Monash University, SIMS, Semester O Monash University, SIMS, Semester O ne, 2005 ne, 2005 1 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION & SYSTEM & SYSTEM CONCEPTS CONCEPTS Systems 1 Systems 1 IMS1001 – Information IMS1001 – Information Systems Systems
Dec 22, 2015
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 11
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
& SYSTEM & SYSTEM
CONCEPTSCONCEPTS
CSE1204 - Information Systems 1CSE1204 - Information Systems 1IMS1001 – Information SystemsIMS1001 – Information Systems
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 22
Use Allocate + for tutorial allocation – no Use Allocate + for tutorial allocation – no exceptionsexceptions
Course code: IMS1001 (includes CSE1204 Course code: IMS1001 (includes CSE1204 students)students)
If you have a problem with tutorial allocation, If you have a problem with tutorial allocation, contact - Christina Brantoncontact - Christina BrantonPh: 9903 1059Ph: 9903 1059email –[email protected] –[email protected]
No tutorials Week OneNo tutorials Week One
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 33
Teaching StaffTeaching StaffLecturer: Lecturer:
Barry AtkinsonBarry AtkinsonRoom S4.01 – Fourth Floor, Tower Room S4.01 – Fourth Floor, Tower email – [email protected] – [email protected] - 9903 2399telephone - 9903 2399Consult: Monday 9-10am; Friday 2-3pm by appointmentConsult: Monday 9-10am; Friday 2-3pm by appointment
Tutor: Tutor: Katherine KnightKatherine Knight
Make sure you obtain your tutor’s contact details and the Make sure you obtain your tutor’s contact details and the location and times your tutor is available for student location and times your tutor is available for student consultationconsultation
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 44
Unit InformationUnit InformationAll unit materials:All unit materials:
lecture notes, tutorials, assignments, lecture notes, tutorials, assignments, notices atnotices at
www.sims.monash.edu.au/subjects/cse1204www.sims.monash.edu.au/subjects/cse1204
oror www.sims.monash.edu.au/subjects/ims1001www.sims.monash.edu.au/subjects/ims1001ororNavigate to SIMS – unit pages – first year – IMS1001 Navigate to SIMS – unit pages – first year – IMS1001
(or CSE1204)(or CSE1204)
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 55
Prescribed textPrescribed text
WHITTEN, J.L., BENTLEY, L.D. and WHITTEN, J.L., BENTLEY, L.D. and DITTMAN, K.C. (2001) DITTMAN, K.C. (2001)
Systems Analysis and Design MethodsSystems Analysis and Design Methods, , 5th ed. 5th ed.
Irwin/McGraw-HilI, New York, NY. Irwin/McGraw-HilI, New York, NY. Copies available at CITSU BookshopCopies available at CITSU Bookshop
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 66
AssessmentAssessment exam - 60%, assignment - 40%exam - 60%, assignment - 40% a pass requires a final mark of 50% or morea pass requires a final mark of 50% or more hurdle - you must earn a minimum of 40% for hurdle - you must earn a minimum of 40% for
the exam the exam ANDAND a minimum of 40% for the a minimum of 40% for the assignmentsassignments
Eg. Eg. Practical mark = 35/40 = 87.5%Practical mark = 35/40 = 87.5% Exam mark = 20/60 = 33%Exam mark = 20/60 = 33% Total mark = 55/100 = FAIL !!Total mark = 55/100 = FAIL !! If either hurdle is not met, a result of 44% will be recorded If either hurdle is not met, a result of 44% will be recorded
even if the total mark is > 50%even if the total mark is > 50%
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 77
Assignment work requirementsAssignment work requirements Assignments must be submitted according to the Assignments must be submitted according to the
School of Information Management and Systems’ School of Information Management and Systems’ assignment submission requirementsassignment submission requirements
These are available at:These are available at:
www.sims.monash.edu.au/resources/assessment.htmlwww.sims.monash.edu.au/resources/assessment.html
The School’s style guide for printed assignments is The School’s style guide for printed assignments is available at:available at:
www.sims.monash.edu.au/resources/style.htmlwww.sims.monash.edu.au/resources/style.html
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 88
Other important considerationsOther important considerations
Attendance – the rollAttendance – the rollPlagerism – what is it?Plagerism – what is it?Time managementTime managementCore subjects – academic progressCore subjects – academic progress
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 99
CSE1204, CSE1205 and BCompCSE1204, CSE1205 and BComp
The nature, purpose and makeup of The nature, purpose and makeup of computerised Information Systemscomputerised Information Systems
