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Mosquito ID: Adults
Mosquito Identification: Adults
With the increasing importance of mosquito-borne diseases in the
United States, identification becomes even more important than in
the past. However, identification guides are difficult to come by.
These pages offer a set of images and accompanying text produced by
the Centers for Disease Control for the generic identification of
mosquito adults. The images have been digitized by the Laboratory
for Environmental Biology from slides originally produced by the
CDC in the 1970s.
Users may view the slides and text online. Eventually, you will
be able to access it as a PDF file.
The slide set is designed to be presented in a specific order to
allow the building of the identification process: Slide 1. A link
at the bottom of each page will advance you to the next slide.
If,
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Mosquito ID: Adults
however, you wish to return directly to the section testing your
knowledge, you may go to slide 67.
Last update: 17 Oct 2004
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Slide 1
Slide 1
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Slide 2
Slide 2
Mosquitoes are insects belonging to the order Diptera - the true
flies.
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Slide 3
Slide 3
Diptera are characterized by the presence of well developed fore
wings. Hind wings are vestigial being represented by short, knobed
halteres.
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Slide 3
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Slide 4
Slide 4
Mosquitoes are included in the family Culicidae. The elongated
proboscis extending forward from the head and presence of scales on
the veins and borders of the wings distinguish mosquitoes from
other true flies
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Slide 4
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Slide 5
Slide 5
The size of mosquitoes varies widely among different genera. Do
not overlook those which seem to be "too large" or "too small" for
mosquitoes.
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Slide 5
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Slide 6
Slide 6
Genera of mosquitoes may be identified by observation of
external characters under low power magnification.
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Slide 6
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Slide 7
Slide 7
Genera of mosquitoes may be identified by observation of
external characters under low power magnification.
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Slide 7
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Slide 8
Slide 8
Extending forward from the head arc: the elongated proboscis, a
pair of maxillary palpi, and a pair of antennae.
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Slide 8
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Slide 9
Slide 9
The proboscis of the female, in all but one genus of mosquitoes,
is adapted for piercing and sucking blood.
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Slide 10
Slide 10
In the one genus in which females do not suck blood, the
proboscis is strongly curved downward.
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Slide 10
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Slide 11
Slide 11
Maxillary palpi occur on either side of the proboscis. The palpi
of female mosquitoes in all but one genus are very short; in that
genus the palpi are about as long as the proboscis.
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Slide 11
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Slide 12
Slide 12
Antennae are covered with whorls of hairs. Each antenna is
composed of 15 segments. The first is inconspicuous and is usually
disregarded. The second segment is a cup-like receptacle for the
next. A whorl of hairs is located at the base of each of the last
13 segments. In one genus, the antennae are much longer than
the
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Slide 12
proboscis. In the others, they are about the same length or
shorter than the proboscis.
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Slide 13
Slide 13
Sexes of mosquitoes are distinguished by the antennae. Those of
the males are quite bushy. Female mosquitoes have slender, almost
bare antennae by comparison. The identifying character described in
this slide set apply only to female mosquitoes.
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Slide 13
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Slide 14
Slide 14
Three main dlvlsions of the thorax are recognized: the prothorax
to which the front legs are attached, the mesothorax bearing the
wings and middle legs, and the metathorax bearing the hind legs and
halteres.
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Slide 14
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Slide 15
Slide 15
When examining the dorsal surface of the thorax these structures
are seen in different perspective. The upper surface of the
mesothorax is most prominent. It is composed of three parts, the
largest and most anterior of which is the mesonotum or scutum.
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Slide 15
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Slide 16
Slide 16
The narrow portion forming the posterior edge of the mesonotum
is the scutellum. This structure is either tri-lobed or has an
evenly rounded shape.
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Slide 17
Slide 17
Immediately behind the scutellum is the postnotum. This appears
to be attached to the abdomen but actually is situated between
sclerites of the metathorax and is part of the mesothorax.
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Slide 17
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Slide 18
Slide 18
The thorax has many characters used in mosquito identification.
Presence or absence, and arrangement, of hairs or bristles on the
sides of the thorax are important taxonomic characters. The
prespiracular bristles in front of the mesothoracic spiracle and
the post-spiracular bristles behind it are especially important.
The prespiracula bristles are sometimes called spiracula
bristles.
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Slide 18
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Slide 19
Slide 19
The color of scales on the thorax and the patterns formed by
them are helpful in identifying some genera and species of
mosquitoes.
