Molecular Biology of Genes Chapters 11-12 + DNA Technology (not in your book)

Molecular Biology of GenesChapters 11-12 +

DNA Technology (not in your book)

Double Stranded Helix

Nitrogenous Bases

So how do we copy it?

Genotype to Phenotype

Building Blocks of Proteins

tRNA

Ribosome StructureLarge Subunit

Small Subunit

Mutations

Sickle Cell Example

DNA Technology

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

- used to amplify DNA sequences

Gel electrophoresis sorts DNA molecules by size

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Powersource

Gel

Mixture of DNAmolecules ofdifferent sizes

Longermolecules

Shortermolecules

Completed gel

How Restriction Fragments Reflect DNA Sequence– Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs)

reflect differences in DNA samples

Crime scene Suspect

w

x

y y

z

CutCut

Cut

DNA from chromosomes

C

C

G

G

G

G

C

C

A

C

G

G

T

G

C

C

C

C

G

G

G

G

C

C

C

C

G

G

G

G

C

C

x, y, z = restriction fragments

Red line =restriction site

– After digestion by restriction enzymes the fragments are run through a gel

–

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Longerfragments

Shorterfragments

x

w

y

z

y

1 2Crime scene Suspect

w

x

y y

z

CutCut

Cut

DNA from chromosomes

CCGG

GGCC

ACGG

TGCC

CCGG

GGCC

CCGG

GGCC

DNA fingerprinting can help solve crimes

Defendant’sblood

Blood fromdefendant’s clothes

Victim’sblood