Motives of the Framers Chapter 2, Theme D. Copyright © 2011 Cengage WHO GOVERNS? 1. What is the difference between a democracy and a republic? 2. What.

Motives of the Motives of the FramersFramers

Chapter 2, Theme DChapter 2, Theme D

Copyright © 2011 CengageCopyright © 2011 Cengage

WHO GOVERNS?WHO GOVERNS?1. What is the difference between a democracy 1. What is the difference between a democracy

and a republic?and a republic?

2. What branch of government has the 2. What branch of government has the greatest power?greatest power?

TO WHAT ENDS?TO WHAT ENDS?1. Does the Constitution tell us what goals the 1. Does the Constitution tell us what goals the

government should serve?government should serve?

2. Whose freedom does the Constitution 2. Whose freedom does the Constitution protect?protect?

Copyright © 2011 CengageCopyright © 2011 Cengage

The Motives of the FramersThe Motives of the Framers

This late-eighteenth-This late-eighteenth-century cartoon shows century cartoon shows the enthusiasm many the enthusiasm many people had for their new people had for their new ConstitutionConstitution

The Granger Collection

Economic InterestsEconomic Interests

Modest roleModest role Varied widelyVaried widely Beard: Framers expected to benefit Beard: Framers expected to benefit

economicallyeconomically No clear division along class lines No clear division along class lines

support this claimsupport this claim Recent research shows st. econ. gain Recent research shows st. econ. gain

outweighed personal gain (EX. Slaves)outweighed personal gain (EX. Slaves)

Elbridge Gerry (left, 1744–1814) was a wealthy Massachusetts merchant and Elbridge Gerry (left, 1744–1814) was a wealthy Massachusetts merchant and politician who participated in the convention but refused to sign the politician who participated in the convention but refused to sign the Constitution. James Wilson (right, 1742–1798) of Pennsylvania, a brilliant Constitution. James Wilson (right, 1742–1798) of Pennsylvania, a brilliant lawyer and terrible businessman, was the principal champion of the popular lawyer and terrible businessman, was the principal champion of the popular election of the House. Near the end of his life, he was jailed repeatedly for election of the House. Near the end of his life, he was jailed repeatedly for debts incurred as a result of his business speculations. debts incurred as a result of his business speculations.

Copyright © 2011 CengageCopyright © 2011 Cengage

Bettmann/CORBIS Hulton Archive/Hulton Archive/Getty Images

Economic InterestsEconomic Interests

These interests played into the These interests played into the ratifying conventionsratifying conventions

Who supported the Constitution?Who supported the Constitution? Merchants, urban, western Merchants, urban, western

landowners, held gov’t IOUs, landowners, held gov’t IOUs, abolitionistsabolitionists

Who opposed the Constitution?Who opposed the Constitution? Farmers, debtors, slave ownersFarmers, debtors, slave owners

The Constitution was silent about slavery, and so buying and selling The Constitution was silent about slavery, and so buying and selling slaves continued until 1808.slaves continued until 1808.

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Chicago Historical Society

Equality Equality Slaves not mentioned—see your notes Slaves not mentioned—see your notes

on compromises. Why?on compromises. Why? How are women protected by the How are women protected by the

Constitution?Constitution? Is our Government too weak to protect Is our Government too weak to protect

equality due to special interests?equality due to special interests? Does a strong government create Does a strong government create

inequality or prevent it?inequality or prevent it?

Modern ReformsModern Reforms

Reduce separation of powers?Reduce separation of powers? Eliminate gridlockEliminate gridlock Limit interference with government Limit interference with government

agencies—Discuss summer IRS blogagencies—Discuss summer IRS blog Make president stronger & more Make president stronger & more

accountable with powers over the accountable with powers over the Congress. Congress.

Modern ReformsModern Reforms Suggestions to reduce separation of Suggestions to reduce separation of

powers?powers? Amend the Constitution to allow members of Amend the Constitution to allow members of

Congress to be in CabinetCongress to be in Cabinet Allow the President to dissolve an ineffective Allow the President to dissolve an ineffective

Congress and hold special electionsCongress and hold special elections Allow Congress to call for a loss of confidence vote Allow Congress to call for a loss of confidence vote

in the Presidentin the President Allow Congress & President to run as a ticket in Allow Congress & President to run as a ticket in

each districteach district Allow the President only one 6-year termAllow the President only one 6-year term Lengthen the HOR term to 4-years instead of 2Lengthen the HOR term to 4-years instead of 2

Modern ReformsModern Reforms Suggestions for making the system less Suggestions for making the system less

democratic?democratic? Limit by law taxes collected each yearLimit by law taxes collected each year Require a balanced budgetRequire a balanced budget President should regain rescission authority President should regain rescission authority

through a line-item vetothrough a line-item veto Clinton et. al. v. New York et. al. Clinton et. al. v. New York et. al.

Limit the power of courtsLimit the power of courts

CT Exercises Quiz CT Exercises Quiz

1.1. Using question #10, part 1, how many days Using question #10, part 1, how many days does Congress have to determine if the does Congress have to determine if the President is fit to return to his job?President is fit to return to his job?

2.2. Explain your answer for #7, part 2 by Explain your answer for #7, part 2 by showing the math.showing the math.

3.3. Who chooses the President if no one wins Who chooses the President if no one wins an electoral college majority? (#6, part 2)an electoral college majority? (#6, part 2)

4.4. What is the answer to #3b in part 1?What is the answer to #3b in part 1?

5.5. What is the answer to #8 in part 2?What is the answer to #8 in part 2?

BOR Projects assigned. Due October 10BOR Projects assigned. Due October 10thth!!