Proteins Monomer Examples &
Function Structure Molecular Shape
Proteins
Contains N and some have S,
along with C, H, O
_______ bonds link _______ _______
into chains called ________.
H-‐bonds cause a protein to
_______ into a certain shape.
__________ makes each amino acid
unique. ________=unfold=bad
Functions: § Hormones
w ___________ among body systems
w Insulin (hormone that controls blood
sugar levels)
§ Movement w Muscle and cell movements
w _________ and _________ in
muscles § Immune system w Identify self
and non self substances
w _____________ on cell surfaces §
Enzymes
w Lower activation __________ of
chemical reactions (energy needed to
start reaction)
w _________ (digestive enzymes in
stomach)
Primary:
Secondary: Helices & pleats
Tertiary: 3-‐D structure
Quaternary: Final complex shape
The wrong amino acid can
change the structure and
function
Carbohydrates Monosaccharide
à
Disaccharide
à
Polysaccharide Structure
Function
Quick energy
Structure
Function
Source of monosac-‐charides
Structure
Function
Energy & structure
Polysaccharides Ca Monomer Function
Structure
Molecular Shape Energy Source for:
Starch
Glucose
_________ storage for _________.
Plants, animals
Glycogen
Glucose
_________ storage for _________.
animals
Cellulose
Glucose
Rigid cell wall _________ for
_________.
herbivores
Lipids Function Structure
Molecular Shape Triglycerides
Unsaturated
Fats
• Energy storage for _________ (oils)
• Usable ___________
Saturated Fats
• Energy storage for _________ (lard,
blubber, cream)
• Usable ___________
Structural Lipids
Phospholipids Forms a ___________
between _______ and the outside.
Waxes
Protection from ______ loss and
weather (on fruits, leaves, fur,
etc)
Steroids
__________ that control metabolism,
immunity, sexual characteristics, healing
Cholesterol
Production of Vit D, bile,
hormones, and cell membrane support
Nucleic Acids Function: Contain
instructions to build _____________.
Stores and transfers genetic
information. RNA’s also can be
catalytic and have other regulatory
roles in cells.
Type Monomer Bases Structure
DNA
_____________
• ________ nucleotide chain
• N bases form _________ joining 2
strands
• A-‐____ and C-‐___ • Double ________
RNA
_____________
• ________ nucleotide chain
Nucleic Acids
Contain detailed
instructions to build proteins
Polymers made up of
monomers called
nucleotides
Composed of a sugar,
phosphate group and
nitrogen base
DNA RNA
Nucleic Acids
Contain detailed
instructions to build proteins
Polymers made up of
monomers called
nucleotides
Composed of a sugar,
phosphate group and
nitrogen base
DNA RNA
Double bonds with fewer ____________
Maximum number of ____________