Monarchs of Europe Section 1:France in the Age of Absolutism Section 2:Russia in the Age of Absolutism Section 3:Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism.

Monarchs of EuropeMonarchs of Europe

Section 1:Section 1: France in the Age of AbsolutismFrance in the Age of Absolutism

Section 2:Section 2: Russia in the Age of AbsolutismRussia in the Age of Absolutism

Section 3:Section 3: Central Europe in the Age of AbsolutismCentral Europe in the Age of Absolutism

Section 4:Section 4: The English MonarchyThe English Monarchy

CHAPTER 10CHAPTER 10

Henry IV comes to the French throneHenry IV comes to the French throne

He converts to Catholicism in 1589 to bring He converts to Catholicism in 1589 to bring peace and unity to the country.peace and unity to the country.

He issues the “Edict of Nantes” which He issues the “Edict of Nantes” which guarantees freedom of worship and political guarantees freedom of worship and political rights to end the religious war in the rights to end the religious war in the country. country.

France in the Age of AbsolutismFrance in the Age of AbsolutismFrance in the Age of AbsolutismFrance in the Age of Absolutism

Murdering the king!Murdering the king!

Henry is murdered in 1610 and his son who Henry is murdered in 1610 and his son who is only eight, Louis XIII comes to the is only eight, Louis XIII comes to the throne.throne.

Cardinal Richelieu is used as a regent until Cardinal Richelieu is used as a regent until Louis turned 15. Louis turned 15.

What is a regent?What is a regent?Regent - political substitute for monarch: Regent - political substitute for monarch:

somebody who rules on behalf of a monarch who somebody who rules on behalf of a monarch who is unable to rule because of youth, illness, or is unable to rule because of youth, illness, or absence absence

Strengthening the MonarchyStrengthening the Monarchy Cardinal Richelieu – worked to reduce Cardinal Richelieu – worked to reduce

strength of nobles and to reform the strength of nobles and to reform the economyeconomy

His motives are unknown- possible His motives are unknown- possible personal power- also saw it as his job to personal power- also saw it as his job to keep the French monarchy strong and keep the French monarchy strong and powerful powerful

The Thirty Years’ War – it was a The Thirty Years’ War – it was a Protestant rebellion against Holy Roman Protestant rebellion against Holy Roman Empire; ended with Treaty of Westphalia Empire; ended with Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 ..thus hurting the HREin 1648 ..thus hurting the HRE

The Sun KingThe Sun King

Luis XIV ruled for 72 years – working to gain Luis XIV ruled for 72 years – working to gain absolute powerabsolute power

Believed in the divine right of kings…Believed in the divine right of kings…Which is what?Which is what?

In 1685 removed the Edict of NantesIn 1685 removed the Edict of Nantes

Section 1: Section 1:


Luis XIVLuis XIV

Versailles – expense of palace strained the French Versailles – expense of palace strained the French economyeconomy

Domestic and economic policies – absolute power Domestic and economic policies – absolute power for king, increased French industry at home and for king, increased French industry at home and trade abroad, reformed tax system, leading naval trade abroad, reformed tax system, leading naval powerpower

The Wars of Louis XIVThe Wars of Louis XIV Fighting for new territory – natural borders, other nations Fighting for new territory – natural borders, other nations

fought for a balance of powerfought for a balance of power War of the Spanish Succession – Treaty of Utrecht War of the Spanish Succession – Treaty of Utrecht

provided that French and Spanish monarchies could never provided that French and Spanish monarchies could never be unitedbe united

Louis XIV’s legacy – France became a leading European Louis XIV’s legacy – France became a leading European power, but caused destruction, loss of life and resources, power, but caused destruction, loss of life and resources, and loss of territoryand loss of territory



Treaty of Utrecht:Treaty of Utrecht:

Ended the War of Spanish SuccessionEnded the War of Spanish SuccessionThe treaty recognized Louis’ grandson as The treaty recognized Louis’ grandson as

king of Spain but it provided that the French king of Spain but it provided that the French and Spanish monarchies could never be and Spanish monarchies could never be united. The treaty also gave French lands to united. The treaty also gave French lands to in north America to great Britain. in north America to great Britain.