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Slide 19
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Slide 20
Slide 20
The abdomen of female mosquitoes has eight visible segments. The
tip of the abdomen may be either pointed, or rounded and blunt. The
paired cerci projecting beyond the last segment are part of the
female terminalia, more noticeable in the pointed abdomens.
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Slide 20
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Slide 21
Slide 21
Characters on wings and legs are important in identifying
mosquitoes.
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Slide 21
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Slide 22
Slide 22
Study the venation and nomenclature of the mosquito wing in the
material given. Note that the veins and morg of the wings are
covered by scales which sometimes form characteristic patterns. The
longitudinal and cross-veins have specific names. In one genus, the
second or subcostal wing vein has a row of bristles near its base
on the ventral side.
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Slide 22
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Slide 23
Slide 23
Mosquito legs are composed of five parts: the coxa, which is
attached to the thorax; the trochanter; femur; tibia; and tarsus.
The tarsus, or foot, consists of five segments. The relative size
of the tarsal segments and the presence of long erect scales on the
hind tibiae are sometimes used in identification.
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Slide 23
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Slide 24
Slide 24
Learn all of these basic morphological characters well. Correct
identification of mosquito genera depends upon thorough familiarity
with them.
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Slide 24
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Slide 25
Slide 25
Some genera of mosquitoes are easily determined by specific,
outstanding characteristics.
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Slide 25
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Slide 26
Slide 26
Females of the genus Anopheles, unlike all other genera of
mosquitoes, have palpi as long as the proboscis. They also have an
evenly rounded scutellum, a structure which is trilobed in most of
the other genera.
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Slide 26
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Slide 27
Slide 27
In life, the resting position of Anopheles is characteristic.
Note that Anopheles rest with the head, thorax, and abdomen in a
straight line. Other mosquitoes assume a position with the head at
an angle to the rest of the body.
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Slide 27
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Slide 28
Slide 28
Toxorhynchites has a very bizarre appearance. Members of this
genus are larger and more brilliantly colored than any other
mosquitoes.
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Slide 28
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Slide 29
Slide 29
In this genus, mosquitoes have a proboscis which curves downward
sharply, unlike all other mosquitoes.
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Slide 29
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Slide 30
Slide 30
Uranotaenia, by contrast, are very small mosquitoes with bluish
iridescent scales in rows or patches.
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Slide 31
Slide 31
Uranotaenia may be distinguished from all other genera of
mosquitoes by the very short second marginal wing cell. Note that
it: is less than half as long as its stem. Such a stem, or stalk,
is called a petiole.
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Slide 31
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Slide 32
Slide 32
Wyeomyia may be recognized by the tuft of hairs or setae on the
postnotum.
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Slide 32
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Slide 33
Slide 33
Another character useful in determining Wyeomyia is the
longitudinal stripe on the side of the abdomen. This is formed
where the dark dorsal scales meet the white ventral scales.
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Slide 33
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Slide 34
Slide 34
The remaining eight mosquito genera may be divided into two
groups on the basis of the shape of the tip of the abdomen.
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Slide 34
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Slide 35
Slide 35
In two genera, Aedes and Psorophora, the tip of the abdomen is
pointed. The remaining genera, which have blunt or rounded
abdomens, are Orthopodomyia, Mansonia, Deinocerites, Culex,
Culiseta, and Coquillettidia.
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Slide 35
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Slide 36
Slide 36
Aedes and Psorophora, the genera with with pointed abdomens, may
be distinguished from each other by the location of the bands or
lateral patches of pale scales on the abdomen segments, and by the
presence or absence of prespiracular bristles, not pointed out on
the illustrations of these genera in this slide set.
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Slide 36
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Slide 37
Slide 37
In the genus Aedes, a band or patch of pale scales occurs at the
base or anterior end of the abdominal segment; also no
prespiracular bristles are present.
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Slide 37
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Slide 38
Slide 38
Abdominal segments of Psorophora have the bands or patches of
pale scales located apically, or posteriorly; prespiracular
bristles are present. In some members of this genus, the hind
tibiae have long, erect scales.
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Slide 38
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Slide 39
Slide 39
The other genera may be further divided into two groups. One
group has comparatively broad, light and dark wing scales
distributed over the entire wing. The other group usually has long
narrow wing scales. But if the broad scales do occur on the outer
part of the wing, they are all dark. In a few cases pale scales may
be present on the
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Slide 39
anterior wing veins.
