Monitoring and Modeling of the CDOT Blue Island/Cermak Streetscape

Monitoring and Modeling of the Monitoring and Modeling of the CDOT Blue Island/Cermak CDOT Blue Island/Cermak

StreetscapeStreetscape Joseph Kozak, PhD, PE Joseph Kozak, PhD, PE

MWRDGCMWRDGC

Sustainable Streets for ChicagoSustainable Streets for Chicago

June 17, 2009June 17, 2009

METROPOLITAN WATER RECLAMATION DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

David Leopold, Janet Attarian (CDOT)David Leopold, Janet Attarian (CDOT) Jim Duncker (USGS)Jim Duncker (USGS) Pete Mulvaney (DWM)Pete Mulvaney (DWM) Tim Coleman, Mason Throneburg (CH2M HILL)Tim Coleman, Mason Throneburg (CH2M HILL) Catherine O’Connor, Kuldip Kumar, Robert Catherine O’Connor, Kuldip Kumar, Robert

Gaggiano (MWRDGC)Gaggiano (MWRDGC)

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OverviewOverview BackgroundBackground Monitoring Plan ObjectivesMonitoring Plan Objectives

• Methods and AnalysisMethods and Analysis Monitoring Locations, Equipment, Frequency, Analytical Monitoring Locations, Equipment, Frequency, Analytical

ParametersParameters Potential Additional Testing and AnalysisPotential Additional Testing and Analysis

• Data Analysis and EvaluationData Analysis and Evaluation Modeling ObjectivesModeling Objectives

• Info WorksInfo Works H&H Modeling H&H Modeling Design AnalysisDesign Analysis UncertaintyUncertainty

• City-Wide BMP AssessmentCity-Wide BMP Assessment SummarySummary

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Background – Project MapBackground – Project Map

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Background - BMPsBackground - BMPs

BMPs are being installed along the BMPs are being installed along the Streetscape Corridor to reduce flow and Streetscape Corridor to reduce flow and pollutant loads to the local sewer systempollutant loads to the local sewer system• Permeable pavers in parking/bike lanesPermeable pavers in parking/bike lanes• Permeable pavers in sidewalksPermeable pavers in sidewalks• Planters in or adjacent sidewalksPlanters in or adjacent sidewalks

Planter boxesPlanter boxes Curb inlet or runnel plantersCurb inlet or runnel planters BioswalesBioswales

• Infiltration basinsInfiltration basins

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Monitoring Plan ObjectivesMonitoring Plan Objectives ScopeScope

• To assess the performance, effectiveness, and To assess the performance, effectiveness, and efficiency of individual and a collection of BMPs efficiency of individual and a collection of BMPs relative to stormwater flow and pollutant load relative to stormwater flow and pollutant load reduction. reduction.

This evaluation will includeThis evaluation will include• Determining pollutant load and flow control of Determining pollutant load and flow control of

the BMP(s) under typical operating conditions the BMP(s) under typical operating conditions relative to current background conditionsrelative to current background conditions

• Determining the BMP(s) response to varying Determining the BMP(s) response to varying storm characteristics and antecedent weather storm characteristics and antecedent weather conditionsconditions

• Determining BMP integrity over the course of Determining BMP integrity over the course of the studythe study

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Background/Baseline Monitoring Background/Baseline Monitoring Locations and EquipmentLocations and Equipment

Precipitation Precipitation Tipping bucket rain gauges (3) Tipping bucket rain gauges (3) Road Information System meteorological station (1)Road Information System meteorological station (1) Combined sewer flowCombined sewer flow

• Flow Flow Area flow meter (3) Area flow meter (3)• Water quality collection Water quality collection Autosampler (1) Autosampler (1)• Additional 4 locations from MWHAdditional 4 locations from MWH

Stormwater runoff Stormwater runoff • Flow Flow Pressure transducers in catch basins (3) Pressure transducers in catch basins (3)• Water quality collection Water quality collection Autosampler (1) Autosampler (1)

Localized groundwater (4)Localized groundwater (4)• Monitoring wells and pressure transducerMonitoring wells and pressure transducer

Combined sewer overflows (2)Combined sewer overflows (2)• Outflow into South Branch of Chicago RiverOutflow into South Branch of Chicago River

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Study monitoring locations and Study monitoring locations and equipment (Post construction)equipment (Post construction)