What you should know about Information What you should know about Information Systems if you intend to work with themSystems if you intend to work with them
Analysts viewpoint: IS project initiation; Analysts viewpoint: IS project initiation; system development methods; system system development methods; system designdesign
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 1010
This lecture’s objectivesThis lecture’s objectives
Understand what we mean when we talk Understand what we mean when we talk about systems:about systems:
system concepts and componentssystem concepts and componentsunderstand the need for information understand the need for information
systems systems Introduction to Introduction to roles and tasks associated roles and tasks associated
with building information systemswith building information systems
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 1111
A SystemA System
An assembly of components that interact in an An assembly of components that interact in an organised way to accomplish goalsorganised way to accomplish goals
E.g. river systems, nervous system, public E.g. river systems, nervous system, public transport system, legal system, education transport system, legal system, education system, water supply system, elevator system, system, water supply system, elevator system, information system. information system.
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 1212
A SystemA System
system elementssystem elementsa boundarya boundarya purposea purposean environmentan environment interfacesinterfaces inputs, processes, outputsinputs, processes, outputs feedbackfeedbackconstraintsconstraintssubsystemssubsystems
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 1313
SystemsSystemsSimple ----------------------- ComplexSimple ----------------------- Complex
vending machine; Metvending machine; MetOpen ------------------------- ClosedOpen ------------------------- Closed
air conditioner; watchair conditioner; watchStable ------------------------ DynamicStable ------------------------ Dynamic
elevator; nervous systemelevator; nervous systemPermanent ------------------ TemporaryPermanent ------------------ Temporary
government; concert government; concert arrangementarrangement
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 1414
System ElementsSystem Elements
Purpose - the overall goal or function of a Purpose - the overall goal or function of a system:system:
access to medical servicesaccess to medical services Process - the transformation of inputs into Process - the transformation of inputs into
outputs:outputs:
coin to Cokecoin to Coke Boundary - the line that divides the system from Boundary - the line that divides the system from
its environment:its environment:
buttons on a phonebuttons on a phone
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 1515
System Elements (ctd.)System Elements (ctd.) Environment - everything external to the system Environment - everything external to the system
that interacts with it:that interacts with it:
supermarket weighing machinesupermarket weighing machine The system exchanges inputs and outputs with The system exchanges inputs and outputs with
its environment:its environment: Inputs - what is taken from the environment:Inputs - what is taken from the environment:
button pressbutton press Outputs - what is returned to the environment:Outputs - what is returned to the environment:
cashcash
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 1616
System Elements (ctd.)System Elements (ctd.)
Interfaces - points of contact where a Interfaces - points of contact where a system meets its environment or where system meets its environment or where subsystems meet each other:subsystems meet each other:
directions on a Met ticket machine;directions on a Met ticket machine;
page of a newspaper;page of a newspaper;
reservoir;reservoir;
skinskin
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 1717
System Elements (ctd.)System Elements (ctd.)
The environment may be always changing:The environment may be always changing:
busy; smoke; war; dry; cancellationbusy; smoke; war; dry; cancellation Feedback and control loop allows the system to Feedback and control loop allows the system to
adapt to its environment:adapt to its environment:
““Press OK to continue”; monitor Press OK to continue”; monitor Constraints - limits on what a system can Constraints - limits on what a system can
accomplishaccomplish
heart pacemaker; Challengerheart pacemaker; Challenger
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 1818
System example: a businessSystem example: a business Its environment:Its environment:
general population+an industry+business general population+an industry+business climate+government etc.climate+government etc.