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Slide 40
Slide 40
Note here that wing scales are quite broad. Mansonia,
Orthopodomyia, and Coquillettidia have these broad varicolored wing
scales.
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Slide 40
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Slide 41
Slide 41
Orthopodomyia may be distinguished by the delicate lines on the
mesonotum and the very short fourth tarsal segment on the front
pair of legs.
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Slide 41
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Slide 42
Slide 42
Coquillettidia has a white ring on the hind tibia and no
postspiracular bristles.
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Slide 42
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Slide 43
Slide 43
Mansonia, on the other hand, has no ring of pale scales on the
hind tibia and post-spiracular bristles are present.
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Slide 43
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Slide 44
Slide 44
The other three genera, Deinocerites, Culex, and Culiseta, have
narrow wing scales.
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Slide 45
Slide 45
Deinocerites has antennal segments which are characteristic.
Note that the second segment of the antenna is at least as long as
the next two segments and the antennae are much longer than the
proboscis.
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Slide 45
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Slide 46
Slide 46
Culiseta may be distinguished from Culex mainly by the presence
or absence of prespiracular bristles.
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Slide 47
Slide 47
Culiseta has prespiracular bristles. In all but two rare
species, the cross veins arising from the 4th wing vein are
separated by a distance less than the length of either cross vein,
and the subcosta wing vein has a row of bristles basally on the
ventral side, a character not shown in this slide set.
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Slide 47
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Slide 48
Slide 48
Culex does not have prespiracular bristles. Note also that the
cross veins arising from wing vein four are separated by a distance
greater than the length of either cross vein; in addition, the
subcosta wing vein does not have a row of bristles.
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Slide 48
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Slide 49
Slide 49
We have seen that the 12 genera of mosquitoes can be identified
by easily observed characters.
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Slide 50
Slide 50
Four genera, Anopheles, Toxorhynchites, Uranotaenia, and
Wyeomyia may each be recognized by a single outstanding character
not possessed by other genera of mosquitoes.
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Slide 50
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Slide 51
Slide 51
Anopheles has palpi as long as the proboscis.
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Slide 52
Slide 52
Toxorhynchites has a long curved proboscis.
Next
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Slide 53
Slide 53
In Uranotaenia, the second marginal cell of the wing is less
than half long as its stem, or petiole.
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Slide 53
Next
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Slide 54
Slide 54
Wyeomyia has a hair tuft or setae on the postnotum.
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Slide 55
Slide 55
The other genera may be placed in one of two groups according to
the shape of the tip of the abdomen. Aedes and Psorophora have
pointed abdomens. Orthopodomyia, Mansonia, Deinocerites, Culex,
Culiseta, and Coquillettidia have blunt abdomens.
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Slide 55
Next
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Slide 56
Slide 56
Aedes may be distinguished from Psorophora by location of white
bands or lateral patches on the abdominal segments. In Aedes they
are basal; in Psorophora they are apical. Don't forget that Aedes
has no prespiracular bristles, while Psorophora does have them
present.
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Slide 56
Next
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Slide 57
Slide 57
The genera with blunt abdomens may be further separated into two
groups by using the size of wing scales. Orthopodomyia, Mansonia,
and Coquillettidia have broad, light and dark wing scales.
Deinocerites, and Culiseta usually have narrow wing scales.
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Slide 57
Next
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Slide 58
Slide 58
Orthopodomyia may be distinguished from Mansonia and
Coquillettidia by the pattern on the mesonotum or scutum. Scales on
the mesonotum of Orthopodomyia form a definite pattern of delicate
white lines, while the dark and light scales on the mesonotums of
Mansonia and Coquillettidia do not form a definite pattern.
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Slide 58
Next
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Slide 59
Slide 59
Deinocerites can be distinguished from Culex and Culiseta by the
long second antennal segment and by the unusually long antennae. In
the other genera the second segment is about a long as the third
and the antennae are no longer than the proboscis.
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Slide 59
Next
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Slide 60
Slide 60
The last two genera, Culiseta and Culex may be differentiated by
the presence or absence of prespiracular bristles. Culiseta has
prespiracular bristles. Culex does not. In most species of Culiseta
the cross veins arising from wing vein four are close together. In
Culex they are widely separated. Likewise, Culiseta has a row of
bristles on the subcosta wing vein and Culex does not.
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Slide 60
Next
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Slide 61
Slide 61
You will now have a chance to recall the distinguishing
characters of the different genera. Remember that you must follow a
definite procedure or the scheme of identification may not work
accurately.
