Moshe Dayan_new

My Military Leader My Military Leader

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Moshe Dayan (1915-1981)Moshe Dayan (1915-1981)

ContentsContents

1. Introduction2. Civil Life3. Military Career4. Political career5. Death and legacy6. Conclusion7. Questions

IntroductionIntroduction Moshe Dayan, was an Israeli military leader and politician. The fourth Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces (1953–

1958). He became a fighting symbol to the world of the new State of

Israel. He went on to become Defense Minister and later Foreign

Minister of Israel. Moshe Dayan was an Israeli military warrior who became a

crusader for peace. He was skilled in both battle and diplomacy. He played a key role in four wars, but also helped negotiate

the historic Israeli-Egyptian peace treaty.

Civil LifeCivil Life Moshe Dayan was born on May 20, 1915 in Kibbutz Degania Alef

near the shores of Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee) in pre-Mandate Palestine.

His parents were Shmuel and Devorah, Jewish immigrants from Ukraine.

He attended the Agricultural School Nahalal. He studied science at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Ruth Dayan, his first wife, divorced Moshe in 1971 after 36 years

of marriage due to his numerous extramarital affairs.They had one daughter Yael Dayan, and two sons Assi Dayan ,Ehud Dayan.

He began his military career in 1937. he learned guerrilla warfare tactics from British Capt.

Orde Wingate, the leader of special night patrols organized to fight Arab rebel bands.

These patrols formed the nucleus of the later Israeli army. His organizing of the Haganah, an illegal military force in

British-occupied Palestine, resulted in his arrest and imprisonment from 1939 to 1941.

After his release he served with British forces during World War II.

While in combat in Syria, he lost his left eye. The black patch he wore thereafter became a distinguishing trademark.

Military CareerMilitary Career

In May 1948, Israel achieved its independence. He commanded the defense of Jewish settlements in the

Jordan Valley. He later commanded the battalion that attacked the city of

Lydda and helped halt Egyptian forces on the southern front.

In August 1948, he was appointed commander on the Jerusalem front.

In 1949, he participated in armistice talks with Jordanian officials at Rhodes.

Dayan's military prowess allowed him to rise to the rank of chief of operations at General Headquarters in 1952, and, in 1953, he was elected Chief of Staff of the armed forces.

Dayan became Chief of Staff during a time of severe Arab belligerence.

Despite the military armistice of 1949, the surrounding Arab nations remained hostile, maintaining a maritime blockade, reinforcing an economic boycott, promoting political and propaganda warfare and supporting terrorism in Israel.

The Israeli government was unable to contain the terrorist violence.

Dayan insisted on strong retaliation operations. His view was that the Arabs saw terrorism as a stage of

war, and the longer the terrorist attacks continued, the longer the Arabs had to build up their military strength.

Under Dayan's command, the Israeli military launched raids in Gaza and other retaliatory missions, causing heavy casualties to the Egyptians, Syrians, and other Arab populations.

On October 29, 1956, Dayan led Israel's Suez campaign, an invasion of the Sinai Peninsula after Egypt, Syria and Jordan signed a pact stating as their goal the destruction of Israel.

Dayan left the military in 1958 and entered his second career.

It was Dayan who held military sway in the 1956 Suez Crisis.

He attacked Egypt and reached the Suez Canal and the mouth of the Gulf of Aqaba in less than one week.

Such military success earned him legendary status in Israel.

His skill in organising and preparing the army for speedy attacks was seen again in 1967 in the Six-Day War.

In this war, Dayan assumed that the Arab nations would attack Israel.

Rather than wait to be attacked, he attacked them.

June 5th 1967, Dayan had been appointed Minister of Defence becouse of the success of the Six-Day War was such that he held this political position until 1974.

He oversaw the attacks by the Egyptian forces in the Yom Kippur War of 1973.

Political CareerPolitical Career He joined Israel's Labor Party, Mapai, and was elected to

the Knesset in 1959. He served as Minister of Agriculture in the government

of David Ben-Gurion from 1959 until 1964. In 1964, Dayan resigned as Minister of Agriculture after

an argument with new Prime Minister Levi Eshkol and joined Ben-Gurion in forming a new party called Rafi (Alliance of Israel's Workers).