Isolation and a New DynastyIsolation and a New DynastyAsian influenceAsian influenceReligious differencesReligious differencesGeographically separated from EuropeGeographically separated from Europe


Russia in the Age of AbsolutismRussia in the Age of AbsolutismRussia in the Age of AbsolutismRussia in the Age of Absolutism

Ivan the TerribleIvan the Terrible Died with no heir, Died with no heir,

Russia in disarrayRussia in disarray Civil War, and a Civil War, and a

Polish invasion will Polish invasion will soon ensuesoon ensue

Openness to the West – or notOpenness to the West – or notRomanov Dynasty begins in 1613, when Russian Romanov Dynasty begins in 1613, when Russian

independence is restored – elect Michael independence is restored – elect Michael Romanov as czarRomanov as czar

First three Romanovs work to help Russia “catch First three Romanovs work to help Russia “catch up” with Europe: up” with Europe: Organized/modernized trade and commerceOrganized/modernized trade and commerceEfforts toward education and chronicling historiesEfforts toward education and chronicling historiesBringing in European artistsBringing in European artists

Peter the GreatPeter the GreatPeter’s foreign mission – his attempt to form Peter’s foreign mission – his attempt to form

alliances against Ottoman Turks failed, but he alliances against Ottoman Turks failed, but he learned many Western wayslearned many Western ways

Westernizing Russia – improved training and Westernizing Russia – improved training and weaponry, Western architecture, modernization weaponry, Western architecture, modernization in societyin society

Main goal was to end the “landlock”Main goal was to end the “landlock”



Openness to the WestOpenness to the West

1689-1725 Tsar Peter the Great1689-1725 Tsar Peter the Great Traveled widely; preference for Traveled widely; preference for

things Western; contempt for things Western; contempt for Russian backwardnessRussian backwardness

““Westernizing”Westernizing” Modernized army, continued Modernized army, continued

expansionexpansion Table of RanksTable of Ranks - allowed movement - allowed movement

in government based upon meritin government based upon merit Built Saint PetersburgBuilt Saint Petersburg

SECTION 2

Russia in the Age of AbsolutismRussia in the Age of Absolutism

Russian Isolation

Asian, rather than Western, influence

Eastern Orthodox, not Roman Catholic or Protestant

hindered communication

Contact through Constantinople & Byzantine Empire

EffectsCultural Causes

Mongol rule

Cyrillic alphabet

landlocked; surrounded by powers, vast plains

no rivers flowed into seas where trade took place

limited trade, contact

EffectsGeographic Causes

Reform, then RepressionReform, then Repression

1762-1796 Catherine the 1762-1796 Catherine the Great (tsarina, czarina)Great (tsarina, czarina)

Initially “open” with Initially “open” with reforms . . .reforms . . .

French Revolution, French Revolution, rebellion at home led her rebellion at home led her to become more to become more oppressiveoppressive

Catherine the GreatCatherine the Great

Catherine the II was Peter’s grandson’s wife aka Catherine the II was Peter’s grandson’s wife aka Peter III. Peter III.

But Peter III was murdered because people liked But Peter III was murdered because people liked his wife too much.his wife too much.

Russian LifeRussian LifeOrthodox Christianity eventually controlled by Orthodox Christianity eventually controlled by

Tsar.Tsar.Most peasants tied to land, Tsars created laws that Most peasants tied to land, Tsars created laws that

backed land ownersbacked land owners

Catherine the GreatCatherine the GreatCatherine’s policies – domestic policies were Catherine’s policies – domestic policies were

meaningless or harmful to most Russians, but meaningless or harmful to most Russians, but foreign policies won new territory and extended foreign policies won new territory and extended the Russian empirethe Russian empire

In total Catherine was able to add more than In total Catherine was able to add more than 200,000 square miles of land to her country. 200,000 square miles of land to her country.



