More Than a Model: The Golden Gate Bridge at 1:80 Scale Sylvester T. Black Engineer, Robert Silman Associates Princeton University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering June 21, 2012
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More Than a Model: The Golden Gate Bridge at 1:80 Scale
Sylvester T. Black Engineer, Robert Silman Associates
Princeton University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
June 21, 2012
More Than a Model
Dimensions:
• Main span 52.5 ft • Side span 14.1 ft • Arch 4.1 ft • Total Length 85 ft • Tower Height 9.3 ft
More Than a Model
Loads:
• Self weight • Wind • Seismic • Corrosion • Pedestrians
More Than a Model
• Gravity Load Analysis Sylvester Black Thesis 2009
• Wind Load Analysis Gavin Daly Thesis 2010
• Seismic Load Analysis Michelle Lau Thesis 2012
More Than a Model
Loads:
• Self weight • Wind • Seismic • Pedestrians • Corrosion
More Than a Model
1:80 Scale Steel Prototype -- “Teenage Load Test”
More Than a Model
Loads:
• Self weight • Wind • Seismic • Pedestrians • Corrosion
Materials & Fabrication
Materials & Fabrication
Stainless Steel Duplex 2205: • More corrosion resistant than SS316 • Stronger & more stiff than Aluminum • Cheaper & easier to fabricate than Titanium
Materials & Fabrication
Water-Jet Cutting • Lessons learned from the
Candela exhibition
Materials & Fabrication
Materials & Fabrication
Materials & Fabrication
Water-jet cutting • Lessons learned from the
Candela exhibition
Connections:
A Multi-Variable Optimization Problem
Connections- An Optimization Problem
Criteria: • Normal service loads • Highly concentrated, extreme-
event loads • Machinable Material • Corrosion- Resistant Material • Easy to assemble • Easy to maintain
• Adjustability
Connections- An Optimization Problem
Criteria: • Normal service loads • Highly concentrated, extreme-
event loads • Machinable Material • Corrosion- Resistant Material • Maintain Suspender straightness • Easy to assemble • Easy to maintain
• Adjustability
• NO LARGER THAN A MARBLE!
Connections- An Optimization Problem
Public Works for Public Learning- Applications
Takeaway Points for PWPL
“Large Model” Projects:
Public Works for Public Learning- Applications
1. Not a model of the Golden Gate Bridge…
- A Bridge that looks like the Golden Gate
2. If you build it, they will climb:
Public Works for Public Learning-Applications
3. Set a clear hierarchy of goals:
Lifespan (public use/abuse, corrosion, maintenance) Aesthetic precision: Which ideas are most important to communicate?
Public Works for Public Learning-Applications
4. Not all “Large Models” are the same…
Consider geometry of the real structure when selecting a scale to model it at.
1:80 scale model of Golden Gate Bridge
Deck-Suspender-Cable connection
• Cable band
• Suspenders
• Cable clamps & separators • Swaged or threaded connection
• Balancer/Assembly tools
__________________________ • Permutations of components
Cable Band
• 3 Types, ½”- ¾” length • Attach cable band in-shop • Length & height reduced • Final design to conform to
suspender size
1:80 scale model of Golden Gate Bridge
1:80 scale model of Golden Gate Bridge
Deck-suspender connection
• Current design items: • Smaller suspender spacing • Adjustability in-field • Eliminate galvanic conflicts
• Alternate solution: Reduce rod
diameter
1:80 scale model of Golden Gate Bridge
Deck-suspender connection
• Balancer component • Designed for wire rope • Modify for rods
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