• maximum cell size is smaller• small cell size for entire region of high rate service
– Opportunity Cost• high rate services quickly use up cell capacity• exclude other lower rate users
• Content Based Services– are almost free– vending machine
• 1000 bytes/day• sometime that day
3G Mobile Summit 6 Brussels June 2001
Service RevenueService Revenue
x14x14
x10x10
RevenueUsers Supported per Carrier
Real Time ServicesReal Time Services Content Based ServicesContent Based Services
• Number Packet Users >>Circuit
• Revenue/Service higher- e.g.the Vending Machine
–substitutes for•cost of employee•cost of capital (van etc.,)
- tariff set on value
3G Mobile Summit 7 Brussels June 2001
The Benefits of All IP NetworksThe Benefits of All IP Networks
What is an ‘ALL IP Network’What is an ‘ALL IP Network’What is an ‘ALL IP Network’
3G Mobile Summit 8 Brussels June 2001
IP Has Multiple RolesIP Has Multiple Roles
GPRS ExampleGPRS ExampleIP Host
Internet
BSC/PCU GGSNSGSNBTSMS
Internal
NetworkIP CNFR
Um
L1bis L1
Gb Gn GiMS BSS SGSN GGSN
UDP
GSM RF
SNDCP
IP (priv)
LLC
MAC
RLC
Application
GSM RF Physical
IP (pub)
Physical Physical
GTP-U
Physical
IP SERVICE (INTER-NETWORK ROUTING)
OPER.
Start
End
UDP
IP (op)
L2
IP Host
Physical
IP (pub)
Application
L2
ROUTING
IP (op)
UDP
End
Start
L2
RLC
MAC
BSSGP
N.Service
SNDCP GTP-U
BSSGP
N.Service
LLCRelay
RelayAppl
icat
ion
Appl
icat
ion
Leve
lLe
vel
Impl
emen
tatio
n Im
plem
enta
tion
Leve
lLe
vel
3G Mobile Summit 9 Brussels June 2001
UMTS R99 ArchitectureUMTS R99 Architecture
Access Network
OAMPRNCRNC
RRMRNCRNC
RRM
Concentrators
Iub
Iur
IubIub
Core Network Iups
PSTN
MSC
SGSNGGSN
Internet Internet
SGSNGGSN
SGSN GGSN
SGSN GGSN
MSC
MSCMSC
Iucs Iucs
PSTN
Iups
3G Mobile Summit 10 Brussels June 2001
UTRAN Architecture EvolutionUTRAN Architecture Evolution
IP UTRAN• IP routing• IP transport• point-to-point Node B Link
Iu
Iub
IP Network
Router
Router
Router
Router
Iub
RRM
RNC
SignallingSignalling
Peer-to-Peer• Node B re-parenting RNC• Signalling/bearer separation• Distributed RRM
SDU
SDU
Iu
IubIub
RNCSRRM1
RRM1
RNCS
Aggregation
IP Network
RRM2RRM2
BearerBearer
Hierarchical• point-to-point ATM• concentration
Concentrator
Iub Iub
Concentrator
Iu
RRM
RNC
RNC - Radio Network Controller RRM – Radio Resource Management
3G Mobile Summit 11 Brussels June 2001
CORE Network EvolutionCORE Network Evolution
+ Routing equipment: lower cost+ Multiple routes - better N/W availability+ Use of multiple bearers as required+ Bearer & control separation - scalability+ Incremental investment
DistributedDistributed
IP CNIP CNPSTNInternet
SignallingServer
Bearer handling
SignallingSignalling BearerBearer
- Switching equipment: expensive- Point to point ATM - trunking inefficiency- Homogeneous bearers between NE+ QoS well managed- Signalling and traffic follow same path
GGSN
GGSN
HierarchicalHierarchical
PSTN
MSC
SGSN
Internet Internet
SGSN
SGSN GGSN
SGSN GGSN
MSC
MSCMSC
PSTN
SignallingSignalling(CS)(CS)Bearer(CS)Bearer(CS)Bearer(PS)Bearer(PS)
SignallingSignalling(PS)(PS)
3G Mobile Summit 12 Brussels June 2001
The Benefits of an ALL IP NetworkThe Benefits of an ALL IP Network
The Cellular Environment The Cellular Environment The Cellular Environment
3G Mobile Summit 13 Brussels June 2001
Cellular Traffic Mix Changes vs TimeCellular Traffic Mix Changes vs Time
Total Suburban Traffic Volume/BH
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Gby
tes Urban
SuburbanRural
Coverage growth
0
40,000
80,000
120,000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
km^2
