8/14/2019 Monica G. Williams, PhD Proposal Defense, Dissertation Chair, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/monica-g-williams-phd-proposal-defense-dissertation-chair-dr-william-allan 1/34 1 A dissertation proposal presentation by Monica Williams September 26, 2008 Engagement Levels of Historically Black College and University Leaders in Entrepreneurialism through Fundraising
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Monica G. Williams, PhD Proposal Defense, Dissertation Chair, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis
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8/14/2019 Monica G. Williams, PhD Proposal Defense, Dissertation Chair, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis
• Shrinking revenues at the state and federal level hassignificantly affected the financial state of public highereducation (Riggs, 2005).
• Public Historically Black College and University (HBCU)
leaders have the challenge of identifying privatephilanthropists to support their institutions.
• With decreasing endowments due to decreasing economicforces, it is a matter of survival that Black collegesincrease their giving rates (Gasman, 2003).
8/14/2019 Monica G. Williams, PhD Proposal Defense, Dissertation Chair, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis
• Tindall (2007) asserts that fundraising efforts of both privateand public HBCUs linger significantly behind the establishedfundraising programs at PWIs.
• There are 105 HBCUs across the nation, yet few of these
institution’s leaders have devoted time and effort tounderstanding the complexities and challenges associatedwith fundraising at these institutions.
• Public HBCU institutional leaders face a growing dilemma –how to strengthen university resources in a climate that hashistorically relied almost wholly on public funding.
8/14/2019 Monica G. Williams, PhD Proposal Defense, Dissertation Chair, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis
• Since there is minimal research on fundraising at HBCUs, this studywill add to the existing body of literature and probe significantissues surrounding entrepreneurial orientation and revenuegeneration at these specialized institutions.
• Results of the study will help university presidents to employ arational approach to developing and implementing acomprehensive fundraising program.
• Identifying institutional needs, developing plans for achieving thoseneeds, beginning to implement those plans, and actually executingfund development will be critical to the survival of these
institutions.
8/14/2019 Monica G. Williams, PhD Proposal Defense, Dissertation Chair, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis
According to Clark (1998), entrepreneurial activities comprise third-stream income sources that include:
– innovative and profit-based, self-supporting operations that gobeyond traditional sources, such as business developmentactivities and innovative retail sales operations;
– activities that develop and enhance traditional income streamssuch as endowment and tuition; and
– activities that involve both traditional and nontraditional aspects,such as distance learning, which uses nontraditional methods of teaching to gain tuition, a traditional source of income.
8/14/2019 Monica G. Williams, PhD Proposal Defense, Dissertation Chair, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis
Entrepreneurialism• Cohen (2006) “Black College Alumni Giving: A Study of thePerceptions, Attitudes, and Giving Behaviors of Alumni Donorsat Selected Historically Black Colleges and Universities”
• Dingfelder (2007) “Exploring the Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Community Colleges”
• Reaves (2006) “African-American Alumni PerceptionsRegarding Giving to Historically Black Colleges andUniversities”
• Riggs (2005) “Entrepreneurial Activities in IndependentCollege and University Presidents: A View from the Top”
• Scott (2000) “A Description of Successful Fund-raising Units atPublic Historically Black Colleges and Universities “
8/14/2019 Monica G. Williams, PhD Proposal Defense, Dissertation Chair, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis
Education• Riggs (2005) posits that for most American institutions of highereducation, traditional academic ideology held that the institution hadno business in the marketplace. Today, these institutions are expectedto enter the marketplace, survive in the competitive market, and adaptthe practices of their for-profit counterparts.
• In the last two decades, the public funding landscape has changed
drastically, causing public institutions of higher education to embracethe entrance of private corporations into the business of highereducation (Cook, 1997).
• Changes in the historical roles and responsibilities of college presidentshave presupposed that these leaders possess entrepreneurialcharacteristics. A business-like orientation focused on efficiency,accountability, and productivity is reshaping the management of highereducation (Dingfelder, 2007).
8/14/2019 Monica G. Williams, PhD Proposal Defense, Dissertation Chair, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis
Education• George C. Wright, President at Prairie View A&M University,notes that the Booker T. Washington administration at Tuskeegee and Dr. Johnetta Cole’s leadership at both SpelmanCollege and Bennett College demonstrated evidence of entrepreneurialism through their extraordinary fundraising
results.• H. Patrick Swygert’s entrepreneurial attributes moved Howard
to an unprecedented level, elevating Howard to its rankingamong the 136 institutions asked by the United States FinanceCommittee how they spend their endowments. Swygert, aHoward alumnus, personally gave $2 million to the institution
in a recent campaign that raised $275 million, the largestamount raised to-date by any HBCU (Masterson, 2008).