The world map changes The world map changes

Poland – Russia split Poland with Prussia and Poland – Russia split Poland with Prussia and Austria in what are called the Partitions of Poland. Austria in what are called the Partitions of Poland. See page 271 See page 271

In addition Russia is looking to expand eastward In addition Russia is looking to expand eastward into Siberia and Alaskainto Siberia and Alaska

Habsburg AustriaHabsburg AustriaThe emperor of the HRE Charles IV was dieing The emperor of the HRE Charles IV was dieing

and knew it . He didn’t want to die without a son- and knew it . He didn’t want to die without a son- for he knew it would cause ciaos.for he knew it would cause ciaos.

So he urges other leaders to accept the Pragmatic So he urges other leaders to accept the Pragmatic sanction…sanction…


Central Europe in the Age of AbsolutismCentral Europe in the Age of AbsolutismCentral Europe in the Age of AbsolutismCentral Europe in the Age of Absolutism

Pragmatic sanction..Pragmatic sanction..What is it?What is it?

Eventually will allow Maria Theresa to inherit all Eventually will allow Maria Theresa to inherit all Habsburg lands….Habsburg lands….

BUT IT CANT BE THIS SIMPLE CAN IT?BUT IT CANT BE THIS SIMPLE CAN IT?

In 1713 Charles issued the Pragmatic Sanction which guaranteed his In 1713 Charles issued the Pragmatic Sanction which guaranteed his daughter the right to succeed to the Austrian throne and inherit his daughter the right to succeed to the Austrian throne and inherit his united lands on his death. Charles spent years carefully negotiating united lands on his death. Charles spent years carefully negotiating with other rulers to remove potential politico-legal objections to a with other rulers to remove potential politico-legal objections to a woman inheriting the Habsburg territories, even making strategic woman inheriting the Habsburg territories, even making strategic concessions of territory. Initially, many Northern European monarchs concessions of territory. Initially, many Northern European monarchs agreed to the Pragmatic Sanction when it was issued. One of the few agreed to the Pragmatic Sanction when it was issued. One of the few not to sign was Frederick the Great of Prussia who, soon after Maria not to sign was Frederick the Great of Prussia who, soon after Maria Theresa assumed the throne upon Charles' death on October 20, 1740, Theresa assumed the throne upon Charles' death on October 20, 1740, began the War of Austrian Succession.began the War of Austrian Succession.

After Emperor Charles VII, who claimed the throne, died in 1745, After Emperor Charles VII, who claimed the throne, died in 1745, Maria Theresa obtained the dignity of Holy Roman Emperor for her Maria Theresa obtained the dignity of Holy Roman Emperor for her husband, Francis I. Though she was technically empress consort, husband, Francis I. Though she was technically empress consort, Maria Theresa was the de facto ruler of the Empire. Maria Theresa had Maria Theresa was the de facto ruler of the Empire. Maria Theresa had in fact already begun her rule in 1740 during the Austrian War of in fact already begun her rule in 1740 during the Austrian War of Succession.Succession.

The Rise of the HohenzollernsThe Rise of the Hohenzollerns

The rise of the fredericks The rise of the fredericks



Fred who?Fred who?

Frederick William = the great elector … Frederick William = the great elector … he tried to imitate the ways of Lois XIV..he tried to imitate the ways of Lois XIV..

Frederick William I = did not like the Frederick William I = did not like the ways of his father and wanted to spend ways of his father and wanted to spend money on Prussia rather than looking money on Prussia rather than looking good. He soon double the size of the armygood. He soon double the size of the army

Frederick William I – sought to make Frederick William I – sought to make Prussia a great power, efficient system of Prussia a great power, efficient system of governmentgovernment

Conflict Between Prussia and AustriaConflict Between Prussia and Austria The Diplomatic Revolution – reversal of alliances resulted The Diplomatic Revolution – reversal of alliances resulted

in France and Austria opposing Prussia and Great Britainin France and Austria opposing Prussia and Great Britain The Seven Years’ War – began in North America as the The Seven Years’ War – began in North America as the

