Motorcycle Safety Updates - Start Seeing Motorcycle Mehdi... · Young Drivers involved in Fatal ... Higher Message Awareness of safety belt and alcohol ... $5,423 $6,136 $7,126 $7,053

Motorcycle

Safety Updates

Mehdi Nassirpour Research and Evaluation Division of Traffic Safety

Illinois Department of Transportation

Objectives

Overview of the Traffic Safety Programs

Accomplishments

Challenges

Motorcycle Data

Crash/Health Care Data

Survey Results

Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st

Century Act (MAP-21)

MAP-21 creates a streamlined, performance-based, and multimodal program to address the many challenges facing the U.S. transportation system. These challenges include improving safety, maintaining infrastructure condition, reducing traffic congestion, improving efficiency of the system and freight movement, protecting the environment, and reducing delays in project delivery.

Illinois Highway Safety Program Areas

Occupant Protection

Impaired Driving

Speed Control

Traffic Records

Emergency Medical Services

Pedestrian/Bicycle

Motorcycle Safety

Large Truck

Distracted Driving (New)

We are required to identify

those programs most

effective in reducing

crashes, injuries, and deaths,

and eligible use of highway

safety funds awarded to the

State of Illinois

Required Performance Measures in Illinois Based on Six

years of Data (2009-2012)

Required Core Measures

Projected

Figures

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total Fatalities 911 927 918 956 960 972

Total Serious Injuries 13,008 12,636 11,945 12,401 11,870 11,619

Total Fatality Rate 0.86 0.88 0.89 0.92 0.935 0.95

Rural Fatality Rate 1.45 1.40 1.50 1.50 1.53 1.56

Urban Fatality Rate 0.66 0.70 0.68 0.72 0.72 0.74

Total Serous Injury Rate 12.30 11.95 11.56 11.87 11.50 11.30

Unrestrained Occ. Fatalities 265 261 268 279 281 286

Impaired Drivers and Motorcyclists* 313 292 278 321 304 305

Speed Related Fatalities 325 438 441 387 445 464

Motorcyclist Fatalities 130 131 145 148 156 162

Unhelmeted Motorcyclists 99 106 108 115 120 125

Young Drivers involved in Fatal

Crashes* 119 146 122 117 118 115

Pedestrian Fatalities 112 115 135 138 149 159

Pedal-cycle 19 24 27 29 34 36

Belt Usage Rate 91.7 92.6 92.9 93.6 93.7 94.4

Major Accomplishments

Reduction in total Fatalities and Injuries over the last

five years

High Belt Use (93.7%)

Higher Message Awareness of safety belt and alcohol

awareness (Over 90%)

Improvement in Alcohol-Related Fatalities (lower in

absolute number)

Establishment of Sustained Enforcement Activities

Improvement in crash data reporting (Timeliness,

Accessibility, and Data Integration)

Challenges (Occupant Protection)

Lower belted occupant fatalities

Lower usage rate among African Americans

and Hispanics

Lower usage rate among young male drivers

Low usage rate at night among those who

fatally injured

Lower usage rate among back seat

occupants (77.4%)

Challenge (Alcohol/Speed)

Higher % alcohol-related fatalities

Lower rate of state and local agency participation

during alcohol campaigns

Accurate Problem IDs for the State and local

agencies to select high crash locations to patrol

High % speed related fatalities

Accurate and reasonable coding of alcohol-

related and speed related fatalities

Strategies to Combat Nighttime Belt Use

and Alcohol Problems

In 2007, we started focusing on nighttime

enforcement by asking the local and state law

enforcement agencies to shift at least 50% of

their enforcement activities from daytime to

nighttime.

Since 2011, all our enforcement grantees were

required to conduct enforcement activities during

major belt and alcohol campaigns at night.