Its inputs: Its inputs: materials+services+new employees+ materials+services+new employees+
equipment+facilities+money+orders etc.equipment+facilities+money+orders etc. Its outputs: Its outputs:
products/services+waste materials+payments+products/services+waste materials+payments+retired employees+old equipment etc.retired employees+old equipment etc.
Its feedback/control loops: Its feedback/control loops: customer complaints+new knowledge necessary to customer complaints+new knowledge necessary to make required changes to product etc.make required changes to product etc.
Subsystems: Subsystems: payroll system, stock systempayroll system, stock system
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 1919
Systems thinkingSystems thinking
The application of formal systems theory The application of formal systems theory and concepts to systems problem solvingand concepts to systems problem solving
Helps us understand how systems are Helps us understand how systems are organised and how they workorganised and how they work
Simplifies inherent system complexitySimplifies inherent system complexity Useful to apply systems thinking to Useful to apply systems thinking to
understanding of business organisations understanding of business organisations (“organisations as systems”) and their (“organisations as systems”) and their information systemsinformation systems
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 2020
Data vs. InformationData vs. InformationData - consists of raw or unstructured facts Data - consists of raw or unstructured facts
(text, pictures, sound)(text, pictures, sound)
eg. Student number, dateeg. Student number, date Information - data that has been refined for Information - data that has been refined for
a particular purpose: a collection of facts a particular purpose: a collection of facts organised so that they have organised so that they have meaning and meaning and use to a particular recipient in a particular use to a particular recipient in a particular context. It has context. It has additional value beyond the additional value beyond the value of the facts themselves. value of the facts themselves.
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 2121
Information characteristicsInformation characteristics Useful information is essential if an organisation is Useful information is essential if an organisation is
to achieve its goals:to achieve its goals:
accurateaccurate completecomplete economicaleconomical
flexibleflexible reliablereliable relevantrelevant
simplesimple timelytimely verifiableverifiable
accessibleaccessible securesecure
An information system is designed to produce An information system is designed to produce such informationsuch information
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 2222
Business organisations are complex Business organisations are complex systemssystems
Business organisations organise their Business organisations organise their activities and work practices into various activities and work practices into various systems because: systems because: many different tasks must be donemany different tasks must be donedifferent data are needed for different tasksdifferent data are needed for different tasksa single task is often done many timesa single task is often done many timescomplex processes must be coordinatedcomplex processes must be coordinated the environment changes constantlythe environment changes constantly
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 2323
How canHow canInformation Systems help ?Information Systems help ?
Efficiency, reliability, economy, controlEfficiency, reliability, economy, control An Information System is a formal arrangement of An Information System is a formal arrangement of
people, data, processespeople, data, processes Integrated to Integrated to
manage complexity manage complexity support and improve business operationssupport and improve business operations Support and improve the problem-solving and Support and improve the problem-solving and
decision-making activities of managers. decision-making activities of managers. It transforms Data into InformationIt transforms Data into Information
(Why are computers not mentioned?)(Why are computers not mentioned?)
