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Enjoy study exams
Get good grades
Ali Hassan Shah
shah17478@gmail .com
Enjoy Study and Exams
Get GOOD GRADES
What are your problems
? ? ?
BRAINBRAIN
One neuron is equals to one Computer
10 thousand crore neurons
Dendrites are connections
One neuron can make one lakh dendrites
4 round trip of earth
200 pages 5 crore books
Our brain is amazingOur brain is amazing
It has four stages It has four stages
11stst stage stage
Identification forward study
22ndnd stage stage
memory trace registrationWithout attention no registration
33rdrd stage stage
Storage
Roger Sperry 22 years research Nobel Prize winner
Left brain
• Studying all work writing • Language• Cramming• Non interesting work• Logic math
Right brain
• Tv • Games• Enjoy • Music• coulerful
Left brain contains 10% storage
Right brain contains 90% storage
44thth step steprecall
Improving Memory and Reading
Improving memory and reading
How does the memory works
Its has three stages
Sensory register
Short termMemory (STM)
Long termMemory (LTM)
Sensory registerSensory register
• Lasts less than a second• Records sensory experience• Allows the brain to process info• Helps us to focus on relevant info
• The Sensory Register is like a quickly fading photo of your sensory experience
Short Term Memory
• Lasts about a half a minute• Temporary and limited• Records what we see, hear, do,
taste, touch• Purpose is to ponder significance
and decide if it is important enough to remember
Magical Number 7
It is easier to remember material grouped in chunks of seven (+ or –2)
Common 7’s
• Telephone Number• License Plate• Days of the Week• Colors of the Rainbow• Deadly Sins• 7 Dwarfs (Snow White)• Can You Name Some Others?
Long Term Memory
• Large capacity• Permanent storage• Use it to store important
information for future use• Use it to store information for
college success
Is It True that We Never Forget?
• We remember what is stored in• Long Term Memory (LTM)• This is the goal of college study
How Long Do We Remember?
• Sensory Register less than one second• Short Term less than one minute• Long Term permanent
• Requires rehearsal• Apply memory techniques
Store information in long term memory
We
• Unpleasant things• Names of people, places, things• What is barely learned• What we do not understand• Under pressure or stress• Material we learn by “cramming”• Ideas in conflict with our beliefs
We
• Pleasant Experiences• Material important to us• What we put in effort to learn• What we have reviewed• What is interesting• What we use frequently• Muscular skills such as riding a bike
Theories of Forgetting
• I Forgot• Mental Blur• Decay• Interference• Reactive Interference• Motivated Forgetting
Rate of Forgetting (or losing access)
•AFTER 20 MINUTES 47%• AFTER 1 DAY 62%•AFTER 2 DAYS 69%•AFTER 15 DAYS 75%•AFTER 31 DAYS 78%
•Super Learning
Average IQ = 100Genius = 160
•The average human only uses 4% of their brain
If we could use 7%, we could all be a genius!
• Brain cell of a rat
Without Stimulation
With Stimulation
Ready for a memory test?
How did you remember?
Meaningful Organization
Memory is like a library
If you miss-file a book, You cannot find it.
It is still there and you may stumble across it one day.
Organize those thoughts!
File your books correctly.
Organize it.
Learn from the general to the specific
Make it meaningful
Remember the Magical Number 7?
Organize in Groups of 7 or Less
Visualization
Make a mental picture of what you want to rememberCommercials make good use of this technique
• Recitation
• One of the most powerful techniques• Memories exist in the form of a chemical neural trace• Some researchers think it takes 5 seconds to establish this trace• Repeat it 5 times or keep it in your mind for 5 seconds
READY FOR THE TEST AGAIN?
YOU’LL DO BETTER THIS TIME
More Memory Techniques
Develop an Interest
• We tend to remember what interests us
Can You Remember?
• Music • Sports• Hobbies• Styles
Find Something Interesting in Your College Studies
See the Big Picture
• Understand the main points first and the details second
Imagine trying to see a painting one inch at a time! It is difficult to
appreciate or understand.
“The essence of genius isknowing what to overlook.”
William James
Intend to Remember
• Tell yourself that you are going to remember.
Intend to remember where you put your keys!
