10/8/14 1 An Introduction to the Invertebrates (part…4?!) Annelida & Nematoda Reference: Chapter 33.3, 33.4 More Relationships SAR clade Archaeplastida Unikonta Excavata Slime molds Tubulinids Entamoebas Nucleariids Fungi Choanoflagellates Animals Lophophorates: Phyla Ectoprocta and Brachiopoda Characterized by a lophophore, a crown of ciliated tentacles around their mouth Lophophorates have a true coelom Two lophophorates we haven’t talked about yet: phyla Ectoprocta and Brachiopoda Lophophorates: Phyla Ectoprocta and Brachiopoda Phylum Ectoprocta (also called bryozoans) Sessile colonial animals that superficially resemble hydrozoans- but have lophophore instead of “feeding tentacles” A hard exoskeleton encases the colony, and some species are reef builders Lophophorates: Phyla Ectoprocta and Brachiopoda Phylum Brachiopoda Superficially resemble clams and other hinge-shelled molluscs BUT the two halves of the shell are dorsal and ventral rather than lateral as in clams- and they have a true lophophore for filter feeding Brachiopods are marine and attach to the seafloor by a stalk Lophophore Phylum Annelida (“little rings”) Annelids are segmented worms Bodies are composed of a series of fused rings Annelids are true coelomates The Phylum Annelida is divided into two Classes Polychaeta (polychaetes) Clitellata Subclass Oligochaeta (earthworms and their relatives) Subclass Hirudinea (leeches)
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v Most species of leeches live in fresh water; some are marine or terrestrial
v Leeches include detritivores, predators of invertebrates, and parasites that suck blood
v Parasitic leeches secrete a chemical called hirudin to prevent blood from coagulating § Once used in blood-letting – not such a good idea. § Now important in treating certain injuries