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War The years of peace – European powers reluctant to fight The years of peace – European powers reluctant to fight

again, so rebuilt and strengthened kingdoms at homeagain, so rebuilt and strengthened kingdoms at home



Frederick II Frederick II The apple fell far from the tree. And the heir want The apple fell far from the tree. And the heir want

a fan of military or even government affairs… so a fan of military or even government affairs… so he tried to run off and escape he tried to run off and escape

Yet Frederick the II – the more famous Frederick Yet Frederick the II – the more famous Frederick the great became a stronger ruler than his father – the great became a stronger ruler than his father – and soon was expanding the borders of Prussia and soon was expanding the borders of Prussia

Showdown Austria vs. Prussia Showdown Austria vs. Prussia Frederick II soon went straight after Maria Frederick II soon went straight after Maria

Theresa and ignored the Pragmatic sanctionTheresa and ignored the Pragmatic sanction--which soon started the Austrian was of --which soon started the Austrian was of

successionsuccession

Show Renascence Value PPTShow Renascence Value PPTShow Henry VII PPTShow Henry VII PPT

The House of Tudor became the new royal The House of Tudor became the new royal family of Englandfamily of England

Henry VIII creates his own church Henry VIII creates his own church Mary I married Philip II of SpainMary I married Philip II of Spain

yet Mary is the first ruling queen of Englandyet Mary is the first ruling queen of England

The English MonarchyThe English MonarchyThe English MonarchyThe English Monarchy

Bloody MaryBloody Mary

Was a devout Catholic & wanted to make England Was a devout Catholic & wanted to make England a Catholic country againa Catholic country again

Persecuted Protestant clergy especially with the Persecuted Protestant clergy especially with the help of her husband Phillip.help of her husband Phillip.

Phillip had previously lead the counter Phillip had previously lead the counter reformation against the protestantsreformation against the protestants

Bloody MaryBloody Mary

Not only did she persecute protestant but also Not only did she persecute protestant but also attacked priests who did not follow the laws of the attacked priests who did not follow the laws of the church. church.

In the long run she failed because persecutions In the long run she failed because persecutions were too extremewere too extreme

She would burn these people at the stake when She would burn these people at the stake when necessary.necessary.

Mary dies…Mary dies…

And her Protestant half-sister Elizabeth becomes And her Protestant half-sister Elizabeth becomes queen – leaving Phillip II out in the cold.queen – leaving Phillip II out in the cold.

Thus Elizabeth looks to make England Protestant Thus Elizabeth looks to make England Protestant again. again.

But there is a problem…Elizabeth has no children But there is a problem…Elizabeth has no children and knows that the heir to throne will be and knows that the heir to throne will be Catholic….Catholic….

this is a huge this is a huge problem!problem!

The Reign of Elizabeth IThe Reign of Elizabeth I

wanted to restore Catholicism to England;

Mary TudorElizabeth

had Protestant dissenters

wanted to strengthen Anglican Church;

persecuted Catholics and Puritans, fined them

burned at the stake

Religion

The next heir to the throne…The next heir to the throne…

Mary Queen of Scots (the queen of Scotland) is Mary Queen of Scots (the queen of Scotland) is catholic and is to be queen if Elizabeth were to die catholic and is to be queen if Elizabeth were to die without an heir.without an heir.

This is great for Catholics and bad for protestants. This is great for Catholics and bad for protestants.

Drama, Drama, Drama…Drama, Drama, Drama…

Mary had to flea Scotland to England because of Mary had to flea Scotland to England because of problems in her own country.problems in her own country.

Thus Elizabeth had her arrested and put in jail.Thus Elizabeth had her arrested and put in jail.While in jail Mary plots with Phillip II’S While in jail Mary plots with Phillip II’S

ambassadors to kill Elizabeth and to take the ambassadors to kill Elizabeth and to take the throne.throne.

When Elizabeth hears this and then has Mary When Elizabeth hears this and then has Mary beheaded. beheaded.

