Monitoring of Air pollution using Wireless Sensor Networks Abstract Air pollution being one of the major factors affecting the environment and nature`s chores. Monitoring it is of vital importance on our part, as we human beings are bestowed the most by mother earth. Considering the degree of importance, monitoring of air pollution caused by the automobiles should not just be restricted to one time pre-commission reports or the time based checks, but have a continuous check to keep the air pollution within a permissible limit. In this paper we are proposing an approach using chemical sensors to constantly check emissions from vehicles to monitor and maintain the best emission level to reduce the pollution due to automobile carbon emission. The simulation results show that dynamic monitoring of carbon emission can be done to effectively curb pollution from vehicles. Keywords—monitoring; pre-commission; air pollution; carbon emission 1. INTRODUCTION WIRELESS sensor network (WSN) refers to a group of spatially dispersed and dedicated sensors for monitoring and recording the physical conditions of the environment and organizing the collected data at a central location. WSNs measure environmental conditions like temperature, sound, pollution levels, humidity, wind speed and direction, pressure, etc. A WSN consists of few hundreds to thousands of sensor nodes. The sensor node equipment includes a radio transceiver along with an antenna, a microcontroller, an interfacing electronic circuit and an energy source usually a battery. The size of the sensor nodes can also range from the size of a shoe box to as small as the size of a grain of dust In recent days carbon emission from the automobiles are being the major cause of air pollution[1]. Periodic emission test is being done to control the same. An emission test cycle is a protocol contained in an emission standard to allow repeatable and comparable measurement of exhaust emissions for different engines or vehicles. Test cycles specify the specific conditions under which the engine or vehicle is operated during the emission test. Specified parameters in a test cycle include a range of operating temperature, speed, and load. Ideally these are specified so as to accurately and realistically represent the range of conditions under which the vehicle or engine will be operated in actual use. Because it is impractical to test an engine or vehicle under every possible combination of speed, load, and temperature, this may not actually be the case. Vehicle and engine manufacturers may exploit the limited number of test conditions in the cycle by programming their engine management systems to control emissions[2] to regulated levels at the specific test points contained in the cycle, but create a great deal more pollution under conditions experienced in real operation but not represented in the test cycle. This result in real emissions higher than the standards is supposed to allow, undermining the standards and public health. 1.1. APPLICATION OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS Of many, the below listed applications are well known applications of WSN[3,4,5] along with their brief description: a) Area monitoring Area monitoring is a common application of WSNs. In area monitoring, the WSN is deployed over a region where some phenomenon is to be monitored. A military example is the use of sensors detects enemy intrusion; a civilian example is the Geo-fencing of gas or oil pipelines. b) Health care monitoring The medical applications can be of two types: wearable and implanted. Wearable devices are used on the body surface of a human or just at close proximity of the user. The implantable medical devices are those that are inserted inside human body. There are many other applications too e.g. body position measurement Kiran Kumar S Dept. of ISE BMS College of Engineering Bangalore, India [email protected]M Dakshayini Department of ISE BMS College of Engineering Bangalore, India [email protected]Kiran Kumar S, Int.J.Computer Technology & Applications,Vol 5 (3),1213-1218 IJCTA | May-June 2014 Available [email protected]1213 ISSN:2229-6093
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Monitoring of Air pollution using Wireless Sensor Networks
Abstract
Air pollution being one of the major factors affecting
the environment and nature`s chores. Monitoring it is
of vital importance on our part, as we human beings
are bestowed the most by mother earth. Considering
the degree of importance, monitoring of air pollution
caused by the automobiles should not just be restricted
to one time pre-commission reports or the time based
checks, but have a continuous check to keep the air
pollution within a permissible limit. In this paper we
are proposing an approach using chemical sensors to
constantly check emissions from vehicles to monitor
and maintain the best emission level to reduce the
pollution due to automobile carbon emission. The
simulation results show that dynamic monitoring of
carbon emission can be done to effectively curb pollution from vehicles.
Keywords—monitoring; pre-commission; air pollution;
carbon emission
1. INTRODUCTION WIRELESS sensor network (WSN) refers to a
group of spatially dispersed and dedicated sensors for
monitoring and recording the physical conditions of the
environment and organizing the collected data at a
central location. WSNs measure environmental conditions like temperature, sound, pollution levels,
humidity, wind speed and direction, pressure, etc.
A WSN consists of few hundreds to thousands of
sensor nodes. The sensor node equipment includes a
radio transceiver along with an antenna, a
microcontroller, an interfacing electronic circuit and an
energy source usually a battery. The size of the sensor
nodes can also range from the size of a shoe box to as
small as the size of a grain of dust
In recent days carbon emission from the
automobiles are being the major cause of air
pollution[1]. Periodic emission test is being done to
control the same. An emission test cycle is a protocol
contained in an emission standard to allow repeatable
and comparable measurement of exhaust emissions for
different engines or vehicles. Test cycles specify the
specific conditions under which the engine or vehicle is
operated during the emission test. Specified parameters in a test cycle include a range of operating temperature,
speed, and load. Ideally these are specified so as to
accurately and realistically represent the range of
conditions under which the vehicle or engine will be
operated in actual use. Because it is impractical to test
an engine or vehicle under every possible combination
of speed, load, and temperature, this may not actually
be the case. Vehicle and engine manufacturers may
exploit the limited number of test conditions in the
cycle by programming their engine management
systems to control emissions[2] to regulated levels at
the specific test points contained in the cycle, but create
a great deal more pollution under conditions
experienced in real operation but not represented in the
test cycle. This result in real emissions higher than the
standards is supposed to allow, undermining the
standards and public health.
1.1. APPLICATION OF WIRELESS
SENSOR NETWORKS
Of many, the below listed applications are well known
applications of WSN[3,4,5] along with their brief
description:
a) Area monitoring
Area monitoring is a common application of WSNs. In area monitoring, the WSN is deployed over a
region where some phenomenon is to be monitored. A
military example is the use of sensors detects enemy
intrusion; a civilian example is the Geo-fencing of gas
or oil pipelines.
b) Health care monitoring
The medical applications can be of two types:
wearable and implanted. Wearable devices are used on
the body surface of a human or just at close proximity
of the user. The implantable medical devices are those
that are inserted inside human body. There are many
other applications too e.g. body position measurement