Monday, 8/30/10

Monday, 8/30/10

• Good Morning! Please put your maps in the back table to be laminated. Make sure your name is on all three! Get out your notebooks! I’ll be checking for them.

• The Enlightenment- – Briefly summarize your knowledge about the

Enlightenment period and the impact it has had on forming our modern world.

Pre-Enlightenment

• Middle Ages-death, illiteracy, war• Renaissance- art, literature, Catholic Church• Reformation-Printing press, questioning

church• Scientific Revolution-logic and reason

What Characterizes the Enlightenment?

• The belief that logic and reason could explain everything

• The emphasis of natural rights• Secularism• Individualism• Faith in man’s ability to find an explanation for

everything• Toleration• Legal Reform

The Philosophes

French writers of the Enlightenment: questioned social traditions, the Church and absolutism.

Salons: wealthy gathered to discuss enlightenment ideas

Back to Newton…

-Newton applied logic and reason to science

-Philosophes believed you could apply logic and reason to other aspects of life.

Denis Diderot (1713-1784)

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)

• Social Contract: ruler needs total control to keep order

• Absolute monarchy: impose order and demand obedience

• Man was selfish and wicked

John Locke (1632-1704)

Natural Rights

• Natural Rights: life, liberty and property• Purpose of government to protect these

rights; if not people should overthrow govn’t.• Foundation of modern democracy

Voltaire (1694-1778)

• Toleration• Critical of organized religion– Believed in Deism (God is creator but non-

interferring)• “I may not agree with what you say, but I will

defend to the death your right to say it.”

The Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755)

The Spirit of the Laws (1748)- Separation of political power- ‘checks and balances’

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)

• The Social Contract (1762)

• All people are equal; abolish nobility

• Government should be guided by free will and general consent of the people

• “Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains”

Cesare Beccaria (1738-1794)On Crimes and Punishments (1764)

-Laws existed to preserve social order, not avenge crimes

-all should receive a speedy trial without torture

-the degree of punishment based on severity of crime

Adam Smith (1723-1790)

• The Wealth of Nations (1776)

Smith’s View of the Economy

• Self-interest-work for your own good• Competition-forces people to make a better

product• Supply and Demand-goods at low price to

meet need • Laissez-faire “the invisible hand”– Role of the government

Women

• Mary Astell, “ If absolute sovereignty be not necessary in a state, how come it be so in a family? …If all men are born free, how is it that all women are born slaves?”

• Influenced Mary Wollstonecraft:– Argued for women’s right to education– Urged women in fields of medicine and politics– Her daughter Mary wrote “Frankenstein”

Pair Up: Read pgs. 24-27 and answer questions (each person should write their own answer but discuss it with your partner)

• What role did the Catholic church play in the Enlightenment movement?

• What issues did the Philosophes raise about justice and criminal punishment?

• How did Enlightenment thinkers view the ideas of divine right and absolute rulers?