UrbanSubUrbanRural
Subscriber growth
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Subs
crib
ers
UrbanSuburbanRural
Suburban Downlink Service Growth Per Sub
0
450
900
1,350
1,800
2,250
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
kbits
/BH
64kbit/s (PS) 144kbit/s (PS) 64kbit/s (CS) 12.2kbit/s Speech
3G Mobile Summit 14 Brussels June 2001
The Benefits of an ALL IP NetworkThe Benefits of an ALL IP Network
All IP Network - ConsiderationsAll IP Network - Considerations
3G Mobile Summit 15 Brussels June 2001
Network Management & ProvisioningNetwork Management & Provisioning
◆ MSC Data Field reconfiguring◆ Rebalance circuit and packet networks◆ Sensitive to mix
◆ Incremental transmission upgrades◆ Less sensitive to traffic mix changes◆ Single network to manage
◆ Element Dimensioning
Service Mix Changing Over TimeService Mix Changing Over Time
HierarchicalHierarchical DistributedDistributed
IP CNIP CNPSTNInternet
SignallingServer
Bearer handlingPSTN
MSC
SGSN
Internet Internet
SGSN
SGSN GGSN
SGSN GGSN
MSC
MSCMSC
PSTNGGSN
GGSN
- Equipment upgrades
3G Mobile Summit 16 Brussels June 2001
Transmission GrowthTransmission Growth
Release 99 CoreRelease 99 Core
Capacity
◆ Large capacity increment
All IP CoreAll IP Core
Capacity
Growth
◆ Capacity - incremental investment◆ Resilience
Growth
Required Capacity Required
Capacity
3G Mobile Summit 17 Brussels June 2001
Rel 99 SERVICE IMPLEMENTATION
- MSC based- Slow rollout (regression testing)- Service lost on roaming- New Service introduction
- potentially corrupts all services- Tied to MSC vendor
PSTNPSTN PPDNPPDN
MSCMSCMSC
GGSNGGSNGGSN
SGSNSGSNSGSN
GMSCGMSCGMSC
NODE BNODE BNODE B NODE BNODE BNODE B
UMTS RANUMTS RAN
RNCRNCRNC
XCDRXCDRXCDR
Service Dis-aggregation / Time to MarketService Dis-aggregation / Time to Market
‘All IP’ SERVICE IMPLEMENTATION
- Client Server based- Very fast rollout- Multiple sources for Application
development- Each service is stand alone
- cannot corrupt others- Matched to Web implementation
IP Address Server
Phone (Client)
3G Mobile Summit 18 Brussels June 2001
Protocol OverheadsProtocol Overheads
96.8
94.7
%age efficiency (payload to message)
Voice PDU (40 octets)
ATM
SDH
A
Voice over ATM Voice over IP
VOICE
AAL2
Voice PDU (40 octets)
RTP
UDP
IP
R
R UGTP
UDP
IP
SDH
R U
R U
R U
R U
I
I
I
I
G
G
G
U
U I
75.5
32.3
38.5
41.7
50.0
66.6
76.9
75.5% 32.3%Data over ATM Data over IP
SDH
Data PDU ( 720 octets)
97.8
96.8
94.7
84.9
GTP
UDP
IP
SDH
G
G
G
G
U
U
U
I
I AG
G
G
U
U
I
Data PDU ( 720 octets)
GTP
UDP
IP
ATM
DATA
AAL5
97.8
84.9% 94.7%
3G Mobile Summit 19 Brussels June 2001
Quality of Service (QoS)Quality of Service (QoS)Quality of Service (QoS)Quality of Service (QoS)
QoS is defined by a number of parameters such as delay, jitter, loss
Circuit switched pipe Packet switched network
∆t1
∆t2∆t1
∆t2• ∆t1 = ∆t2 • ∆t1 ≠∆t2• Jitter
General QoS Solutions
• IntServ - session QoS • DiffServ - Packet QoS • MPLS/RSVP - protocols
MPLSUE/MS
RSVP/IntServ
MPLS
Node BNode B
DiffServDiffServDiffServ
3G Mobile Summit 20 Brussels June 2001
All IP Networks +ves & -vesAll IP Networks +ves & -ves
• Life Cycle Cost– Faster product learning curve– Trunking efficiency– Lower OA&M and Provisioning costs– Higher network resilience
• Revenue Benefits– Faster Service roll out
• Application commonality with internet services
• New service development speed (not locked to MSC regression testing)
• Other Benefits– Well matched to service/content
disaggregation– Natural integration with the Internet
• Product availability– QoS management only now being
