En La La La La La Micro Mori nteropa hyd aboratory of aboratory of aboratory of aboratory of aboratory of obiology and inga ol athogen drophyl f Hydrobiol E f Hydrobiol E f Hydrobiol f Hydrobiol f Hydrobiol d Biotechno Ca eifera S nic Esc la Cells Claire St ogy and En -mail: mcla Chreti ogy and En E-mail: lont Olive V ogy and En E-mail: n Lucienne ogy and En E-mail: lu Pa ogy and En E-mail: na Anto ology Labor ameroon. E- 13 Seeds E cherichi s in Aq tephane Me nvironment, airestephane ien Lontsi D nvironment, tsichretien@ V ivien Noah nvironment, noahewoti@ e Marlyse M nvironment, umou2000@ aul Alain Na nvironment, anpaul4life@ oine Tamsa A ratory, Sain -mail: tamar J Extract ia coli quatic M etsopkeng University e@yahoo.co Djimeli University @yahoo.com h Ewoti University @yahoo.fr Moungang University @yahoo.fr ana University @yahoo.fr Arfao nt Jerome Ca rfao@yahoo Journal of A Activi and Ae Microco of Yaounde om of Yaounde m of Yaounde of Yaounde of Yaounde atholic Univ o.fr Applied Biote ISSN 2 2019, Vol. http://jab.macr ity on eromon osm e 1, Camero e 1, Camero e 1, Camero e 1, Camero e 1, Camero versity of D echnology 2327-0640 7, No. 2 rothink.org as oon oon oon oon oon Douala,
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for EPEC anried from 7li, the lowe30 g/L, referent. Thesogical treatm
ocosm, Mo
Journal of A
(IRAD), Yao
UMR CNRSce
clermont.fr
r)
of Yaounde
hed: August
b.v7i2.1491
vival of Aeroe of M. oleifer 4 °C andradually witowth was soells inhibitiovaried fromEPEC and And at 15 g/L4.04 to 99.9est and thespectively. se results s
ment of pota
oringa oleif
Applied BioteISSN 2
2019, Vol.
http://jab.macr
aounde, Cam
S 6023, Uni
e 1, Camero
7, 2019
17
romonas hydifera aqueoud 23 °C incth the increometimes non percentag
m 13.2 to 96A. hydroph
L for A. hyd9% and tho
e highest CIn bispeci
show the pable water.
fera seeds
echnology 2327-0640
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meroon
iversité
oon
drophila us seeds cubation easing in noted. In ges (CIP) 6%. The hila. The drophila. ose of A. CIP were ies cells potential
extract,
1. IntroIn mostrelated around quality (UN/Wrecommnegativare not by planseveral show th(WHO indigencamaraenvironinhibitinReed, 2
The bioalternatcultivatvegetab(Prabhuvarious disorder2010).
Phytochphosphosuch asvariety alkaloid& Hartm
Seed porivers. Tactive cAzbaia,are genisothiocallows informaM. oleifto many
oduction t regions arto populatithe world. Tto satisfy t
WWD, 2006;mended. The effects onalways with
nt extracts astudies repo
hat over 80%2002). Hu
nous populaa, Cymbogonnment (Adring effect w
2014).
ological tretive or integted species bles. All paru et al., 201
health cors, tubercul
hemical anaorous, iron,
s β-caroteneof polyphen
ds are believman, 2015).
owder has bThe floc concationic pol, 1988). Thenerally negacyanates, w
the growthations relatefera on the y species. A
round the wion increaseThese situattheir daily ; WHO, 201hese could n health, or hin the reac
are also proported on the% of Africanundreds of ation (Tamsan citratus anana et al., 2
with respect
eatment of grated soluti
of the genrts of the M11; Kuete, 2onditions, slosis, and in
alyses have , vitamins Ae, vitamin Cnols and phved to be re.