One year later, Dayan was reelected to the Knesset representing Rafi, which later rejoined the Labor Party.

He was appointed Minister of Defense under Levi Eshkol just in time for the Six-Day War in 1967 against Egypt, Jordan and Syria.

When the Syrians were shelling Israeli villages in Upper Galilee, Dayan was the one who made the decision to launch a full-scale attack against the Syrians.

It was also Dayan who ended the fighting by arranging a cease-fire with Syria through Chief of Staff of the UN Observer Corps, General Odd Bull.

Dayan was seen as "a solo performer, partly admired, partly feared for his political stunts.

June 5th 1967, Dayan had been appointed Minister of Defence becouse of the success of the Six-Day War was such that he held this political position until 1974.

Six Day War (1967)

Dayan kept his position as Defense Minister when Golda Meir of the Labor Party succeeded as Prime Minister in 1969.

Yom Kippur War began catastrophically for Israel on 6 October 1973.

Egyptian President Anwar Sadat launched a surprise attack against Israel.

On Yom Kippur, October 6, 1973, Egyptian armies crossed the Suez Canal, moved anti-aircraft missiles into the canal area, and waged war on Israel.

Israeli losses were high and Israel had too short a supply of equipment to conduct a prolonged war.

Yom Kippur War (1973)

Israel had been unprepared for the surprise attack and unable to repulse it quickly.

The nation’s lack of preparation was blamed on Defense Minister Dayan and an outraged public demanded his resignation.

The president of the Supreme Court set up a commission to investigate the performance of generals during the war.

The commission recommended the resignation of the Chief of Staff, but reserved judgement on Dayan.

After attending a military funeral at which bereaved parents had called him a murderer of their sons, Dayan submitted his resignation to Meir in 1974.

Dayan was "loath to close his life story marked by the events of the Yom Kippur War,” and, in 1977, newly elected Likud Prime Minister Menachem Begin gave him a second chance by offering him the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Although Dayan was from the opposition Labor Party, he accepted the appointment because he believed, "I could significantly influence Israel's moves towards achieving a peace arrangement with our neighboring Arab States and with the Palestinian inhabitants of Judea and Samaria and the Gaza Strip

In May 1977, Dayan began negotiating with the Egyptians. As lead negotiator, Dayan began with the premise of receiving an Arab acceptance of Israeli rule over Judea, Samaria and Gaza, in exchange for a return of Sinai to Egypt.

He negotiated for 18 months, and held secret meetings with officials in India, Iran, England and Morocco.

His style is described as acting "alternately with dash and deliberation, advancing and stalling, vacillating between surprising compromises and inexplicable intransigence.” With help from U.S. president and mediator Jimmy Carter, Dayan met with the Egyptians first at Leeds Castle and later at Camp David.

Eventually, a peace agreement, the Camp David Accords, was drawn up and signed at 11 p.m. on Sunday September 17, 1978.

In 1979, Dayan resigned as Foreign Minister. Dayan and Begin disagreed about the building of

settlements in the territories and Dayan was frustrated by the fact that he was not leading the autonomy talks with the Palestinians.

Dayan also felt that he was increasingly being bypassed on foreign policy issues.

In 1981, he formed the Telem party, which advocated unilateral disengagement from the territories occupied in 1967.

The party received only two mandates in the subsequent elections.

Death and Legacy On May 14, 1979, Dayan was diagnosed with colon

cancer. He died on October 16, 1981, in Tel Aviv and was buried in Nahalal, the moshav where he was raised.

During his life, Dayan wrote four books:

Diary of the Sinai Campaign (1966), Mappah Hadasha-Yahasim Aherim (1969) Story of My Life (1976) A Personal Account of the Egypt-Israel Peace Negotiations (1981).

ConclusionConclusion Dayan was a complex character; his opinions were never

strictly black and white. He had few close friends; his mental brilliance and

charismatic manner were combined with cynicism and lack of restraint.

Questions?Questions?

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