Nighttime hours are 11:00PM – 6:00AM

Major Enforcement Campaigns in Illinois

Thanksgiving (Belt)

Memorial Day (Belt)

Christmas (Alcohol)

July 4th (Alcohol)

Super Bowl (Belt/Alcohol)

Labor Day (Alcohol)

St. Patrick's (Belt/Alcohol)

Unassigned (locals)◦

Cinco De Mayo

(Belt/Alcohol)

Unassigned (ISP)†

† The hours and citations for the unassigned enforcement could not be broken down by daytime and nighttime enforcement activities. ◦ Unassigned (locals) indicates local enforcement agencies conducted additional enforcement outside the required holiday campaigns.

Challenge

(Non Occupants/Others)

Pedestrian/Pedal-cycle

Distracted Driving including cell phone and

text messaging

Motorcycle Riders (Increases in motorcyclist

deaths threaten gains made in other areas)

Driver Electronic Device Use in Illinois in 2013

(Total Number of Vehicle Observed=33,666)

Region Total Male Female

Total

Observed

Electronic

Device Use

Total

Observed

Electronic

Device Use

Total

Observed

Electronic

Device Use

Total 33,666 11.8% 18,980 10.2% 14,686 13.9%

Chicago 2,545 17.6% 1,475 15.3% 1,070 20.8%

Cook 5,613 12.1% 3,357 10.1% 2,256 15.1%

Upstate 13,947 12.6% 7,815 10.8% 6,132 14.8%

Downstate 11561 9.4% 6,333 8.3% 5,228 10.8%

Total Fatalities Motorcyclist Fatalities

157 158 132 157 135 130 131 145 148

1355 13631254 1248

1043

911 927 918 956

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Motorcyclist Fatalities

130 131 145 148

156 162

y = 6.8x + 121.53

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Projected

Figures

Unhelmeted Motorcyclist Fatalities

99 106 108

115 120

125

y = 5.1143x + 94.267

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Projected

Figures

Total Motorcycle Fatalities and Licensed

Motorcyclists by Age (2010-2012)

3.8%

12.5%

10.4%

9.0%

10.8%

8.5%

11.3% 13.4%

9.4%

10.8%

1.6%

4.8%

6.7%

7.7%

10.0%

11.9%

14.8%

15.4%

12.4%

14.7%

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

14.0%

16.0%

18.0%

16 - 20 21 - 25 26 - 30 31 - 35 36 - 40 41 - 45 46 - 50 51 - 55 56 - 60 61+

% Fatlities % licensed Motorcyclists

Motorcycle Helmet Use in 2012 and 2013 (Based on

Observational Survey)

Selected

Characteristics

2012 2013

Total

Observed

Usage Rate Total

Observed

Usage Rate

Statewide (288) 1,982 36.10% 1,353 50.90%

Regions

City of Chicago (35) 135 49.60% 82 40.20%

Cook County (63) 78 42.30% 482 51.00%

Collar Counties (120) 1,360 35.60% 473 55.40%

Downstate (70) 409 32.00% 316 46.80%

Road Type

Residential (144) 795 34.80% 246 30.90%

U.S./Illinois Highways

(84)

413 37.10% 379 50.10%

Interstate Highways (60) 774 36.80% 728 58.10%

Day of Week

Weekends (112) 1,466 32.90% 780 52.10%

Weekdays (176) 516 45.20% 573 49.40%

Percent Helmeted Motorcyclists who died in Motor Vehicle

Crashes by Age (2010-2012)

43.8%

20.8%

25.0%

28.9%

10.9%

13.9% 16.7%

12.3%

17.5%

32.6%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

45.0%

50.0%

16 - 20 21 - 25 26 - 30 31 - 35 36 - 40 41 - 45 46 - 50 51 - 55 56 - 60 61+

% Helmeted Mootrcyclist

Linked Crash and

Hospital Data on

Motorcycle related

Crashes Data in 2010

Freq. and % Distribution of Linked Crash

and Hospital Discharge Data in 2010

(N=4,631)

2,306 50%

563 12%

1,762 38%

 Not linkedInOut

Average Charges per Discharge

Motorcycles Versus All Crashes (Based on

Linked Crash and Hospital Discharge Data)

