Module: Health Psychology Lecture: Introduction to Health Psychology Date: 19 January 2009 Chris Bridle, PhD, CPsychol Associate Professor (Reader) Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Tel: +44(24) 761 50222 Email: [email protected]www.warwick.ac.uk/go/hpsych
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Module: Health Psychology Lecture:Introduction to Health Psychology Date:19 January 2009
Module: Health Psychology Lecture:Introduction to Health Psychology Date:19 January 2009. Chris Bridle, PhD, CPsychol Associate Professor (Reader) Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Tel: +44(24) 761 50222 Email: [email protected] www.warwick.ac.uk/go/hpsych. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Module: Health Psychology
Lecture: Introduction to Health Psychology
Date: 19 January 2009
Chris Bridle, PhD, CPsychol Associate Professor (Reader) Warwick Medical School University of Warwick
Aim: To provide an introduction to the discipline of health psychology and the health psychology module
Objectives: The student should be able to provide a basic description of the …
nature of health psychology, e.g. who and what are studied
levels of clinical application of/for psychology
pathways through which psychological processes influence physical health
structure and content of the module
module requirements, e.g. tutorial tasks
What is Health Psychology?
Psychology is both an academic and applied discipline involving the scientific study of mental processes and behaviour.
Classic definition: ‘… the aggregate of the specific educational, scientific and professional contribution of the discipline of psychology to the promotion and maintenance of health, the prevention and treatment of illness, the identification of etiologic and diagnostic correlates of health, illness and related dysfunction’ (Matarazzo, 1980)
Pragmatic definition: Health psychology is the study of psychological processes that influence health, illness and health care
Implications of Our Working Definition
Health psychology is the study of psychological processes that influence health, illness and health care
Four questions:
1. In who do psychological processes exert influence, i.e. who gets studied?
2. What types of psychological process are studied?
3. How do processes influence health, illness and health care?
4. In what ways can psychology be applied in clinical practice?
1: Psychological Processes in Who?
People who receive health care Patients: anyone interacting with a health care professional or
service Users: perceived presence of symptoms driving health care use Consumers: active, and proactive, care seeking by the
asymptomatic
People who provide health care Providers: professional responsibility to provide care directly to
patient Carers: as above, but without professional responsibility
People who organise health care Purchasers / managers: who fund and evaluate local service
against benchmark quality indicator, e.g. treatment targets Policy- / Decision-makers: set national-level quality indicators,
provide clinical guidance and allocate financial resources
2. Processes Studied in Health Psychology
Multiple developmental influences, in particular
Behaviourism
Social Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Behaviourism
Operant conditioning (Skinner)
Classical conditioning (Pavlov)
Classical conditioning (Watson)
The scientific study of how reward and punishment (stimuli) affect emotion and behaviour (response)
Empirical approach: Vary contingencies of reward and punishment and measure effect on behaviour
Try to explain all behavior without going inside the ‘black box’, i.e. the mind
Behaviour is a conditioned response occurring in the presence of a stimuli
If behaviour is learned, it can also be unlearned / modified through conditioned learning
Behavioural Conditioning
A Clockwork Orange
Alex given drug to induce extreme nausea (response) whilst also being forced to watch graphically violent films (stimuli) for two weeks
At treatment end, Alex is unable to even think about violence without crippling nausea, e.g. conditioned response in presence of the paired stimuli
Fiction or reality? This is an example of classical conditioning, and describes the use of aversion therapy.
Addiction believed to have its roots in conditioning, e.g. positive stimuli associated with consumption of food, alcohol, drugs, etc.
‘The ordinary person who shocked the victim did so out of a sense of obligation - an impression of his duties as a subject - and not from any peculiarly
aggressive tendencies.’ (Milgram)
Obedience in Health Care?
Drug administration Nurses asked, by Dr on phone, to give patient a non-