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Slide 61
Next
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Slide 62
Slide 62
Consider first if the mosquito belongs to one of the genera with
a unique character. Anopheles, Toxorhynchites, Uranotaenia, or
Wyeomyia.
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Slide 62
Next
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Slide 63
Slide 63
Next see if the tip of the abdomen is pointed or blunt.
Next
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Slide 64
Slide 64
Two genera have abdomens pointed: Aedes and Psorophora. The
remaining genera have blunt or rounded abdomens: Orthopodomyia,
Mansonia, Deinocerites, Culex, Culiseta, and Coquillettidia.
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Slide 64
Next
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Slide 65
Slide 65
If the tip of the abdomen is blunt, then examine the wing
scales.
Next
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Slide 66
Slide 66
Remember, the genera with blunt abdomens can be separated into
two groups by using the relative size of the wing scales.
Orthopodomyia, Mansonia, and Coquillettidia have broad, pale and
dark wing scales. Deinocerites, Culex, and Culiseta have all or
most wing scales narrow.
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Slide 66
Next
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Slide 67
Slide 67
Now, the different genera of mosquitoes will be pictured on the
following frames. Arrows indicate the diagnostic characters. Try to
determine the genus before the answer is given.
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Slide 67
Next
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Slide 68
Slide 68
Next
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Slide 69
Slide 69
Toxorhynchites the only genus of mosquitoes with a curved
proboscis.
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Slide 69
Next
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Slide 70
Slide 70
Next
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Slide 71
Slide 71
Aedes, the abdomen is pointed and the bands or lateral patches
of pale-scales on abdominal segments arc basal in position.
Remember in this genus prespiracular bristles are absent.
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Slide 71
Next
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Slide 72
Slide 72
Next
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Slide 73
Slide 73
Deinocerites, with blunt abdomen, the long second antennal
segment permits easy identification.
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Slide 73
Next
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Slide 74
Slide 74
Next
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Slide 75
Slide 75
Coquillettidia belongs in the group with blunt abdomens and to
the subgroup with broad wing scales. It is distinguished from its
close relative by the white band on the hind tibia and absence of
post-spiracular bristles.
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Slide 75
Next
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Slide 76
Slide 76
Next
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Slide 77
Slide 77
Wyeomyia, setae on the postnotum permits immediate
identification. The longitudinal stripe on each side of the abdomen
is also characteristic.
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Slide 77
Next
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Slide 78
Slide 78
Next
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Slide 79
Slide 79
Psorophora, the other mosquito with a pointed abdomen, is
usually distinguished from Aedes by the apical white bands or
patches on the abdominal segments and the presence of prespiracular
bristles.
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Slide 79
Next
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Slide 80
Slide 80
Next
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Slide 81
Slide 81
Culex, blunt abdomen, narrow wing scales. The absence of
prespiracular bristles separates this genus from Culiseta. Note the
widely separated cross veins.
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Slide 81
Next
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Slide 82
Slide 82
Next
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Slide 83
Slide 83
Uranotaenia - the short second marginal cell of the wing
distinguishes this genus from all others.
Next
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Slide 84
Slide 84
Next
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Slide 85
Slide 85
Culiseta, abdomen blunt - wing scales narrow. The presence of
prespiracular and subcostal wing vein bristles distinguish Culiseta
from Culex. In most species the cross veins are close together.
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Slide 85
Next
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Slide 86
Slide 86
Next
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Slide 87
Slide 87
Orthopodomyia has a blunt abdomen and broad wing scales. The
delicate lines on the mesonotum and the short fourth tarsal segment
on the foreleg are characteristic.
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Slide 87
Next
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Slide 88
Slide 88
Next
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Slide 89
Slide 89
Anopheles - no other mosquitoes have palpi as long as the
proboscis.
Next
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Slide 90
Slide 90
Next
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Slide 91
Slide 91
Mansonia also belongs to the group with blunt abdomens and to
the subgroup with broad wing scales. It is distinguished from its
close relative by having no subapical pale band on hind tibia and
by the presence of postspiracular bristles.
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Slide 91
Next
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Slide 92
Slide 92
This is the end of the slide set.
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Local DiskMosquito ID: Adults Slide 1 Slide 2 Slide 3 Slide 4
Slide 5 Slide 6 Slide 7 Slide 8 Slide 9 Slide 10 Slide 11 Slide 12
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