Morpholino Oligos: Making Sense of Antisense? Based on the review of Janet Heasman Division of Developmental Biology, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio Developmental Biology 243, 209–214 (2002) 22.06.2022 Genie Genetique – Sebastian König and Sebastian Olényi
Morpholino Oligos are an interesting technique to silence Genes. Learn more about their usage and potential.
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11.04.2023 Genie Genetique – Sebastian König and Sebastian Olényi
Morpholino Oligos: Making Sense of Antisense?
Based on the review of Janet HeasmanDivision of Developmental Biology, Children’s Hospital Medical Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio
Developmental Biology 243, 209–214 (2002)
11.04.2023 Genie Genetique – Sebastian König and Sebastian Olényi
Overview
• Downregulating gene expression helps understanding their functions
• Most of the experiments are done to understand embryonic development
• Morpholinos are synthetic, usually 25 bases long, with a different sugar-structure
• Typical model organisms: zebrafish, African clawed frog, sea urchin, chick and mice.
11.04.2023 Genie Genetique – Sebastian König and Sebastian Olényi
Structures
11.04.2023 Genie Genetique – Sebastian König and Sebastian Olényi
Principle
“DGI reliably achieves >90% knockdown of gene expression”
11.04.2023 Genie Genetique – Sebastian König and Sebastian Olényi
Advantages
• Equal or higher efficacy and specificity greatly superior to any other antisense structural type
• Morpholinos do not activate the complement cascade or the interferon system and are not degraded
• Excellent solubility and stability• Working at high concentrations is possible• No need for RNase H to ensure their activity
11.04.2023 Genie Genetique – Sebastian König and Sebastian Olényi
Disadvantages
• Completely artificial molecule, so no vectors possible
• Delivery usually only via microinjection or electroporation
• Not always high effects, uncertain amount of downregulation
• Side-effects for high dosage, oligo-dependent
11.04.2023 Genie Genetique – Sebastian König and Sebastian Olényi
Application
• 25mers, Little self-complementarity (less than 4 contiguous intrastrand base pairs)
• Less than 36% guanine content• No runs of more than triplets of GGG• Concentrations between 1 and 12μM• 2-4 days effectiveness• Controls with
– mRNA rescue experiments– Two different morpholinos directed to different gene parts
with same effect– Other over- and/or underexpression studies
11.04.2023 Genie Genetique – Sebastian König and Sebastian Olényi
11.04.2023 Genie Genetique – Sebastian König and Sebastian Olényi