resolved• Need to avoid inefficient IP
implementations– Multiple protocol stacks
AdvantagesAdvantages DisadvantagesDisadvantages
3G Mobile Summit 21 Brussels June 2001
The Benefits of ALL IP NetworksThe Benefits of ALL IP Networks
Key Benefits and TimingKey Benefits and Timing
3G Mobile Summit 22 Brussels June 2001
Life Cycle Cost ModellingLife Cycle Cost Modelling
Cellular InfrastructureHandset SubsidiesInstallation/OptimisationSpectrum Licence FeesServicesetc
Cellular InfrastructureHandset SubsidiesInstallation/OptimisationSpectrum Licence FeesServicesetc
InterconnectSite RentalMaintenancePoweretc
InterconnectSite RentalMaintenancePoweretc
CapitalCapital
RecurringRecurring
3G Mobile Summit 23 Brussels June 2001
Life Cycle Network CostsLife Cycle Network Costs
0%
100 %
Distributed CN CostsR99 CN Costs
Licence Fees
HandsetSubsidies
RAN
Core N/W
3G Mobile Summit 24 Brussels June 2001
Infrastructure Life cycle CostsInfrastructure Life cycle Costs
0.0%
25.0%
50.0%
75.0%
100.0%
R99 Network Total Costs R2001 Network Total Costs
HandsetsSite RentalsConcentratorsRNC EquipmentNode B EquipmentOAM + UpgradesTransmissionCore Network SitesMSCs + GSNs
3G Mobile Summit 25 Brussels June 2001
Total Costs and RevenueTotal Costs and Revenue
0.0%
25.0%
50.0%
75.0%
100.0%
R99 Total Business Costs R2001 Total Business Costs
LicenseHandsetsSite RentalsConcentratorsRNC EquipmentNode B EquipmentOAM + UpgradesTransmissionCore Network SitesMSCs + GSNs
3G Mobile Summit 26 Brussels June 2001
ALL IP Network Revenue Benefits – (1)ALL IP Network Revenue Benefits – (1)
UMTS UMTS
GSM
UMTS
• Islands of UMTS coverage- small cell size- demand driven
• Wide area coverage- GPRS or EDGE
• Dual mode UMTS/GSM handsets
ServerServerServer
GPRS/EDGE
UMTS
UMTS Service
• Services at edge of network- transport via GSM or UMTS
• Service Transparent to Transport- between operators- between media (copper, mobile etc.,)- a few services
- will run less well on GPRS/EDGE
CELLULAR RF COVERAGE CELLULAR SERVICE COVERAGE
Data
Data
3G Mobile Summit 27 Brussels June 2001
ALL IP Network Revenue Benefits – (2) ALL IP Network Revenue Benefits – (2)
GPRS ExampleGPRS ExampleIP Host
Internet
BSC/PCU GGSNSGSNBTSMS
Internal
NetworkIP CNFR
Um
L1bis L1
Gb Gn GiMS BSS SGSN GGSN
UDP
GSM RF
SNDCP
IP (priv)
LLC
MAC
RLC
Application
GSM RF Physical
IP (pub)
Physical Physical
GTP-U
Physical
IP SERVICE (INTER-NETWORK ROUTING)
OPER.
Start
End
UDP
IP (op)
L2
IP Host
Physical
IP (pub)
Application
L2
ROUTING
IP (op)
UDP
End
Start
L2
RLC
MAC
BSSGP
N.Service
SNDCP GTP-U
BSSGP
N.Service
LLCRelay
RelayAppl
icat
ion
Appl
icat
ion
Leve
lLe
vel
Impl
emen
tatio
n Im
plem
enta
tion
Leve
lLe
vel
3G Mobile Summit 28 Brussels June 2001
All IP Networks – Phased IntroductionAll IP Networks – Phased Introduction
◆◆ Service Service DDisis--aggregationaggregation
◆◆ IP core networkIP core network
◆◆ IP UTRAN (opIP UTRAN (optiontion))
◆◆ PeerPeer--toto--peer (option)peer (option)
◆◆ Repartitioned RRMRepartitioned RRM
3G Mobile Summit 29 Brussels June 2001
ALL IP Networks – Key BenefitsALL IP Networks – Key Benefits
• Increased Revenue– Fastest Time to Market for New Applications– Revenues from Access Provision to Third Parties
• Reduced LifeCycle Cost– Simpler Service provisioning
• Reduced Costs• Skilled Staff Availability
– Lower Network Costs• IP Product Learning Curve• Network Scalability
3G Mobile Summit 30 Brussels June 2001
Thank You for Your Attention
Thank You for Your Attention
The Benefits of ALL IP NetworksThe Benefits of ALL IP Networks