Module2

Module - 2

Scope, Terms & Conditions and Objectives

Aims of an EMS

• Identification & control of aspects, impacts, risks

• Establishing & achieving a environmental policy, objectives, targets, including compliance with legislation

• Identifying environmental opportunities

• Monitoring & continual improvement of environmentalperformance

Environmental Policy

ContinualImprovement

EMS Model

Planning

Implementationand OperationChecking and

Corrective Action

ManagementReview

PDC

A

Key Definitions (Section 3)

EnvironmentSurroundings in which an organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans and their interrelation.

Environmental Interaction

What can an organization control?

• Can control the generation at the source;

• Can prevent & minimize exposure to the pathway;

• But has no control on the impact to the receptor.

Activities• ISO 14001 Guidance:

– An organization should identify the various activities, processes, products or services that are included in the scope of the EMS

– Distinguishing them in such a way that they are “large enough for meaningful examination and small enough to be sufficiently understood.”

Aspects

• ISO 14001 guidance:– Identify all environmental aspects of activities,

products and services – Aspect = element of activity, product or service

which can have a beneficial or adverse effect on the environment

– Include all those that the organization “can control and over which it can be expected to have an influence”

Impacts • ISO 14001 guidance:

– Organization should identify as many as possible of the actual or potential environmental impacts associated with each aspect of its activities

– Impact = change which takes place in the environment as a result of the aspect, either positive or negative

Aspect and Impacts

Environmental Aspect

Element of an organisation’s activities, products or services which can interact with the environment.

Environmental ImpactAny change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organisation’s activities, products or services.

NOTE - A significant environmental aspect is an environmental aspect which has or can have a significant environmental impact

Aspects & Impacts

Environmental Aspects and Impacts

Activity

Defining Significance

Rating can be based on:• Scale• Occurrence• Impact• Control• Detection

Rating1 2 3 4 5

Scale Localized Department Factory City Global

Occurrence Once in a year/less frequent

Once in a month

Once in a week

Once in a day

Continuous

Impact Slight Negligible Nuisance causing, killing vegetation

Human health effect

Fatal

Control Easily controllable

Controllable but with cost

Difficult but expensive to control

Extremely difficult to control

Not controllable with available technology

Detection Easily detectable

Certainly detectable

Difficult to detect

Extremely difficult to detect

Can be detected only after damage is caused

Key Definitions (Sections 3)

• System– Set of interrelated elements

• Management System– System used to establish policy and objectives

and to achieve those objectives.– Includes organizational structure, planning

activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures and resources.

• Part of an organization’s management system used to develop and implement its environmental policy and manage its environmental aspects.

Key Definitions

• Continual Improvement– Recurring process of enhancing the

environmental management system in order to achieve improvements in overall environmental performance consistent with the organization’s environmental policy.

NOTE: The process need not take place in all areas to activity simultaneously

Key Definitions

• Prevention of Pollution– Use of processes, practices, materials or products

that avoid, reduce or control pollution, which may include recycling, treatment, process changes, control mechanisms, efficient use of resources and material substitution.

NOTE: Prevention of pollution can include source reduction or elimination, process, product or service changes, efficient use of resources, material and energy substitution, reuse, recovery, recycling, reclamation and treatment.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

• Overall intentions and directions of an organization related to its environmental performance as formally expressed by top management.

NOTE:- The environmental [policy provides a framework for action and for the setting of environmental objectives and targets.

Key Elements of an EMS• Environmental Policy

– Develop a statement of your organization’s commitment to the environment with the following in mind.

• Continual improvement• Pollution prevention• Compliance with relevant laws & regulation

» Keep it simple and understandable

Environmental Objectives & Targets

Environmental Objective“Overall environmental goal, arising from the environmental policy, that an organisation sets itself to achieve, and which is quantified where practicable.”

Environmental Target“Detailed performance requirement, quantified where practicable, applicable to the organisation or parts thereof, that arises from the environmental objectives and that needs to be set and met in order to achieve those objectives.”

• “The organization shall establish and maintain (a) programme(s) for achieving its objectives and targets. It shall include:

• a) designation of responsibility for achieving objectives and targets at each relevant function and level of the organization;

• b) the means and time-frame by which they are to be achieved.

• If a project relates to new developments and new or modified activities, products or services, programme(s) shall be amended where relevant to ensure that environmental management applies to such projects.” (ISO 14001 4.3.4)

Environmental Management Programmes

•The organization shall establish and maintain documented procedures to monitor and measure, on a regular basis, the key characteristics of its operations and activities that can have a significant impact on the environment. Shall include:

- recording of information to track performance, - relevant operational controls, and- conformance with the organization’senvironmental objectives and targets.

•Monitoring equipment shall - be calibrated and maintained and - records of this process be retained according to theorganizations procedures.

• Organization shall establish and maintain a documented procedure for periodically evaluating compliance with relevant environmental legislation and regulations.

MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT

• The organization shall - establish and maintain procedures for defining responsibility & authority for handling and investigating non-conformance, - taking action to mitigate any impacts caused and - for initiating and completing corrective and preventive action.

• Any corrective or preventive action taken to eliminate the causes of actual and potential non conformances shall be appropriate to the magnitude of problems and commensurate with the environmental impact encountered.

• The organization shall implement and record any changes in the documented procedures resulting from corrective and preventive action.

NON-CONFORMANCE AND CORRECTIVE & PREVENTIVE ACTION (CAPA)

• The organization shall establish and maintain procedures for - identification maintenance and - disposition of environmental records.

• Records shall include training records and the results of audits ad reviews.

• Environmental records shall be - legible, identifiable and traceable to the activity, product or service involved;- stored and maintained in such a way that they are readily retrievableand protected against damage, deterioration or loss.

• Their retention times shall be - established and recorded;- maintained as appropriate to the system and to the organization, todemonstrate conformance to the requirements of Standards.

RECORDS

The organization shall establish and maintain programm(s) and procedures for periodic EMS audits to be carried out in order to:

a). Determine whether or not the environmental management system

1. Conforms to planned arrangements for environmentalmanagement including the requirements of this

InternationalStandard and

2. Has been properly implemented and maintained and

b). Provide information on the results of audits to management.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AUDIT

Internal AuditSystematic, independent and documented process for obtaining audit evidence and evaluating it objectively to determine the extent to which the environmental management system audit criteria set by the organization are fulfilled.

Internal Audit

• Program and schedule shall reflect – Potential environmental impact of

activities– Results of previous audit

• Procedures cover:– Audit

scope/frequency/methodology– Responsibility/auditor requirements– How to report findings

Why Audit?

• To satisfy ISO 14001• Ensure compliance with procedures• Determine effectiveness of system• Detect & correct non-conformities• Identify training needs• Appraise management about facts• Identify & highlight weaknesses &

strengths• Identify areas of improvement

• Top management review at intervals to ensure suitability adequacy and effectiveness of EMS;

• Review process ensure collection of necessary information to carry out this evaluation and documented;

• Management review shall address:• possible need for changes to policy,• objectives and other elements of the environmental management system in the light of environmental management system audit results, changing circumstances and• commitment to continual improvement.

MANAGEMENT REVIEW

Summary

• Objectives and aims of Environment Management System

• Key Definitions

• Explanations of important definitions