$9,283

$68,371

$4,374

$23,793

$79,657

$6,214

$0

$10,000

$20,000

$30,000

$40,000

$50,000

$60,000

$70,000

$80,000

$90,000

All Hospital Inpatient Outpatient

All Individuals Motorcycle Occupants

Average Hospital Charge by Age

$12,959 $21,166 $22,913 $26,024 $28,432 $27,026

$31,809

$40,983

$16,631

$54,825

$91,816

$101,217

$82,426 $86,420

$90,235

$106,444

$93,379

$33,395

$5,423 $6,136 $7,126 $7,053 $7,459 $7,300 $7,318 $4,926 $3,883

$0

$20,000

$40,000

$60,000

$80,000

$100,000

$120,000

0 to 15 16 to 20 21 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 to 74 75 &Over

All Inpatient Outpatient

Average Charge by Helmet Status

$23,359 $29,524

$85,980 $92,173

$6,658 $7,376

$0

$10,000

$20,000

$30,000

$40,000

$50,000

$60,000

$70,000

$80,000

$90,000

$100,000

Helmet No Helmet

All Inpatient Outpatient

Percent Head Injuries by Helmet Status

11.3%

28.7%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

Helmeted Not Helmeted

Total helmeted with head injury =99

Total helmeted with no head injury=780

Total Not helmeted with head injury =322

Total Not helmeted with no head injury=1,123

Note: the relationship between Helmet use and head injury is significant. Odd Ratio (OR) value is

over 0.34 indicates that wearing helmet a protective against head injury.

Head Injury by Helmet Status (Mean

Charges)

Head Injury No Helmet Helmet

No Head

Injury

$19,000 $16,749 Head Injury

$42,211 $37,450

Freq. & % Linked Data by Payer

Type

Payer

Type

All Hospital

Discharge

Inpatient Hospital

Discharge

Outpatient

Hospital

Discharge

Link

Count

Link

Percent

Link Count Link

Percent

Link

Count

Link

Percent

Medicare 44 1.9% 16 2.8% 28 1.6%

Medicaid 104 4.5% 23 4.2% 81 4.6%

Insurance 1,572 67.6% 395 70.2% 1,177 66.8%

Uninsured 358 15.4% 67 11.9% 291 16.5%

Other 247 10.6% 62 10.9% 186 10.5%

All 2,325 100.0% 563 100.0% 1,762 100.0%

Average Charge by Payer Type

$15,382

$8,265 $9,797 $6,947

$9,336

$67,438 $65,181

$72,184

$60,621 $61,153

$4,459 $3,550 $4,557 $3,824 $4,936

$0

$10,000

$20,000

$30,000

$40,000

$50,000

$60,000

$70,000

$80,000

Medicare Medicaid Insurance Uninsured Other

All Inpatient Outpatient

Survey Results on

Motorcyclists

Risk factors for motorcycle crashes are

similar to those for other types of motor

vehicle crashes, but they differ in a number

of key areas, including the effect of licensing

and training, vehicle design, helmet use,

driver conspicuity, environmental conditions,

road design, and road conditions.

Rick Factors for Motorcycle

Crashes

Total population and Sample

Total Rider Training Participants

84,373

Unknown Population

Sample Received

18,184

Usable Sample

12,179 (67.0%)

Total Legitimate E-mails

77,783 (92.2%)

Other Sample

1,413 (about11.6%)

E-mail Sample

10,766(about88.4%)

Note: About 2.2 % of the

sample were from out-of-

state)

“Your Gender:”

70.0%

30.0%

74.5%

25.5%

70.5%

29.5%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

Male Female

Trained Not Trained Total

“Your Age:”

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

Under 21 21 to 25 26 to 39 40 to 49 50 to 59 60 Plus

Trained Not Trained Total

“Do You Own a Motorcycle?”