Rain gauges, meteorological station, combined Rain gauges, meteorological station, combined sewer, monitoring wells, CSOs, and catch basin sewer, monitoring wells, CSOs, and catch basin locations remain the same as backgroundlocations remain the same as background

Any monitoring locations not affected by Any monitoring locations not affected by construction will remain as wellconstruction will remain as well

Soil, soil water, and biomass (13)Soil, soil water, and biomass (13)• Planter boxes, curb inlet planters, and Planter boxes, curb inlet planters, and

bioswalesbioswales Soil moisture Soil moisture Time Domain reflectometer Time Domain reflectometer Soil water quality collection Soil water quality collection lysimeter lysimeter Soil quality Soil quality auger samples auger samples Biomass quality Biomass quality Dead and living biomass Dead and living biomass Water level in bioswalesWater level in bioswales

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Study Monitoring Locations and Study Monitoring Locations and Equipment (Cont.)Equipment (Cont.)

Three overflow structures from BMP(s) will Three overflow structures from BMP(s) will be monitoredbe monitored• Parking lane permeable pavers along Blue Parking lane permeable pavers along Blue

IslandIsland• Planter boxes and infiltration basins sidewalks Planter boxes and infiltration basins sidewalks

on north side of Cermakon north side of Cermak• Bioswales and infiltration basins on south side Bioswales and infiltration basins on south side

of Cermakof Cermak Pressure transducer or flow meter and Pressure transducer or flow meter and

auto sampler at overflow points for studied auto sampler at overflow points for studied BMP(s)BMP(s)

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Monitoring FrequencyMonitoring Frequency Rain gauges are triggered by 0.1” Rain gauges are triggered by 0.1”

precipitation eventprecipitation event Meteorological station is continuousMeteorological station is continuous All area flow meters are continuousAll area flow meters are continuous All pressure transducers are continuousAll pressure transducers are continuous All auto samplers are flow triggeredAll auto samplers are flow triggered Soil, soil water, and biomass collected bi-Soil, soil water, and biomass collected bi-

monthly with occasion event based monthly with occasion event based samplingsampling

Monitoring wells are monitored bi-monthlyMonitoring wells are monitored bi-monthly CSOs are event basedCSOs are event based

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Media Analytical ParametersMedia Analytical Parameters

WaterWater• Total solids, BOD, COD, Heavy Metals, TP, Total solids, BOD, COD, Heavy Metals, TP,

TN, FOG, pH, Chlorides, and polycyclic TN, FOG, pH, Chlorides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Soil, Sediment, and BiomassSoil, Sediment, and Biomass• BOD, COD, Heavy Metals, TP, TN, BOD, COD, Heavy Metals, TP, TN,

Chlorides, PAHs, Ca, Mg, K, and NaChlorides, PAHs, Ca, Mg, K, and Na Dry Deposition Material (if applicable)Dry Deposition Material (if applicable)

• Heavy Metals, TN, Chlorides, and PAHsHeavy Metals, TN, Chlorides, and PAHs

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Potential Additional Testing and Potential Additional Testing and AnalysisAnalysis

Collect sump deposition for media Collect sump deposition for media analysisanalysis

Collect atmospheric deposition for Collect atmospheric deposition for media analysismedia analysis

Perform ring infiltrometer tests on Perform ring infiltrometer tests on paver and planterspaver and planters

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Data Analysis and EvaluationData Analysis and Evaluation All data will be collected in accordance All data will be collected in accordance

with the EPA’s National Stormwater with the EPA’s National Stormwater BMP Database for potential reporting BMP Database for potential reporting purposes purposes

Perform flow and load reduction Perform flow and load reduction analysisanalysis• Simple percent reductionsSimple percent reductions• Efficiency ratiosEfficiency ratios• Mass balanceMass balance

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Limitations and ConcernsLimitations and Concerns

Aging infrastructureAging infrastructure Sampling combined sewer and Sampling combined sewer and

overflow structuresoverflow structures VandalismVandalism

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Modeling ObjectivesModeling Objectives

Develop a comprehensive H&H model Develop a comprehensive H&H model to characterize background conditions to characterize background conditions and BMPs/BMP performanceand BMPs/BMP performance

Develop a simplistic water quality Develop a simplistic water quality model using monitoring data and EPA model using monitoring data and EPA BMP databaseBMP database

Develop a simplistic model to examine Develop a simplistic model to examine implementation of BMPs across a implementation of BMPs across a service area scale service area scale

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Info Works CS ModelInfo Works CS Model