been indicatntained in thlyelectrolyteese positiveatively char
which couldh and dev
ed to the impbacterial gr
Also, the im
word, and Ae. Unfortuntions obligeneeds whic
17a; 2017b)be chemicafiltration an
ch of the poposed (Adr
e antimicrobn and Asianplant spec
a Arfao et and Hibiscus
2007). In theto certain p
water usinion for the
nus MoringaMoringa tree
2017). Morsuch as skntestinal wo
shown thatA and D, esC, and flavohenolic acidesponsible fo
ted as very he seeds or ces with a mely charged prged. In adbe an anti
velopment pact of the vrowth are av
mpact of env
15
Africa in panately, potabe the populach exposes ). To remedal treatmennd boiling. opulations. Ariana et al.,bial propertin householdcies can beal., 2013). Fs rosa-sinene same way,pathogenic g
ng seeds oimprovemea, and its yare edible a
ringa is usekin infectioorms (Saira
t M. oleiferssential amionoids (Bends as well afor the effec
effective incakes is a ba
molecular wpolypeptide
ddition, the imicrobial of planktovarious convailable, whvironmental
J
articular, heble water i
ation to reliethem to m
dy this situatnt of water,Some of thAlternative 2007; Weaies of plantsds use medice used for For examplnsis present Eucalyptusgerms in aq
of Moringa ent of wateryoung seedand have lo
ed worldwidons, anemiaam, 1999; F
ra is a rich ino acids, annett et al., s flavonoidts of the pla
n clarifying asic polypepeight betwees neutralize
seeds conagent (Cacnic microo
ncentrationshether cells l temperatur
Journal of A
e increasings unavailab
ed on water microbiologition, several, of which ese methodmethods of
athers & Rs (Sunda et acinal plants therapeutic
e, aqueous a bactericid
s microcorysquatic micro
oleifera cquality. It pods and
ong been conde in traditia, cholera, Fuglie, 2001
source of pas well as k
2003; Mbiks, glucosinoant (Ferreira
polluted anptide, more een 6 and 1e colloids intain 4L-rhaeres, 1991)
organisms i of aqueousare in mono
re on this pl
Applied BioteISSN 2
2019, Vol.
http://jab.macr
g need for ble in most sources of d
ical contaml solutions athe residu
ds are laborif water disi
Reed 2014).al., 2008). S to treat thec purposes extracts of Ldal effect in
ys extract shocosm (Wea
could constis the mostleaves are
onsumed by ional medic
fever, res1; Mahmoo
potassium, cknown antiokay, 2012).olates, and pa et al., 200
nd dirty waspecifically
17 KDa (Jahn murky waamnosyloxy). The cultin the wats extract of ospecies or lant extract
echnology 2327-0640
7, No. 2
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water is regions
doubtful minations are often ues have ious and nfection In fact,
Statistics emselves
by the Lantana
n aquatic owed an
athers &
titute an t widely used as humans
cine, for spiratory od et al.,
calcium, oxidants, A wide possibly
08; Stohs
ter from y a set of hn & Al aters that y benzyl ivability ter.Little seeds of belongs
t activity
against maintenSteinweaqueousenterop
2. Mate1.1 Sam
The seelocalityregion iThe climseason (M’bian
The seefor 2 mweighed10, 15, were asuccesssecondl
2.2 Bac
The bahydrophas indic2011). Tand EnisolatedDextrin(Holt etProtoco
ExperimThe secextract used. W
For thedefrostenutrientcentrifusolutionbacteriaBacteria
microorgannance energeg et al., 20s extract of
pathogenic E
erials and Mmpling and P
eds of Moriy is at latituis characterimate is Sudof 3 to 4
ndoun et al.
eds of Morimonths and d and then 20, 30, 40 gdjusted at
sively whatly and the M
cteria Strain
acterial cellhila strains.cator of micThe enterop
nvironment d from groun agar culturt al., 2000)ol
ments were cond was dconcentrati
With each gr
e first seriesed at room t broth (Oxugation (800n. The sedial suspensioa concentrat
nisms is lessgy demand 008; Allisonf seeds of MEscherichia
Methods Preparation
inga oleiferde 10°35′27ized by the dano-Sahelimonths. Pr, 2002).
inga oleiferaremoved fmixed with
g/L.Homog7 using N
tman filter Millex memb
ns and Cell’
ls consider They were
crobiologicapathogenic Eof Centre
undwater inre medium. . Cells were
done in 2 done using ion for eachroup being m
s, prior to ttemperatur
xford) and i00 rpm for ment was t
on was adjution of the o
s documenteand reduce
n et al., 201M. oleiferacoli cells in
n of Moring
ra were col7″ North, loclayed-san
ian, characterecipitation
a were harvfrom their hh sterile distenized extra
NaOH and paper firs
brane of 0.2
’S Suspensio
red were eselected be
al quality ofE. coli straiPasteur (Can Yaounde Both strain
e then stored
series. Thecells of b
h series ofmade up of
the experimre. The culincubated a10 min at 1then diluted
usted to a deoriginal susp
16
ed. Higher e carbon us10). The aima on the cun aquatic m
ga oleifera S
llected in Mongitude 14ndy and sanerized by ais fairly lo
vested, driedhull. They tilled water.acts was lefHCl soluti
stly, nitroce22µm poros
ons
enteropathogecause of thef water usedin was provameroon, Cusing mem
ns cells wered in glycero
e first was dboth bacteri
experiment3 glass flas
ments, a frozlture (300 μat 37 °C for10 °C) and d in 10 mLensity of 0.5pension was
J
environmene efficiencym of this stu
ultivability omicrocosm, u
Seeds Extrac
Maroua (Ca4°18′57″ Eandy-loamy sa dry seasonow with an
d at laboratowere then . The conceft to settle foions and thellulose mesity thirdly (
genic Escheir high impd for consumvided by theCentral Afrmbrane filtre then identiol at -15 °C
done using ial species t, 2 groups ks. zen vial coμL) was thr 24 hours.washed twi
L of sterile 5 Mac Farlas about 108 C
Journal of A
ntal tempery (Devêvre udy was to aof Aeromonunder 4 °C a
ct
meroun, Ceast and at 40soils (Martinn of 8 to 9 mn annual av
ory at a temcrushed anntrations coor 5 minutehe supernaembrane of(Rodier, 200
herichia coportance andmption (Lace Laboratorica). A. hydration methified using b for later us
cells of onunder consof glass fla
ntaining eahen transfer
Cells wereice with steNaCl solut
and (BaCl2 CFU/ml. Af
Applied BioteISSN 2
2019, Vol.
