Motion Cueing From Sensation to Sensibility Sunjoo Advani IDT WATS 2009 Orlando.

Motion Cueing

From Sensation to Sensibility

Sunjoo Advani

IDT

WATS 2009 Orlando

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Safety Issues

Piloting duties: Fly Navigate Communicate Organize

Handling skills must be maintained despite automation

Concerns of loss of skills retention: Short-haul pilots – 15 hours/year Long-haul pilots – 15 manual take-offs/landings; 30 minutes/year

The only place where skills can be retained is the FSTD

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Motion Feedback in Reality

“Motion”comes from many sources: Eyes Body Vestibular

From childhood, we learn to integrate these and use them to control self-motion

Each sensory path has its own dynamics: Vestibular & Body fast Peripheral visual slower Central visual slowest

Take away one, and other channels have to adapt

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Motion Research

Large body of research on flight simulator motion

Focus of research is on proper generation of cues

Some on transfer of training

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Flight Training Goals

Motion should support the training task

Bad motion must be avoided

Good motion contributes to correct responses

Today’s tests: Robotic test (what the system is capable of doing during operation) Subjective test (what the pilot thinks it’s doing during operation

This can lead to inconsistency

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Current Tests

Robotic Tests Frequency response

Leg balance

Transport delay

Turnaround

Functional Subjective Tests

There is NO objective testing of the total motion gain and phase

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High-pass / low-pass filtering

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High-pass / low-pass filtering

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High-pass / low-pass filtering

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Motion Drive Algorithm

FlightModel

High-Pass Translation

Low-Pass Translation

High-Pass Rotation

a/c linearaccels

a/c angularaccels

MotionSystem

Sim translationcommand

Simrotation

command

+

+

Each block contains many coefficientsthat determine response

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Motion Cueing Algorithms

Transfer Function of aircraft attitude to simulator attitude, Classical Washout

Short Period Nat. Freq. Small Heli

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Objective Motion Cueing Test

• Implemented in ICAO 9625• Enhance current practices. • Supported by analytical and experimental knowledge.• Easy to interpret.• Independent of the technology within the simulator.• Standardized analysis techniques and tools.• Acceptable to all major stakeholders

• Benefits to training:

1. Identify deficiencies (and show why)

2. Equalize motion simulation

3. Quantify motion cueing

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Objective Motion Cueing Test

MotionCueing

Algorithm

In the frequency range that pilots manually control, we need the simulator to respond with:

Relatively high gain

Relatively low phase

OMCT is END-TO-END test of motion cueing performance:

Motion Cueing Algorithm

Motion System Response (6 DOF)

Motion Transport Delay

OMCT bounds the acceptable gain and phase in End-to-End response

O M C T

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Objective Motion Cueing Test

Advani-Hosman Motion Criterion (1 rad/s to 2.5 X A/C)

Gain and Phase Distortion Boundaries

Natural Mode Small Transport

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Objective Motion Cueing Test

Motion Criterion Advani-Hosman (1 rad/s to 2.5 X A/C)

Gain and Phase Distortion Boundaries

Natural Mode, Large Transport

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The road ahead

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Status

Tests introduced in ICAO 9625

Need to define the criteria associated with tests

Define what is required to improve overall quality

Requires additional research – and YOUR support!

[email protected]

Breda, The Netherlands