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MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

May 27, 2018

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Page 1: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

MOS LayerMOS Layer

Page 2: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

MOS LayerMOS Layer

• MOS design is aimed at turning a specificationMOS design is aimed at turning a specification into masks for processing silicon to meet the specificationspecification. 

• We have seen that MOS circuits are formed on four basic layers n diffusion p diffusiqnfour basic layers‐n‐diffusion, p‐diffusiqn, polysilicon, and metal, which are isolated from one another by thick or thin (thinox) siliconone another by thick or thin (thinox) silicon dioxide insulating layers.

Page 3: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

Mask Layout (Print this presentation in colour if possible, otherwise highlight colours)

• Circuit coloured mask layer layout

C l d i k di k i• Coloured stick diagram mask representation

• Lambda and layout design rules

• Mask layout of nMOS and CMOS inverters

• Mask layout of CMOS circuits (examples)Mask layout of CMOS circuits (examples)

• Reading & understanding mask layout  (exercises)

Page 4: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

nMOS transistor mask representation

gatesource

polysilicon

drainsource

metal

Contact holes

diffusion (activeregion)

Page 5: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

Mask layout & coloured stick diagram notation

Silicon layers are typically colour coded as follows :

diffusion (device well, local interconnect)( , )polysilicon (gate electrode, interconnect)metal (contact, interconnect)contact windowsdepletion implantP well (CMOS devices)

This colour representation is used during mask layer definition

Translation from circuit format to a mask layout (and vice‐versa) is relatively straightforward

Page 6: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

Layer contact mask layout representation

A transistor is formed when device well is crossed by polysilicon. Device well oxide : thin gate oxide

Metal contacting polysilicondiffusionpolysilicon metal 

Metal contacting diffusion contact windowsdepletion implantP well

Metal crossing polysilicon (no contact, electrically isolated 

Metal contacting diffusion (no contact, electricall isolated 

g p y ( , ywith thick oxide and so can carry separate voltages) 

g ( ,with thick oxide)

Page 7: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

Transistor mask layout representation

A transistor is formed when device well is crossed by polysilicon. Device well oxide : thin gate oxide

Enhancement mode transistor (Vth ≈ 0.2Vdd )

Depletion mode transistor (extra well implant to provide Vth ≈ ‐0.6Vdd )

diffusionpolysilicon metal contact windowsdepletion implantP well

Page 8: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

CMOS Inverter Mask Layout (using Microwind)

diffusionpolysilicon metal contact windowsdepletion implantP well

Use file>colors>white background

Page 9: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

diffusionpolysilicon metal contact windowsdepletion implantP well

Page 10: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

CMOS AN2 (2 i/p AND gate) Mask Layout

diffusionpolysilicon metalmetal contact windowsdepletion implantP well

Page 11: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

Layout Design rules & Lambda (λ)

Lambda (λ) : distance by which a geometrical feature or any one layer may stay from any other geometrical feature on the same layer or any other layerfrom any other geometrical feature on the same layer or any other layer. All processing factors are included plus a safety margin.

λ used to prevent IC manufacturing problems due to mask misalignment p g p gor exposure & development variations on every feature, which otherwise could lead to :

• over‐diffusion• over‐etching• inadvertent transistor creation etc

λ i th i i di i hi h b t l d d th iliλ is the minimum dimension which can be accurately re‐produced on the silicon wafer for a particular technology. 

Page 12: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

Layout Design rules & Lambda (λ)

Minimum photolithographic dimension (width, not separation) is 2λ. Hence, the minimum channel length dimension is 2λ. Where a 0 25μm gate length is quoted λ is 0 125 microns (μm)Where a 0.25μm gate length is quoted, λ is 0.125 microns (μm).

Minimum distance rules between device layers, e.g., • polysilicon↔metalpolysilicon ↔metal  • metal ↔metal• diffusion ↔ diffusion and • minimum layer overlaps 

are used during layout

Layout design rule checker (DRC) automatically verifies that no design rules have been broken

N t h th f L bd i t ti l b t t d iNote however, the use of Lambda is not optimal but supports design reuse

Page 13: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

Layout Design rules & Lambda (λ)Lambda based design: half of technology since 1985. As technologychanges with smaller dimensions, a simple change in the value of λ canbe used to produce a new mask set.

λ6λ

Hcmos6 technology : λ=0 2µm2λλ

Hcmos6 technology : λ=0.2µmHcmos8 technology : λ=0.1µm

All device mask dimensions are based on multiples of λ, e.g., polysilicon minimum width =  2λ. Minimum metal to metal spacing = 3λ

Page 14: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

Basic design rules

2mA

• Minimize spared diffusion• Use minimum poly width (2λ) •1 contact = 1mA

•Multiply contacts

Page 15: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

Basic design rulesBasic design rules

Width of pMOS should be twice the width of nMOS

• Same N and P alters symmetry  • L min• Wpmos=2 Wnmos 

Page 16: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

nMOS transistor mask representation (See stick diagram next slide)for comparison

gatesource

polysilicon

drainsource

metal

Contact holes

diffusion (activeregion)

Page 17: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

nMOS transistor coloured stick diagram representation

polysilicon

metal

Contact holes

diffusion (activeregion)diffusion

polysilicon metal contact windowscontact windowsdepletion implantP well

Page 18: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

For reference : an  nMOS Inverter coloured stick diagram

* Note the depletion mode device

diffusionpolysilicon  Note the depletion mode devicemetal contact windowsdepletion implantP well

Vdd = 5V

P well

VoutVgspu= 0 (always) Tpu  Vthpu≈ ‐3V     (Tpu always on since Vgs=0)

out

Vin Tpd  Vthpd≈ +1V (enhancement mode device, off at 0V)

Page 19: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

Page 20: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

Simplify by deleting connections provided for interconnecting cell (additional pads and output metal rails)rails)

Page 21: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

CMOS Inverter coloured stick diagram

diffusionpolysiliconpolysilicon metal contact windowsdepletion implantP well

Page 22: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

Stick diagram ‐> CMOS transistor circuit

Vdd = 5V Vdd = 5V

VoutVinVoutVin

pMOS

MOSnMOS

I i fi d i k di f MOS i d l ( MOS i d l fIn practice, first draw stick diagram for nMOS section and analyse (pMOS is dual of nMOS section)

Page 23: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

Static CMOS NAND gate

Page 24: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

Static CMOS NOR gateStatic CMOS NOR gate

Page 25: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

Static CMOS Design Example Layout

Page 26: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

Layout 2 (Different layout style to previous but same function being implemented)

Page 27: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

Steps in translating from layout to logic circuit

1.  Try to simplify mask layout diagram by removal of  extended metal and polysilicon linespolysilicon lines

2. First draw coloured stick diagram for nMOS section and analyse All nMOS transistor nodes which connect to GND terminal are SOURCE   

dnodes

3. Since the pMOS section is the dual of the nMOS section, draw the pMOS stickdiagram and confirm the outcome of step 2.g pAll pMOS transistor nodes which connect to Vdd terminal are pMOS   SOURCE  nodes

Page 28: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

Exercise : Draw coloured stick diagram and logic circuit for this CMOS mask layout

Page 29: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

Layout Design RuleLayout Design Rule

Page 30: MOS Layer - Dronacharyaggn.dronacharya.info/ECEDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/Mtech/SemII/... · MOS Layer • MOS design is aimed at turning a specification ... CMOS Inverter Mask Layout

Double metal single poly CMOS Process