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 2424
Computer-Based Information Computer-Based Information SystemsSystems
Information systems may or may not involve Information systems may or may not involve the use of computers the use of computers
Computers significantly expand the potential Computers significantly expand the potential of information systems because they:of information systems because they:are more reliable processors than humansare more reliable processors than humansare faster than humans, and “tireless”are faster than humans, and “tireless”are easily replicated are easily replicated are much more productiveare much more productivehave enormous memory capacityhave enormous memory capacity
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 2525
Information System Information System
ComponentsComponentsInformation system components include:Information system components include: people - need the information, build the people - need the information, build the
system, operate it and use it system, operate it and use it data and information -the raw material which data and information -the raw material which
the system is set up to manage and distributethe system is set up to manage and distribute machines (usually computers) - help manage machines (usually computers) - help manage
and process the data and information and process the data and information procedures - define how the information is to procedures - define how the information is to
be input/stored/processed/ etc. be input/stored/processed/ etc. formal – specified, perpetual, expectedformal – specified, perpetual, expected
informal – unspecified, trivial, one-offinformal – unspecified, trivial, one-off
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 2626
Functions of an Functions of an Information System Information System
Any information system performs four main Any information system performs four main functions:functions:
data input - capturing informationdata input - capturing information data storage/retrieval - keeping informationdata storage/retrieval - keeping information data processing - transforming informationdata processing - transforming information data output - displaying/presenting informationdata output - displaying/presenting information
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 2727
Benefits of Benefits of Information Information
SystemsSystemsA good information system ensures:-A good information system ensures:- the right informationthe right information to the right degree of accuracyto the right degree of accuracy when it is requiredwhen it is required in the right format/layoutin the right format/layout to the right peopleto the right people in the most efficient way possiblein the most efficient way possible
(Have you had to deal with an information system which did not (Have you had to deal with an information system which did not work well? Which of these things was not present in that system?)work well? Which of these things was not present in that system?)
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 2828
The Complexity of The Complexity of Information Information
SystemsSystemsEven small information systems can be very Even small information systems can be very
complex:complex: many components (lots of information)many components (lots of information) much interaction between componentsmuch interaction between components systems within systems (subsystems)systems within systems (subsystems) the intangibility of information (hard to define)the intangibility of information (hard to define) the subjective nature of information (interpretation)the subjective nature of information (interpretation) differing needs of different system usersdiffering needs of different system users
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 2929
Computer-based information systemsComputer-based information systems ““unique” situations: unique” situations:
customer enquiry system; ticket bookingcustomer enquiry system; ticket booking generic business applications: generic business applications:
payroll systems; inventory systemspayroll systems; inventory systems
Types of information systems e.g.:Types of information systems e.g.: transaction processing systems, transaction processing systems, decision support systems,decision support systems, expert systems, expert systems, executive information systems,executive information systems, geographical information systemsgeographical information systems
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 3030
Building Building Information Information
SystemsSystems
Activities involved in building computer-Activities involved in building computer-based information systems are:-based information systems are:-
identifying business information problemsidentifying business information problems analysing and describing information needsanalysing and describing information needs designing solutions to meet those needsdesigning solutions to meet those needs acquiring/building new systemsacquiring/building new systems implementing new systemsimplementing new systems
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 3131
System building playersSystem building players
System owner/sSystem owner/sSystem user/sSystem user/sProject leader (manager)Project leader (manager)Systems analyst/sSystems analyst/sSystems designer/sSystems designer/sSystems builder/s Systems builder/s IT vendor/s and consultant/sIT vendor/s and consultant/s
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 3232
Building Information Systems:Building Information Systems:The Role of the Systems Analyst (our focus The Role of the Systems Analyst (our focus
in this course)in this course)
to understand the system’s information needsto understand the system’s information needswhat information is needed?what information is needed? for whom?for whom? in what form?in what form?when?when?
to describe the system’s information flows and to describe the system’s information flows and processesprocesses
to identify problems, opportunities, constraintsto identify problems, opportunities, constraints to suggest possible system solutionsto suggest possible system solutions
Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 3333
ReferencesReferences
WHITTEN, J.L., BENTLEY, L.D. and DITTMAN, K.C. (2001) 5th WHITTEN, J.L., BENTLEY, L.D. and DITTMAN, K.C. (2001) 5th ed., ed., Systems Analysis and Design MethodsSystems Analysis and Design Methods, Irwin/McGraw-HilI, , Irwin/McGraw-HilI, New York, NY. Chapters 1 and 2.New York, NY. Chapters 1 and 2.
HOFFER, J.A., GEORGE, J.F. and VALACICH (2005) 2nd ed., HOFFER, J.A., GEORGE, J.F. and VALACICH (2005) 2nd ed., Modern Systems Analysis and DesignModern Systems Analysis and Design, Benjamin/Cummings, , Benjamin/Cummings, Massachusetts. Chapter 1Massachusetts. Chapter 1