Mortality Section - Ingham County, Michiganhd.ingham.org/Portals/HD/data book (mortality) JS v2.pdfIn Michigan infant mortality trends have slightly declined from 7.6 deaths per 1000

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InghamCountyHealthSurveillanceBook2015

Mortality Section

InghamCountyHealthSurveillanceBook2015Mortality-3

Datelastupdated:

Refreshcycle:

Introduction

Whenapersondies,deathdataiscompletedbyfuneraldirectors,attendingphysicians,med-icalexaminersandcoroners,thenreportedondeathcerti�icatesandcompiledbytheStateVitalSta-tisticssectionoftheMichiganDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices.ThisreportisbasedonthedatacompiledbytheStateofMichigan.

ThissectionofthereportpresentsdataondeathpatternsinInghamCounty,Michiganandifavailable,datafromtheCityofLansingfortheyears2004to2014.InfantmortalityandAdultdeathdataareanalyzedandplottedintotablesandgraphsforsingleanda10yearstrend.Totalnumbers,deathrates,deathtrends,byselectedcharacteristicssuchasage,sex,raceandethnicoriginsarein-cluded,aswellascausesofdeath.Singleyeardataisfor2014andtrendsarefortheyears2004to2014.

Analyzingdeathdatahelpsinunderstandingthecausesofdeathandvariationsacrosspop-ulationgroupscandirectustobetteraddresssocialdeterminantsofhealthandallocateresourcesaccordingly.•OveralltheUnitedStateshasseenadropinage-adjusteddeathratesforallcausesofdeathsinbothmalesandfemalesfrom2004to2014.Maledeathratesdroppedby12%andfemaledeathratesdroppedby11%.(1).

DataSourceforthefollowingsection:

MichiganResidentDeathFiles2004-2015

MichiganResidentLinkedBirthandDeathFiles2004-2015

MichiganResidentBirthFiles2004-2015


Datelastupdated:May2017

Refreshcycle:annually

Infant Mortality

Infantmortalityisabasicmeasureofcommunityhealthandisde�inedasthedeathofaninfantbeforethe�irstbirthday.Ithasbeenamainconcernofpublichealthandwas�irstrecognizedin1912intheUnitedstatesbyes-tablishingtheFederalChildren'sBureau.Infantmortalityisusedalsoasacrudeindicatorforcommunityhealthstatusandothersocialdeterminantsofhealthsuchassocio-economiclevels,availabilityandqualityofhealthservices.

IndicatorExplanation

Infantmortalityratecomparesthetotalnumberofinfantswhodiebeforetheir�irstbirthdayinacertainyear,to1000livebirthsinfantsbornthatsameyearandinthesamegeographicarea.Infantmortalityisusedalsoasacrudeindicatorforcommunityhealthstatusandothersocialdeterminantsofhealthsuchassocio-economiclev-els, availability and quality of health services. This indicator is used for comparisons across geographic areas,populations and time periods. The compiled data is analyzedand used in needs assessments, allocation of re-sources,andtheimpactofpublichealthprogramstodecreaseinfantmortality.

KeyFindings

InMichiganinfantmortalitytrendshaveslightlydeclinedfrom7.6deathsper1000livebirthsin2004to6.8per1000in2014.

LansinginfantmortalityrateswerehigherthanMichiganandInghamCountyratesformostofthetimeperi-odbetween2004-2014peakingto10.4per1000birthsin2008andcomingtoalowof5.8per1000in2011.InghamcountyrateshavebeenconsistentlylowerthanMichiganratesformostofthistimebetween2005-2012;rates�luctuatedduringthatsametimeframewithalowest4.3inpeakin20138.6.

Morethantwicetheinfantdeathshappenintheneonataltime(�irst28daysoflife)comparedtopostneona-tal(after28daysto�irstbirthday)

In2014Michiganinfantmortalityrateper1000birthswasalmost3timeshigheramongBlackcomparedtoWhiteinfants,13.7comparedto5.3;thistrendgaphasbeengraduallynarrowingintheyearsfrom2004to2014.

Figure1.Annualinfantmortalityratebygeographicarea,

2015

Figure2.Infantmortalityratebyageatdeath,2013-2015




Infant Mortality

Figure3.Infantmortalityratebyraceandgeography,

2013-15

Figure4.Three-YearMovingAverageInfantDeathRatesamongAllInfants,InghamCounty,MichiganResidents,2004-

2015




Infant Mortality

Figure5.Three-YearMovingAverageInfantDeathRatesamongWhiteInfants,InghamCounty,MichiganResidents,2004-

2015

Figure6.Three-YearMovingAverageInfantDeathRatesamongAllInfants,InghamCounty,MichiganResidents,2004-2015




Adult Mortality

Adultmortalityisthedeathsofpeopleage15yearsorolderbasedondeathcerti�icatesdatathatiscompiledbyde-mographicandmedicalcharacteristics.Thedataincludedinthefollowingsectionsprovideinformationonmortali-typatternsamongresidentsoftheUnitedStates,StateofMichigan,InghamCountyandLansingCity.

IndicatorExplanation

Adultmortalityindicatorsinthissectionincludesuchvariablesasage,sex,Hispanicorigin,race,stateofresidence,andcauseofdeath.Mortalitydatacanbeusedtomonitorandevaluatehealthstatusonthebasisofmortalitylevels,trendsandsegmentsofthepopulationwhomaybeatagreaterriskofdeathfromspeci�icdiseasesandinjuries.Ra-cialandethnicvariationsinmortalitypatternscanhelpunmaskcertainriskfactorsassociatedwithsubpopulationgroups.Ageadjusteddeathratesareusedinordertoneutralizetheeffectofhavingoneagegroup(seniorsforex-ample)dominatingonegeographicarea,thusleadingtomoreoveralldeaths,comparedtoanotherarea.