InfoWorks CS is an effective tool with InfoWorks CS is an effective tool with which to undertake hydrological which to undertake hydrological modeling of the complete urban modeling of the complete urban water cyclewater cycle

Incorporates full solution modeling of Incorporates full solution modeling of backwater effects and reverse flow, backwater effects and reverse flow, open channels, trunk sewers, open channels, trunk sewers, complex pipe connections and complex pipe connections and complex ancillary structures complex ancillary structures

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Model Background & ObjectivesModel Background & ObjectivesCity Trunk Sewer model (Infoworks City Trunk Sewer model (Infoworks

CS) completed in 2008 includes:CS) completed in 2008 includes:• all sewers all sewers ≥≥ 42” diameter 42” diameter• all CSOs and connecting pipesall CSOs and connecting pipes• inlet restrictors (rainblocker system)inlet restrictors (rainblocker system)• MWRDGC interceptors, pumping stations, and MWRDGC interceptors, pumping stations, and

connecting structures to TARPconnecting structures to TARP• river level representationriver level representation

Detailed H&H Analysis of Streetscape Design:

•Goal is to optimize design elements to meet performance goals

City-Wide Planning Analysis of BMP improvements

•Goal is to assess impact of varying levels of BMP implementation across City

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Hydrologic and Hydraulic Hydrologic and Hydraulic (H&H) Modeling(H&H) Modeling

Simulate land surface Simulate land surface response to rainfall response to rainfall (hydrology)(hydrology)Conveyance of combined Conveyance of combined sewer flows to outlets- sewer flows to outlets- WRPs and CSOs WRPs and CSOs (hydraulics)(hydraulics)Why use a model?

•Characterize existing system performance

•basement flooding risk

•CSO frequency and volume

• undersized infrastructure identification

•Plan / Design solutions that meet desired level of service MWRDGC

Detailed Design AnalysisDetailed Design Analysis Drainage areas defined Drainage areas defined

to specific BMP to specific BMP elements (~ 1 acre)elements (~ 1 acre)

Design components Design components included in modelincluded in model• Storage volume in stone Storage volume in stone

layerlayer• Infiltration rates based on Infiltration rates based on

field testing resultsfield testing results• Controlling elevation to Controlling elevation to

City systemCity system Examine design Examine design

modification impact on modification impact on performance (i.e. performance (i.e. reduced stormwater reduced stormwater load to collection load to collection system) system)

Example: Infiltration Loss and BMP storage

Example: Flow reduction to City system

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Understanding UncertaintyUnderstanding Uncertainty Monitoring / CalibrationMonitoring / Calibration

• gauge data provides model comparison at local gauge data provides model comparison at local scalescale

• BMP monitoring will help understand performanceBMP monitoring will help understand performance• as additional information becomes available, can as additional information becomes available, can

be incorporated into model or future designsbe incorporated into model or future designs

Sensitivity AnalysisSensitivity Analysis• which parameters most impact performancewhich parameters most impact performance• how might age/maintenance issues impact how might age/maintenance issues impact

performance?performance?

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City-Wide BMP AssessmentCity-Wide BMP Assessment Translate understanding Translate understanding

from detailed model to City from detailed model to City scalescale

Simplified – high level Simplified – high level modeling approachmodeling approach• runoff reductions runoff reductions

Evaluate various levels of Evaluate various levels of City-Wide implementationCity-Wide implementation• What areas most sensitive What areas most sensitive

to more green to more green infrastructure?infrastructure?

• What is the overall What is the overall reduction in loading to reduction in loading to system and WRP?system and WRP?

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HYPOTHETICAL Impact of Various CityWide BMP Implementation

Levels

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 25 50 75 100

ROW conversion to BMP (%)

Ann

ual W

RP

Tre

atm

ent

Red

uctio

n (%

)

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50

Bas

emen

t F

loo

din

g R

isk

for

2-Y

r S

torm

(%

)

WRP Flow Reduction

Basement Flooding

SummarySummary

Monitoring and modeling program Monitoring and modeling program work together to optimize designwork together to optimize design

Continued monitoring will improve Continued monitoring will improve understanding of BMP performanceunderstanding of BMP performance

Citywide modeling provides Citywide modeling provides opportunity to identify areas where opportunity to identify areas where BMP improvements are most BMP improvements are most beneficial beneficial efficiently prioritize efficiently prioritize investment dollarsinvestment dollars

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