http://jab.macr
ratures can & Horwáth
assess the imnas hydrophand 23 °C.
entral Afric06 m altitun & Segalenmonths andverage of 8
mperature (2nd the powonsidered ws. The pH s
atant filteref 0.45μm 09; APHA,
oli and Aerd strong occcasse, 2004ry of Microdrophila str
hod and Ambiochemicase.2.3 Exper
ne bacterial sideration. asks A and
ach cells strrred into 10e then colleerile NaCl (tion. Homoand of H2Sfter dilution
echnology 2327-0640
7, No. 2
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increase h, 2000; mpact of hila and
ca). This de. This n 1966).
d a rainy 800 mm
23±2 °C) der was
were 1, 5, solutions ed using porosity 2012).
romonas currence ; WHO,
obiology rain was mpicillin l criteria rimental
species. At each B were
rain was 0 mL of ected by (8.5 g/L) ogenized O4 1%).
n, 1ml of
the celconcentthat the
The samon the sbetweentemperasimulatusually 4 °C, an
Analysefor E. cfor 24 hthen coof samp
For the108 CFUAfter dconcentabove f
2.4 Dat
The varaccordinillustrat(Weathe
N0 = nCFU/10The Spconsidethe testversion
3. Resu3.1 Tem
When edifferenvaried fregister129.7×1
lls suspenstrations of control con
mples were tstudies carrin a bacteriaature incubae the ambieused to incu
nd those of
es were carroli and A. h
hours (Marcounted. The ple.
e second serU/mL for ea
dilution, 100trations (1, following th
ta Analysis
riations of cng to the cted by histers & Reed,
number of C00 mL after pearman coered paramet H of Krus16.0 progra
ults and Dismporal Varia
enteropathognt extract cofrom 224.4red at the c103 to 0.92
sion was seeds extracntain is 2× 1
then incubaied out by W
al cell and thation 4 °C aent temperaubate or stogroup B we
ried out usihydrophila. chal et al., 1bacterial d
ries of expeach cells spe0 µL of the5, 10, 15,
he same prot
cell abundaconcentratiotograms. Th, 2014; Edim
CFU/100 mincubation
orrelation teeters. The cskal-Wallis am.
scussion
ation of Cel
genic E. coloncentration8×103 to 3
concentratio×103 CFU/1
added to ct solutions108 CFU/ml
ted for 6houWeathers anhe plant extand 23 °C wature in more bacterial ere incubate
ing Endo anPetri dishes1991; APHAensity was e
eriments, becies. 100 µLe cells susp20, 30, 40 tocol. The e
nces (N ) aon of the exhe CIP wema et al., 20𝐶𝐼𝑃
mL before ain a given
est "r" has omparison and U of M
ll Abundanc
li cells werens varied fr.58 ×103 C
on 10 g/L, 100 mL the
17
the glass s filtered as l.
urs. The incund Reed (20tract, a metawere chosenost househostrains. The
ed at 23 °C.
nd Ampicills were then A, 2012), aexpressed i
bacteria concL of E. coli
pension wasg/L) of see
experiment
as well as cxtract of Moere calculat010): 𝑁 𝑁𝑁adding the condition inbeen used
between baMann With
ces
e the only cerom 500×10
CFU/100 mLand the higlowest abun
J
flasks conindicated ab
ubation per014), whichabolic intera. The tempe
olds in the e glass flask
in Dextrin aincubated a
and the colon Colonies
centration oand the sam
s added to eds extract was perform
cells inhibitioringa oleifted accordi
100
seeds extran the seeds
d to assess acteria abunney. This a
ells species i03 to 0.92×L (Figure 1ghest at 1gndance was
Journal of A
ntaining 10bove. The r
iod of 6h wah indicated tactions resuerature of 23equatorial r
ks of group A
agar culture at 44 °C andny formingForming U
of original sme of A. hydr
the tubes csolutions f
med in tripli
ion percentafera at eachng to the
act solutionextract soluthe relatio
ndances weranalysis was
in solutions103 CFU/10). The low
g/L. At 23 registered a
Applied BioteISSN 2
2019, Vol.