8/14/2019 Monica G. Williams, PhD Proposal Defense, Dissertation Chair, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis
• quantitative variables will be used toexamine the relationship between HBCU
leaders’ entrepreneurial orientation and thefinancial stability of their universities; and
• qualitative variables will be used to explorethe extent to which HBCU leaders value and
carry out entrepreneurial activities, thefactors associated with fundraising bestpractices, and the influence developmentpractices have on entrepreneurial activities.
8/14/2019 Monica G. Williams, PhD Proposal Defense, Dissertation Chair, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis
• A pilot study will be conducted with 5% of the 47 TMCF member schools’ leaders. Thesurvey will be reliable and valid through
recordkeeping accuracy that willauthenticate the findings of the researcher.
• Upon completion of the pilot study, theinstrument will be sent electronically to theremaining TMCF member schools’presidents and chief development officers.
8/14/2019 Monica G. Williams, PhD Proposal Defense, Dissertation Chair, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis
• Bowen and Shapiro (1998) suggest that if public HBCUs donot become aggressive about their fundraising practices andengage in entrepreneurial practices to increase institutionalrevenue, they may not survive.
• Waddell (1992) confirms that “empirical research is limited
with respect to fund-raising in public colleges anduniversities, particularly public black institutions” (p. 3).
• In Scott’s (2000) study on successful fundraising units atpublic historically black colleges and universities, there areseveral references to the lack of research conducted relatedto fundraising at HBCUs. In retrospect, adding to the currentscarce body of literature regarding HBCU fundraising ismuch needed and the primary intent of this study.
8/14/2019 Monica G. Williams, PhD Proposal Defense, Dissertation Chair, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis
Bowen, W. & Shapirio, H. (1998). Universities and their leadership. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Carson, E. D. (2001). Giving strength: Understanding philanthropy in the Black community. Philanthropy Matters, 2, 4.
Clark, B. R. (1998). Creating entrepreneurial universities: Organizational pathways of transformation. Oxford, UK: PergamonPress.
Cohen, R. T. (2006). Black college alumni giving: A study of the perceptions, attitudes, and giving behaviors of alumni donors atselected historically black colleges and universities. Retrieved April 15, 2008, from ProQuest Information and Learning
Company http://www.lib.umi.com/dissertations/search.Cook, W. B. (1997). Fundraising and the college presidency in an era of uncertainty: From 1975 to the present. Journal of Higher
Education, 1/1/1997.
Dingfelder, D. C. (2007). Exploring the dimensions of entrepreneurial community colleges. Retrieved May 9, 2008, fromProQuest Information and Learning Company http://www.lib.umi.com/dissertations/search.
Ellison, C. G. (1991). Identification and separatism: Religious involvement and racial orientation of Black Americans. SociologicalQuarterly , 32, 4.
Gasman, M. (2003). Fund raising from Black-College alumni: Successful strategies for supporting alma mater. Council for the Advancement and Support of Education, 22.
Glesne, C. & Peshkin, A. (1992). Becoming qualitative researchers: An introduction. White Plains, NY: Longman.
History of Thurgood Marshall College Fund . Retrieved June 10, 2007, from Thurgood Marshall College Fund Web site: http://thurgoodmarshallfund.org
Reaves, N. (2006). African-American alumni perceptions regarding giving tohistorically Black colleges and universities. Retrieved January 21, 2007, fromProQuest Information and Learning Company http://www.lib.umi.com/dissertations/search.
Riggs, D. G. (2005). Entrepreneurial activities in independent college and university presidents: A view from the top. Retrieved May 5, 2006, from ProQuest
Information and Learning Company http://www.lib.umi.com/dissertations/search.Scott, L. V. (2000). A description of successful fund-raising units at public historically
black colleges and universities. Retrieved December 12, 2007, from ProQuestInformation and Learning Company http://www.lib.umi.com/dissertations/search.
Tindall, N. T. J. (2007). Fund-raising models at public historically Black colleges anduniversities. Public Relations Review 33 (2): 201-5.
Waddell
Williams, M. G. & Kritsonis, W. A. (2006). Raising more money at the nation’shistorically black colleges and universities. National Journal for Publishing andMentoring Doctoral Student Research 3 (1).