Monitoring and data logging system for a generator

PRESENTATIoNPRESENTATIoN

Monitoring and Data Logging System For a Generator

3

Contents

Introduction

Motivation

Objectives

Requirements

Block diagram

Speed control

Voltage control

Data logging

Motivation The very first reason which motivated us toward

this project is that we wanted some digital control (Microcontroller Based) for controlling different parameters of Synchronous Generator.

In the World of machinery, the control of the machine has moved almost completely from analogue electronic to digital. This happened to the case for the synchronous machine as well. Synchronous machines are used almost universally in power stations around the World as AC generators.

The objective of this project is to design and construct a closed loop speed control system for speed governor, voltage regulator and protection system for the three - phase synchronous machine.

Objectives1. Automatic and manual

mode of operation 2. Sensing the system

parameters: Current, Voltage Temperature Frequency RPM (Revolution Per

Minute) 3. Controlling the

parameters Frequency control for

synchronous generator Automatic voltage control

4. Protection system 5. Digital display using LCD6. Serial port interfacing7. Data logging8. Uploading data on web

page

Requirements Circuit Designing of Frequency and voltage control

modules.

Programming of 8051 microcontroller. Simulating the designed circuits on Proteus software.

Designing PCB for each module.

Making circuit hardware of modules.

Assembly of all parts on a single board.

Finalize checking of the working of all circuit modules.

Data Logging

Block Diagram

Speed Control

Voltage Control

Hardware Microcontroller AT89C51 ADC 0808 Sine wave to square wave converter DC motor (1H.P) Synchronous generator (0.3 KW) sensors

1.Current transformer2.Voltage transformer3.Rpm sensor4.Temperature sensor LM 35

5. MAX232

6. IR sensor

Function of voltage control circuit:

8-channel ADC is connected 8051 to measure the analog parameter.

4069 is used to convert the sine wave to square wave. This square wave is applied to 8051 to measure the frequency of AC signal.

To monitor and display the generator parameters of synchronous generator on the LCD display.

To monitor the variations in the value of parameters of generator to determine whether these values exceed the limit given in the programming.

When any value of parameter exceed the predefined limit specific numbed is send to main control unit through serial port of microcontroller. This number is recognized in the main control unit to determine the type of fault.

A 20x2 LCD is used for displaying the different parameters.

Voltage monitoring circuit

Interfacing ADC with 8051 M/C

Current monitoring circuit

Temperature Monitoring circuit

Features of LM 335

Calibrated directly in ° Celsius (Centigrade) Linear + 10.0 mV/°C scale factor 0.5°C accuracy guarantee able (at +25°C) Rated for full −55° to +150°C range Suitable for remote applications Low cost due to wafer-level trimming Operates from 4 to 30 volts Less than 60 μA current drain Low self-heating, 0.08°C in still air No linearity only ±1⁄4°C typical Low impedance output, 0.1 W for 1 mA load

Speed MonitoringIR proximity sensor

This sensor can be used to measure the speed of object moving at a very high speed, like in industry or in tachometers

The sender is composed of an IR LED (D2) in series with a 470 Ohm resistor, yielding a forward current of 7.5 mA.

The receiver part is more complicated, the 2 resistors R5 and R6 form a voltage divider which provides 2.5V at the anode of the IR LED

MAX 232

MAX232 is an integrated circuit that converts signals from an RS-232 serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits. The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals.

PCB layouts

HYPER TERMINAL

HyperTerminal is a built-in windows program that can be used to connect to other computers, online services, and host computers and other devices using either modem or a serial DB-9 cable.

Band Rate = 2400 bits per Sec Connection using COM1port

DATA LOGGING

Queries