Distribute the Practice
• Learn small amounts at a time• Review frequently
EXAMPLE:SAFMEDS
SAYALL
FASTONE MINUTE
EACHDAY
SHUFFLE
Create a Basic Background
• We remember by making connections to what we already know
• At first college is difficult because you are establishing the basic background
Relax While Studying
You can’t remember if you are embarrassed
Frustrated
Memory Tricks
Tired
Acrostics
• Creative rhymes, songs or poems
Musical Notes: Every Good Boy Does Fine
Acronyms
� Create New Words as Memory Aids
NASA
LASER
SCUBA
Exercise: Practice with Mnemonics
Peg Systems
One Bun Six Sticks
Two Shoe Seven Heaven
Three Tree Eight Gate
Four Door Nine lion
Five Hive Ten Hen
Zero hero
Picture the Peg
Bun
Connect what you want to remember. Use a picture.
Bun Milk
Exercise: Remember a Grocery List
Peg Systems
One Bun Six Sticks
Two Shoe Seven Heaven
Three Tree Eight Gate
Four Door Nine Lion
Five Hive Ten Hen
Loci Systems
� Use places to remember� A House� A Hallway
Can you strengthen your mind?
Exercises to Strengthen the Mind
• Puzzles• Music• Fix Something• Art• Dance• Aerobic Exercise• Interesting People
Keeping Your Mind Healthy
• Exercise• Rest• Balanced, low-fat diet• Eat proteins and carbohydrates• Drink caffeine in moderation• Don’t abuse drugs or alcohol• Use safety gear
Keeping Your Mind Healthy
� Exercise� Rest� Balanced, low-fat diet� Eat proteins and carbohydrates� Drink caffeine in moderation� Don’t abuse drugs or alcohol� Use safety gear
You can remember!
Part II: Read to Remember
Warm Up Your BrainCan You Remember the Grocery
List?
Peg Systems
One Bun Six Sticks
Two Shoe Seven Heaven
Three Tree Eight Gate
Four Door Nine Wine
Five Hive Ten Hen
Sum: Apply these super learning techniques
• Meaningful Organization• Visualization• Recitation• Develop an Interest• See the Big Picture First• Intend to Remember• Distribute the Practice• Create a Basic Background• Relax
Myths About Reading
If I read, I should remember what I read.
Generally people cannot remember 50% of of the material they have just read!
Myths About Reading
If I read, I should remember what I read. I do not need to read if I go to class.Practice makes perfect.
Thumb Exercise
Get Started with Skimming
• Quickly read preface or intro• Look at Table of Contents• Spend 5-15 minutes quickly looking over the
book• Notice the items at the back of the book
Exercise: Textbook Skimming
SQ4RA shortcut to college reading
Read onceInstead of Re-reading.
Recite for memory improvement
Step 1
SurveyQuestion
FAST
Why?
•Beginning of speed reading•Improves comprehension
How?• Quickly look over the chapter• Turn the subtitles into questions
Survey
• See the big picture• Ease into studying• Warm up• Create a basic background• Get started
Question
• Read to find answers• Improves reading comprehension• Forces you to concentrate
??
Keeps you awake
Become an Active Reader
Exercise: Survey and Question a Chapter
Step 2
Read
Recite
SLOW
FAST
This step is most important for
Memory
How?
Read to identifythe topic sentenceor main idea
Underline or highlight the idea if it is important.
When reading is tough
• Read it again• Look up new words• Read it aloud• Ask the instructor• Stand up and read• Use tutoring• Pretend you understand• Take a break and come back later
Read with a Dictionary
Use 3X5 cards to learn new words
Recite
FAST
• Most powerful memory technique• Converts information from short term to
long term memory• Keeps you alert
Step 3
Review
ReflectFAST
Why?
Reinforcesmemory
When?
Within 20Minutes!
Most of the forgetting occursin the first 20 minutes.
How to Review
• After each main section, review the main points
• At the end of the chapter, quickly review the main points one more time
• Do your review quickly
Reflection is the creative step
Reflection
• How can I use this?• What is important?• How does it relate?• How can I use it in my career?• Is it true?
A step beyond memorization is
Wisdom
REFLECT
Sum:SQ4R
1. Survey and Question2. Read and Recite3. Review and Reflect
Reading is a habit
Start good habits!