KeyFindings

Therewere2105totalnumberofdeathsinInghamcountyfortheyear2014.

ThenumbersofdeathsinInghamCountyhavebeenrisingslowlysince2004mostlyduetoanagingpopulation.Theageadjusteddeathratewhichaccountsfortheagingpopulationwas774.6downfrom818.9in2004.

Theageadjusteddeathratetrendhasslowlygonedownwardfrom2004to2014inMichiganandInghamCoun-ty.InghamcomparestoMichiganoveralltrendbutthecityofLansinghasaconsistentlyhigherandincreasedfrom904.35o954.2between2004and2014.

Signi�icanceandlimitations

Inthepastmortalitydatabasedondeathcerti�icateswastheonlywaytoassessthequalityofhealthcaredeliverysystems,butnotwithoutitslimitations.Citingcancer,healthattacksandcausesofaccidentswasmorecommonlynotedondeathcerti�icatesthanotherpotentialcausessuchasChroniclowerrespiratorydisease,diabetesandstroke,Thatcausessomedatalimitationsfromunder-reporting.

Recentdevelopmentinscienceandabilitytodevelopasystemforvitalsignsallowhealthprofessionalstodrawamoreaccuratefollowuponhealthprogress.Thisledtotherecommendationthattheperformanceofthehealthcaresystembemeasuredonthebasisoffourdomainsforaccesstohealthcare:

Table1.2014DeathnumbersandratesUnitedStates,Mich-

igan,InghamCountyandLansingCity

Geography Number Rate

UnitedStates 2,626,418 724.6

Michigan 93,526 781.6

InghamCounty 2,105 774.6

LansingCity 973 954.2

HealthyPeople

QualityCare

AffordableCare

EngagedPatients.

(2)htpps://www.scienti�icamerican.com/article/u-s-deaths-drop-for-leading-causes/




Adult Mortality

Figure7.Trendsinage-adjusteddeathrates(2004-2014)Michigan,InghamCountyandLansingCity.




Adult Mortality

LeadingCausesofDeath

AccordingtotheCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention,since2005thedeathratehasdeclineforallleadingcausesofdeathexceptsuicide.TheFiveleadingcausesofdeathinInghamCountyin2015wereheartdiseases,followedbycancer,thenchroniclowerrespiratorydiseases(COPD),accidentsandstroke.

KeyFindingsontrends(2004-2014)

AlmosthalfofthedeathsinInghamCounty(45%)areassociationwithsomeformofcardio-vasculardiseaseleadingtoheartattacks.

Oneinevery�ivecausesofdeathcanbeattributedtoamalignantcauseofdeathorcancer.

Preventablecausesofinjuriesaccountedforalmostone�ifthofalldeathinInghamCountyin2014.

Chroniclowerrespiratorydiseasecauseofdeathwasreportedfor8%oftotalin2014.forage-adjusteddeathrates.

Oneintwentydeathwasreportedasstrokerelated.

Only2percentofthedeathwerereportedascommunicablediseasessuchasHIV,activetuberculosisandothers.

KeyFindingsontrends(2004-2014)forgenderandracialdisparitiestrends(2004-2014)

Theage-adjusteddeathratesforblackwerealmosttwiceasmuchaswhitesallthroughtheyears.

Theage-adjusteddeathrateswereconsistentlyhigherformalesthanfemales

KeyFindingsontrends(2004-2014)forLeadingCausesofDeath

Thetrendsforheartdisease,strokeandcancerrateshavegonedownwardinallgeographicareasincludingtheLansing.

ThetrendsfordiabetesrateswererelativelystableinInghamCountyandMichiganbutrisinginLansing

Ratesforchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(COPD)alsoknowasChroniclowerrespiratorydisease,wasstableinMichiganbutthevariableinInghamCountyandLansing

Deathratesforunintendedinjurieshavedippedin2010inInghamCountybutfollowedtheStateofMichi-ganandCityofLansingupwardtrendssincethen

Deathratesfromintendedselfharm(suicide)havebeenslowlyincreasinginInghamCountyandMichigan;dataforLansingwasnotavailableforthatindicator




Adult Mortality

Figure9.Trendindeathrateduetocancer(age-adjusteddeath)inMichigan,InghamCounty,andLansingCity,2004-2015

Figure8.Trendindeathrateduetoheartdisease(age-adjusteddeath)inMichigan,InghamCounty,andLansingCity,2004-2015




Adult Mortality

Figure11.Trendindeathrateduetostrokes(age-adjusteddeath)inMichigan,InghamCounty,andLansingCity,2004-2015

Figure10.Trendindeathrateduetodiabetesage-adjusteddeath)inMichigan,InghamCounty,andLansingCity,2004-2015




Adult Mortality

Figure12.TrendindeathrateduetoCOPD(age-adjusteddeath)inMichigan,InghamCounty,andLansingCity,2004-2015

Figure13.Trendindeathrateduetounintentionalinjury(age-adjusteddeath)inMichigan,InghamCounty,andLansingCity,2004-2015




Adult Mortality

Figure14.Trendindeathrateduetointentionalself-harm/suicide(age-adjusteddeath)inMichigan,InghamCounty,andLansingCity,

2004-2015

Figure15.TrendindeathrateduetoAlzheimer’s(age-adjusteddeath)inMichigan,InghamCounty,andLansingCity,2004-2015

Mortality Section - Ingham County, Michiganhd.ingham.org/Portals/HD/data book (mortality) JS v2.pdfIn Michigan infant mortality trends have slightly declined from 7.6 deaths per 1000

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