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after completing this module, participants will be able to establish better diagnosis of youth employment problems by……strengthening their knowledge of basic
employment concepts…reviewing recurrent youth employment problems…developing their capacity at developing an
alternative or critical analysis of labour market situations
• the youth, as a group, differ in many ways from labour force participants in other age groups– they are less experienced– but are they are more adaptable…– they may be less productive– but they are often paid less…
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M1 Problem identification and analysis > A. Employment concepts and definitions module
• at the same time they are, within their group, as diverse as the overall population: some young people are worse off than others– family background– gender– location (e.g. urban vs. rural)– ethnic background, caste, religion– disability, health problems– language, literacy– other skills
M1 Problem identification and analysis > A. Employment concepts and definitions module
comprises all persons who, during a specified brief period (either one week or one day), are either employed or available for work and seeking it
Resolution concerning statistics of the economically active population, employment, unemployment and underemployment, adopted by the Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians (October 1982)
M1 Problem identification and analysis > A. Employment concepts and definitions module
• underutilisation of the productive capacity of the employed population in relation to alternative work situation– time-related underemployment: insufficient hours
of work– inadequate employment situations: inadequate
use of capacities
module
youth employment problems
M1 Problem identification and analysis > B. Youth employment problems module
• not all youth are affected by employment problems but, on the whole, youth appear to be more affected than older people
• while youth unemployment rates are invariably higher than comparable rates for adults, youth unemployment is not necessarily the only, or, in terms of numbers affected, the worst of youth employment problems
M1 Problem identification and analysis > B. Youth employment problems module
– full employment– stable employment– productive employment– rewarding employment– freely chosen employment– respect for rights at work– safe work– social security– voice, representation– social dialogue
i.e. decent work!
M1 Problem identification and analysis > A. Employment concepts and definitions module
“ the primary goal of the ILO todayis to promote opportunitiesfor women and men to obtaindecent and productive work,in conditions of freedom, equity,security and human dignity ”
ILO D.G. Juan Somavia: www.ilo.org/public/english/decent.htm
M1 Problem identification and analysis > B. Youth employment problems module
• low pay (or no pay)• few hours, underemployment• long hours, no vacation• no contract, no rights• no social protection• harassment, maltreatment• unhealthy, unsafe work• no voice, no representation• no prospects
M1 Problem identification and analysis > B. Youth employment problems module
of youth unemployment • affecting the youth particularly
– many school leavers among job seekers – time it takes cohorts to find a job– waiting for a better opportunity– first-time insertion hurdles: employability– strict employment protection regulation
favouring those already in employment
– employer preference for older workers – “last in first out”– …………………………
M1 Problem identification and analysis > C. Understanding youth employment problems module
• using labour market information to identify problems, to explain their causes, and to propose possible solutions in terms of pertinent labour market policies– which indicators– using indicators – using percentage changes– using indices
M1 Problem identification and analysis > C. Understanding youth employment problems module
• Youth unemployment rate• Ratio of youth unemployment rate to
total unemployment rate• Share of youth unemployment in total
unemployment• Share of youth unemployment in total
youth population• Proportion of young people who are either
employed or in education or training
Source: Guidance note for the preparation of national reviews and action plans on youth employment in response to resolution 57/165 on Promoting Youth Employment
M1 Problem identification and analysis > C. Understanding youth employment problems module