Reading Speed
Skimming (2000-3000 WPM)Rapid Reading (300-800 WPM)Slow Reading (150-300 WPM)Studying (200 WPM)
Gears of Reading
Guidelines for Marking a Text
A Mind Map for Marking a Text
BE SELECTIVE20%
“THE ESSENCE OFGENIUS IS KNOWINGWHAT TO OVERLOOK”
Marking
BE SELECTIVE20 %
WHY?
MEMORYSAVE TIME
“THE ESSENCE OFGENIUS IS KNOWINGWHAT TO OVERLOOK”
Marking
BE SELECTIVE20 %
WHY?
MEMORYSAVE TIME
GUIDELINES
READ FIRSTORGANIZE
NOTES IN MARGINBRIEFFAST AND NEAT
“THE ESSENCE OFGENIUS IS KNOWINGWHAT TO OVERLOOK”
Marking
BE SELECTIVE20 %
WHY?
MEMORYSAVE TIME
GUIDELINES
READ FIRSTORGANIZE
NOTES IN MARGINBRIEF
FAST AND NEAT
SYMBOLS 1 2 3
** *
“THE ESSENCE OF GENIUS IS KNOWINGWHAT TO OVERLOOK”
Marking
BE SELECTIVE20 %
WHY?
MEMORYSAVE TIME
GUIDELINES
READ FIRSTORGANIZE
NOTES IN MARGIN
BRIEFFAST AND NEAT
SYMBOLS 1 2 3
** *
“THE ESSENCE OF GENIUS IS KNOWINGWHAT TO OVERLOOK”
Marking
BE SELECTIVE20 %
WHY?
MEMORYSAVE TIME
GUIDELINES
READ FIRSTORGANIZE
NOTES IN MARGINBRIEFFAST AND NEAT
SYMBOLS 1 2 3
** *
“THE ESSENCE OF GENIUS IS KNOWINGWHAT TO OVERLOOK”
DOUBLE SYSTEM
1. UNDERLINE IN PENCIL2. HIGHLIGHT AS PART OF REVIEW
More Ideas on Text Marking
• Point out definitions by writing DEF in the margin. Circle the word being defined.
• Point out examples by writing EX in the margin
• Write SUM in the margin to point out useful summaries to reread.
Group Activity:Make a Mind Map
Use How Does the Memory Work?
Patterns of Organization are Keys to Understanding the Main Idea:
• Listing Pattern• Sequence Pattern• Definition Pattern• Comparison/Contrast Pattern• Cause/Effect Pattern
An Example of a Mind Map
The Listing Pattern Presents a List of Items
• Your task as a reader is to identify all items listed
• Watch for clues such as numbers or letters
Sequence Pattern
• Presents a list of items in a specific order. The order is important.
• As a reader, identify and mark all items in the series and note their order.
• Again clues are numbers or letters. • Notice words such as then, next, finally
Definition Pattern
• Presents an explanation of a term• As the reader, understand all parts of the
definition• Watch for words such as: is, is defined, this
term means, is known as, refers to
Cause/Effect Pattern
• Presents the reasons things happen (causes) and their results (effects)
• As a reader understand the cause and effect• For cause notice these words: causes,
produces, leads to, results in• For effect notice these words: results from,
was caused by, due to, consequently, therefore
Improve Reading Concentration
• Have a regular place to study and get in the habit of studying in this place
• Do not do anything else in this place• Eat, rest or watch TV some other place
Comparison/Contrast Pattern
• Presents similarities or differences• As a reader, recognize these similarities or
differences• For comparisons, notice these words:
similarly, likewise, also• For differences, notice these words:
however, in contrast, on the other hand, nevertheless
Deal with Mental Distractions
• Become an active reader• Be here now• Remind yourself of your purpose for reading• Deal with worry• Break the task into small parts
Keys to Success: Positive Thinking
You can improve your reading and your life with positive thinking!
Keys to Success: Positive Thinking
If you think you are beaten, you are.If you think you dare not, you don’t.If you like to win but think you can’t,It’s almost certain that you won’t.
Life’s battles don’t always goTo the stronger woman or man,But sooner or later, those who winAre those who think they can.
Exercises:Test Your College Reading Skills
Becoming An Efficient College Reader
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