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00ml of dreally conce
as considerethat after 3hult is observ3 °C was chregion, andA were incu
media respd 37 °C respg units (CFUUnits (CFU)/
suspension drophila wercontaining dfiltered as inlicate.
tages (CIP) h temperatufollowing
n; Nn = nuution of M. oonship betwre carried os done usin
, their abun00 mL. At
west abundan°C, it variat the conce
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different entration
ed based h contact ved. Two hosen to
d 4 °C is ubated at
pectively pectively Us) were /100 mL
of about re mixed. different ndicated
after 6h ure were formula
mber of oleifera.
ween the out using ng SPSS
dance in 4 °C, it nce was ed from entration
30 g/L,extract)
When A500×10(Figure 1g/L. Aregistercontrol
In the pcases thHoweve(Figure that E. compar
When cunder 4from 13concentat 5g/L abundanabundancell abumarkedcase whA. hydr(Figure
and the hi) was 500×1
A. hydrophil03 to 11×10
1). The lowAt 23 °C, itred at the c(solution w
presence of hat cell abuer, a slight 1). It was acoli cells ab
red to those
cells of the 4 °C varied f31.6×103 totration 40 g/and 1g/L f
nce was regnces were rundances ded regrowth ohen cells belrophila were
1).
ighest at 1g103 CFU/10
la cells wer03 CFU/100 west abundat varied fromconcentratiowithout seed
f A. hydrophundances d
regrowth oalso noted atbundances arecorded at
2 bacterial from 179.4 o 0 CFU/10/L for both E
for E. coli agistered at thecorded at 1ecreased graof E. coli walonging to oe sometime
g/L. Cells c0 mL at 23
e the only cmL. At 4°
ance was regm 394×103
on 15 g/L, ads extract) w
hila and entecrease graof E. coli wt each extracas well as tht 23 °C (Fig
species we×103 to 0 CF00 mL (FiguE. coli and A
and A. hydrohe concentra1g/L for botadually withas noted at thone species ws relatively
18
concentratio°C and 4 °C
cells species°C, it variedgistered at th to 11×103
and the higwere 500×10
teropathogeadually withwas percepct concentrathose of A. hgure 1).
ere present FU/100 mLure 1). TheA. hydrophiophila, respation 40 g/Lth E. coli anh increasinghe extract cowere used, E
y lower at 4
J
ons in the cC, respectiv
s in solutiond from 434he concentrCFU/100 m
ghest at 5g/03 CFU/100
enic E. coli h increasingtible at theation in eachhydrophila
simultaneoL. That of A. e lowest abuila. The highpectively (FL for E. colind A. hydropg seeds extroncentrationE. coli cells°C compar
Journal of A
ontrol (soluvely.
ns, their abun×103 to 20ation 15 g/LmL the lowL. Cells co
0 mL.
cells, it wag seeds ext
e extract coh of the incuwere relativ
ously, the abhydrophilaundance wahest abundaigure 1). Atand A. hydrphila (Figurract concentn of 20 g/L. abundance
red to those
Applied BioteISSN 2
2019, Vol.
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ution witho
undance vari0×103 CFU/L, and the h
west abundaoncentration
as observed tract concen
oncentrationubation temvely higher
bundance oa under 23 °Cas registere
ances were rAt 23 °C, therophila. There 1). In mo
ntration. HowIn contrast
es as well as e recorded a
echnology 2327-0640
7, No. 2
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ut seeds
ied from /100 mL ighest at
ance was ns in the
in most ntration.
n 40 g/L mperature, r at 4 °C
f E. coli C varied
ed at the recorded e lowest e highest st cases, wever, a with the those of
at 23 °C
Figuremonosp
that
e 1. Variatiopecies cellst of A. hydro
n in E. coli s incubationophila in mo
abundance n condition (onospecies
incuba
19
with respec(A) and bispcells incuba
ation condit
J
ct to the conpecies cells ation condition (D)
Journal of A
ncentration incubation
tion (C) and
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of seeds excondition (
d bispecies
echnology 2327-0640
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xtract in (B), and cells
3.2 Cell
The ceparametspecies the impspecies
At 4 °CThose oat the eregisterUnder 2hydrophrecordeCIP val
When bhighest 5 g/L awhereasand A. h100% fo
ls Inhibition
ells inhibititers (concepresent). S
pact of the astudied.
C when one sof A. hydropextract concred at the ex23 °C incubhila varied fed at the extrlue was regi
both cells sp(100%) CIP
and 40 g/L. s the higheshydrophila
for both cell
n Percentag
ion percententration of imilarly, thaqueous ex
species of cphila varied centration 1xtract concebation, the from 21.2 toract concentistered at 5g