Phillip II responds Phillip II responds

Phillip was outraged…he said something like “Oh Phillip was outraged…he said something like “Oh no she didn’t”no she didn’t”

Phillip was mad at England anyway…and anytime Phillip was mad at England anyway…and anytime you kill a Catholic queen- the heat is onyou kill a Catholic queen- the heat is on

Just Bring It!Just Bring It!In 1588 Phillip unleashes the Spanish Armada on In 1588 Phillip unleashes the Spanish Armada on

England (130 ships). England (130 ships). The English sent out their entire fleet to battle the The English sent out their entire fleet to battle the

“Incredible Armada”“Incredible Armada”Incredibly because their ships were smaller, the Incredibly because their ships were smaller, the

English ships were swifter and their guns could English ships were swifter and their guns could fire faster and thus they broke the formation and fire faster and thus they broke the formation and sunk several ships.sunk several ships.

You Sunk my battleship!You Sunk my battleship!

Only half of the Armada ever made it back to Only half of the Armada ever made it back to Spain. Spain.

After the defeat of the armada the Spanish were After the defeat of the armada the Spanish were never the same. never the same.

Problems with the Puritans Problems with the Puritans

The Puritans liked what Henry had done…but The Puritans liked what Henry had done…but they felt he hadn't gone far enough and thus they felt he hadn't gone far enough and thus wanted to “purify” the Anglican church even wanted to “purify” the Anglican church even farther from the Catholic church. farther from the Catholic church.

Elizabeth felt it was time to once again unite the Elizabeth felt it was time to once again unite the people of England in one church – the Anglican people of England in one church – the Anglican church. church.

She felt the best way to do this was to terrorize She felt the best way to do this was to terrorize and tax anyone who wasn’t attending weekly and tax anyone who wasn’t attending weekly Anglican mass. Anglican mass.

James timeJames time

Elizabeth dies without an heir (common theme in Elizabeth dies without an heir (common theme in this family) this family)

King James the VI of Scotland now becomes King King James the VI of Scotland now becomes King James I of England. Thus both countries are now James I of England. Thus both countries are now united because they have the same monarch.united because they have the same monarch.

From the Stuart family not the Tudors From the Stuart family not the Tudors

TransitionTransition

James transition is somewhat easy even though his James transition is somewhat easy even though his mother was murdered (Mary Queen of Scots) by mother was murdered (Mary Queen of Scots) by the Queen Elizabeththe Queen Elizabeth

The reason the transition was easy because he too The reason the transition was easy because he too was a large supporter of the Anglican church. was a large supporter of the Anglican church.

Creates the king James version of the bible. Creates the king James version of the bible.

James IJames I Son of Mary Queen of Scots, ruled England and ScotlandSon of Mary Queen of Scots, ruled England and Scotland Strong supporter of Anglican Church, which caused Strong supporter of Anglican Church, which caused

conflicts with Puritansconflicts with Puritans King James Version of BibleKing James Version of Bible Lacked economic, diplomatic skillLacked economic, diplomatic skill Did not fully understand English parliamentary systemDid not fully understand English parliamentary system Believed in divine right of kingsBelieved in divine right of kings


The English MonarchyThe English MonarchyThe English MonarchyThe English Monarchy

Chapter Wrap-Up

1. How did the government of Louis XIV negatively affect the people of France?

2. How did Elizabeth I try to control religious disunity in England?

3. How did Peter the Great’s rule affect Russian serfs?



3. How did Peter the Great’s rule affect Russian serfs?

CHAPTER 19



How did Peter the Great’s rule affect Russian serfs?



How did Peter the Great’s rule affect Russian serfs?

1. don’t know 2.terrorization…killed Mary queen of scots 3modernized westernized –worsened their situation bc

he gave out service nobility – which meant there had to be more serfs – kept ppl poor

1. don’t know 2.terrorization…killed Mary queen of scots 3modernized westernized –worsened their situation bc

he gave out service nobility – which meant there had to be more serfs – kept ppl poor

Monarchs of Europe Section 1:France in the Age of Absolutism Section 2:Russia in the Age of Absolutism Section 3:Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism.

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