Motivational Approaches

Anve s h Sha r m a

BY

What Is Motivation?

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Approaches Distinct Approaches

Behavioral Approach Humanistic Approach Modern Approach

OVERV IEW

What is Motivation?

• The word Motivation was Derived from the Latin word movere (meaning ‘to move’).

• Motivation is a decision making process, through which the individual chooses the desired outcomes & sets in motion the behavior appropriate to them.

Dis t i nc t APPROACHES

Approaches of MotivationThere are three distinct approaches to the motivational phenomena to ensure and boost worker productivity in the organization.

• The Stick or Authoritarian Approach

• The Carrot or Paternalistic approach

• The Carrot and Stick or Exchange approach

The Stick or Authoritarian Approach

• This approach represents the oldest or classical view which compels performance through threats of penalties for failure. The industrialist was a dictator. He believed that might is right. With stick in hand the manager controls his subordinates.

• During these periods workers were completely under the thumb of their masters, subject to arbitrary overtime, arbitrary punishment, arbitrary fines and arbitrary dismissal.

The Carrot or Paternalistic approach

• This approach suggests that employees should be treated in a fatherly way as if the business organization is a family and they are its dependent members. The employees are given rewards unconditionally.

• There is only carrot and no stick. The employers think that because of these rewards the employees will remain loyal and grateful and work hard.

The Carrot and Stick or Exchange approach

• This combined approach suggests that with the stick in one hand, the manager will extract work against the threat of penalty and with the carrot in another; he will induce the worker to work harder in the hope of good rewards.

• The carrot and a stick approach is essentially a penalty-reward approach. If the worker produces more, he is given a bonus and if he produces less, he is penalized.

Behavioral Approach

• Rewards are consequences of behaviors• Incentives encourage or discourage

behaviors

Humanistic Approaches

• Emphasis on personal choice• Needs• Self-actualization / Self-determination• Maslow’s hierarchy

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

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Maslow’s Need Theory (5 Levels)• Physiological needs– Basic needs like food & water

• Security needs– Need to produce a secure environment

• Love or social needs– Desire to be accepted by others

• Esteem needs– Being respected for accomplishments or capabilities

• Self-actualization– Desire to develop capabilities to fullest

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Modern Approach

Goal-setting theory• Notion of goal as a motivational force

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