78.9%

21.1%

65.0%

35.0%

77.2%

22.8%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

Own a Motorcycle Do Not Own a Motorcycle

Trained Not Trained Total

“If yes to question 6, what type of

motorcycle do you own?”

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

45.0%

Touring Cruise Sport Traditional Scooter Other,Specify

Trained Not Trained Total

“Do you have a motorcycle license?”

93.0%

7.0%

62.3%

37.7%

89.1%

10.9%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

Yes No

Trained Not Trained Total

“How long have you held your

motorcycle license?”

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

Less than 2Years

2 to 5 Years 6 to 10 Years 11 to 20 Years 21+ Years

Trained Not Trained Total

“About how many miles did you ride your

motorcycle last year?”

-10.0%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

Less than 2,000 2,001 to 5,000 5,001 to 10,000 More than 10,000

Trained Not Trained Total

“Do you ride for business/commuting, or

just for pleasure?”

2.2%

45.2%

52.6%

2.8%

44.6%

52.6%

2.3%

45.2%

52.6%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

Business/Commuting Pleasure Both

Trained Not Trained Total

“Do you wear protective clothing when you ride (e.g.,

jacket, gloves, trousers, and boots)?”

-10.0%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

Always Nearly Always Sometimes Seldom Never

Trained Not Trained Total

“Do you wear a helmet when you are riding?”

-10.0%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

Always Nearly Always Sometimes Seldom Never

Trained Not Trained Total

“How many motorcycle accidents have you

had during the last 3 years?”

91.8%

8.0%

0.1% 0.1%

92.7%

7.1%

0.2% 0.0%

91.9%

7.9%

0.1% 0.1% 0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

None 1 to 2 Accidents 3 to 4 Accidents 5 or MoreAccidents

Trained Not Trained Total

Multivariate Analysis

(Based on Survey Results)

What are the risk factors for

motorcycle related crashes, such

demographics, vehicle type and

helmet use?

What variables predict self-

reported crashes?

Results of Multivariate Analysis (Logistic Regression) on Crashes

Controlling for Selected Variables

Crash =Had been involved in crashes = 1 versus Not involved in

crashes)

Selected Variables Estimate

Std

Error

Chi-

Square Pr > |t|

Intercept -2.296 0.1116 423.148 <.0001

Miles Driven: More than 2000 Miles = 1 0.4801 0.0893 28.8778 <.0001

Engine Size: 750 cc or more = 1 -0.2277 0.0889 6.5544 0.0105

Reason for Riding: Pleasure = 1 0.349 0.0863 16.3619 <.0001

Helmet Status: Don't wear helmet = 1 -0.2076 0.1139 3.3214 0.0584

Young Age: 25 and Under = 1 0.3431 0.1171 8.5818 0.0034

Old Age: 50 and Above = 1 -0.3673 0.0898 16.7367 <.0001 Years Owned Motorcycle License: Less than two years = 1 -0.5014 0.0872 33.0458 <.0001

Results of Multivariate Analysis (Logistic Regression) on Crashes

Controlling for Selected Variables

Crash =Had been involved in crashes = 1 versus Not involved in

crashes)

Selected Variables Results

Std

Error

Chi-

Square

Effect

on

Crashes

Intercept

Miles Driven: More than 2000 Miles = 1 Increases chance of Crash Positive

Engine Size: 750 cc or more = 1 Decreases chance of Crash Negative

Reason for Riding: Pleasure = 1 Increases chance of Crash Positive

Helmet Status: helmeted = 1 Decreases chance of Crash Negative

Young Age: 25 and Under = 1 Increases chance of Crash Positive

Old Age: 50 and Above = 1 Decreases chance of Crash Negative

Years Owned Motorcycle License: Less than two years = 1

Decreases chance of Crash Negative

Future Plan

Contact Information Mehdi Nassirpour

Division of Traffic Safety at IDOT

1340 North 9th

Springfield, IL 62702

Email: [email protected]

DTS’ Evaluation Website:

http://www.dot.il.gov/trafficsafety/tsevaluation.html

Questions?