Motivation to Include Dish Stirling CSP...Planned CSP Capacity per Technology 9 9226.9 2901 536 2334 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Parabolic Trough Solar Tower Linear Frisnel Dish Stirling

Motivation to Include Dish Stirling CSP Systems in RSA’s REFIT Programme

NERSA Public Hearing5 May 2011

1

5/9/2011 Copyright © Ennex Developments(Pty) Ltd., 2011

• Ennex Developments (Pty) Ltd is a Project Development Company focusing on the development of renewable energy, power generation and resource projects.

• Based in Centurion, Gauteng.

Who is Ennex Developments?

2


• We welcome the REFIT revision process since in our view it better serves the following objectives of the Electricity Regulation Act:– to promote competitiveness and customer and end user choice

– to facilitate a fair balance between the interests of all stakeholders

• NERSA revised the REFITs of only two CSP technologies and did not use the opportunity to consider the qualification and REFIT of dish Stirling technology, which is a well-recognized CSP technology that holds important advantages specifically for South Africa.

• We would therefore like to argue that it is important to consider the inclusion of dish Stirling technology in the first uptake of the REFIT programme.

Comments on Consultation Paper

3


Main CSP Technologies

4

Parabolic Trough Linear Fresnel Reflectors

Solar Tower Dish Stirling


Efficiency of Different CSP Systems

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

Parabolic Trough

Linear Frisnel Solar Tower Dish Stirling

Average efficiencies (%)

©FC Business Intelligence


As of July 2010 there were 32 CSP plants installed worldwide, totaling 921.18 MW

Installed Projects Worldwide

6

482.49

432.46

4.82 1.50

100

200

300

400

500

600

Spain USA Australia Germany

Total Installed Capacity per Country (MW)



Installed CSP Capacity per Technology

7

870.96

38 10.4 1.910

200

400

600

800

1000

Parabolic Trough

Solar Tower Linear Frisnel Dish Stirling

Total Installed Capacity per Technology (MW)



Total capacity of 89 planned plants in 16 countries comes to 14 GW

Planned Projects

8

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000Planned CSP Capacity per Country (MW)



Planned CSP Capacity per Technology

9

9226.9

2901

536

2334

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Parabolic Trough


Planned CSP Capacity per Technology (MW)



Planned/Installed Capacity Ratio per Technology

10

10.676.3 51.5

1222.0

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Parabolic Trough


Planned/Installed Capacity Ratio per Technology (MW)



• Smaller land requirement due to higher efficiencies (2.5 Ha/MW).

• Modularity enables uniquely scalable power sizes.

• Economy through mass production rather than economy of scale.

• Short construction times – 20 MW plant can be constructed in 10 months by team of 100 people.

• No water needed for cooling.

• No need for flat terrain – can be installed on rolling terrain.

• Low maintenance and operating costs.

• Flexible and simple installation using low skilled labour.

• More stable output than PV.

• Dual-axis tracking, which results in high utilization factor (± 32%).

Advantages of Dish Stirling Technology

11

All these translate into very attractive economics


Description of a Dish Stirling System

12

Stirling Engine

Parabolic Reflector

Dual-axial Drive

Electronics

Chassis


Two Types of Stirling Engines

13

Kinematic Free-Piston


Infinia’s FPSE Stirling Engine

14

• Mature– NASA, DOE, DOD

– Bosch, Rinnai, Merloni, Enatec

– Over million operating hours

• Robust– No life-limiting components

– 25 year service life

• Zero Maintenance– Helium working fluid

– Sealed unit

– No lubricants

Solar Radiation

Cold

Electrical Output


Heat Drive: 3 kW free-piston Stirlingengine with a dry cooling system

Reflector

AC Power Out

3 kW peak at 850 W/m2

24% net efficiency

Two-axis tracking

Zero-alignment optics

Closed-loop cooling system

Remote/unattended operation

Fully certified and grid-safe

No water for cooling

Bi-axial Drive Unit


Commercial Units – Casa Grande, Arizona


Designed With Installation in Mind


Heat Drive

Drive

Reflector

Chassis

Electronics

Kit Delivery


Ease of Installation

• Materials Delivered to Site• Packaged for Ease of Handling

©Infinia Corporation


• Basic Hand Tools• No Special Skills Required• 8 Man Hours Targeted for Unit Assembly

Ease of Installation



Ease of Installation• Assembled at Ground Level


Ease of Installation• No Mirror Adjustment



Ease of Installation• Simple Mounting• Minimal Connections



• 82MW under contract– Europe (Spain)

– India

– USA

• 400MW under MOU– China

– Europe

– USA

• 1.5GW indicative interest

Infinia’s Sales Pipeline

24


• US ExIm Bank has thoroughly evaluated the PowerDishtechnology and has given tacit approval to fund all PowerDishprojects.

• ExIm Bank funds about 75% of total project cost.

• Repayment Term: 18+ years.

• Standard minimum interest rate: 4.71 %.

• Small risk to investors, NO risk to SA Government.

Financing

25

http://www.exim.gov/index.cfm


• Ennex recently completed a feasibility study for a 20 MW Dish Stirling CSP plant in the Northern Cape.

• Site has been selected within close proximity to the substation.

• Land requirement, 50 Ha.

• Plant can be constructed in 10 months.

• No water for cooling required.

• Financial model based on 5 years’ measured solar data.

• Assumptions:– 17% return after tax

– 10% cost of debt

• REFIT comparable with the 2011 rate for PV of R 2.31

Proposed REFIT for Dish Stirling CSP

26


• Goal of thermal energy storage (TES) and hybridization: To increase the dispachability, stability and reliability of power from a CSP plant.

• Hybridization refers to the ability of a CSP plant to hybridize with an alternative energy source – fossil or renewable fuel.

• Although current dish Stirling systems do not lend itself to storage/hybridization the same effect can be achieved if dish Stirling plants are operated in conjunction with a gas fired power plant.

• This provides the same advantages as TES but without the disadvantages of an oversized solar field and the cost of the energy storage equipment.

• Ennex recommends that developers be given the opportunity to offer hybridization, including operation in conjunction with a gas fired plant, as an alternative to TES.

• Note: TES systems are being developed for dish Stirling systems that will offer 1-2 hours storage.

Thermal Storage and Hybridization

27


• Affordable

• Flexible

• Scalable

• Modular

• Reliable

• Available

Conclusion

28

Dish Stirling: A solution to large or small-scale CSP which is:

Not approving a REFIT for Dish Stirling systems in the first uptake of the REFIT programme will slow down the deployment of a very competitive fast growing CSP technology, that hold great advantages for South Africa.


Contact information

Dr. Gideon GreyvensteinDirector

Ennex Developments (Pty) Ltd.PO Box 66004, Highveld Park, 0169

South AfricaTel: +27 82 5583917Fax:+27 12 349 8425

email: [email protected]

www.ennex.co.za

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.ennex.co.za/

Motivation to Include Dish Stirling CSP...Planned CSP Capacity per Technology 9 9226.9 2901 536 2334 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Parabolic Trough Solar Tower Linear Frisnel Dish Stirling

Documents