TRADITIONAL FARMING It is important to know how far the trainee farmers are aware of the agricultural systems, followed by our ancestors before. It not only helps to know their experience but also helps to improve their knowledge. This book is published as a manual for both trainers and coordinators. Therefore it is very important to know the brief information on agricultural methods followed in tribal as well as rural areas. Teaching Method: Take the information of traditional methods in a big group through question and answer method or form small groups and take the opinions of each group through their group leaders. Origin of Agriculture: Mode of agriculture originated from the primitive man living in forests. By observing different kinds of plants, trees, fruits from trees, seeds from fruits, and germination of plants from fallen seeds, man understood the system and then he started sowing seeds. “Podu” agriculture is a part of this process. Gradually, cultivation became a profession as the civilization progressed. 1
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TRADITIONAL FARMING
It is important to know how far the trainee farmers are aware of the agricultural
systems, followed by our ancestors before. It not only helps to know their experience
but also helps to improve their knowledge. This book is published as a manual for
both trainers and coordinators. Therefore it is very important to know the brief
information on agricultural methods followed in tribal as well as rural areas.
Teaching Method:
Take the information of traditional methods in a big group through question
and answer method or form small groups and take the opinions of each group through
their group leaders.
Origin of Agriculture:
Mode of agriculture originated from the primitive man living in forests. By
observing different kinds of plants, trees, fruits from trees, seeds from fruits, and
germination of plants from fallen seeds, man understood the system and then he
started sowing seeds. “Podu” agriculture is a part of this process. Gradually,
cultivation became a profession as the civilization progressed.
Traditional Agriculture:
Traditional farming is a system of farming without harming earth, atmosphere,
animals, human beings, insects, and all other living beings, without using any
chemicals, with minimum human effort and expenses. Getting agricultural produce
through germination of seeds naturally, can also be defined as Traditional Farming. In
our country this traditional system of cultivation is started in 9000 BC. Initially started
growing plants, crops and animals near to their habitations. By 8000 to 6000 BC
barley and wheat cultivation were in practice. In olden days, sowing seeds directly
without ploughing, rotten leaves, compost of cocks and cattle, pond’s soil, etc. were
used in farms. Once the crop was ready for harvesting, part of it was left for re-
production.
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Benefits of Traditional farming:-
1. Expenses are minimum,
2. Problem of pests, warms and diseases is negligible
3. Soil maintains the balance of nutrients
4. No scarcity of seeds. Qualitative seeds can be prepared on their own
5. Atmosphere is healthy, pollution won’t be there
6. Income on crop is more and guaranteed
7. We can have healthy, tasty, nutritional food
8. It helps to suck more and more water into earth
9. Diversity in crops leads to more production
10. If natural calamities destroy some crops, yield in some other crops may
compensate
11. Soil will always be fertile.
Hurdles to Traditional farming.
Increasing population
Scarcity of organic fertilizers
Reduction in the number of cattle
Reduction in human effort
Craze on hybrid seeds
Implementation of single crop system
Interest on commercial crops
Misconception that chemical farming is beneficial
Breaking of family system
Unwillingness of the farmers to work hard.
Expecting more produce in a short period of time in a small area of a land
are becoming the constraints of traditional farming
Let us ask these questions.(Ask these questions to find out what they know):
1. What do you think of traditional farming?
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2. Is anybody following traditional ways of farming?
3. What are the benefits of traditional farming?
4. Do you believe in traditional natural farming? Why?
5. What are the crops that can be grown in traditional nature farming?
6. Match the following.
1. “Podu agriculture” ( ) (a) Two or more crops at a time
2. Organic matter ( ) (b) Farmer prepare seed on his own
3. Traditional seed bank ( ) (c) Agriculture done by tribals on terrus.
4. Cultivation of variety of crops ( ) (d) Rotten leaves and branches.
Activities:
1. Visits to the farms of farmers, who are doing traditional natural organic
agriculture.
2. Showing short films on nature farming
3. Exhibit the posters and pictures that were collected.
4. Share experiences with farmers of other villagers.
2. Modern Agriculture
Traditional farming – changes that took place:
Method: In a big group, use question and answer method to know how far the readers
understood or in small groups discuss and try to comprehend their knowledge through
their group leaders.
Modern Agricultural Method: Though there are several benefits in traditional
farming, owing, to the needs of increasing population, it is necessary to increase the
yield in that small area of land, leads to a search of easy methods for high yielding.
At this juncture, high yielding seed varieties, chemical fertilizers, pesticides are
introduced aimed to get a higher produce. American agricultural scientists Norman
Borlaug was the first man to introduce “Green revolution” Green revolution was
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introduced in India in 1968 by famous agricultural scientist M.S. Swaminathan. He
invented high yielding varieties of wheat in India. He is popularly know as the father
of “Green revolution “in India. Mechanical agriculture through machines can be called
as modern agriculture.
In addition to single crop method, a high dose of chemical fertilizers and
pesticides are used in modern agricultural system. As a result, the yield drastically
gets increased at the same time have to face losses.
Drawbacks due to modern Agriculture:
1. Reduction of land fertility
2. Loss of natural earthwarms
3. Reduction in ground water
4. Increase in investments
5. Increase in global warming
6. Failure of natural balance
7. changes in seasons
8. Increase Pollution
9. Increases immunity in pests and warms. Harmful insects micro organisms
warms insect Increase their strength.
10. It harms symbiotics ( diaters ) and parasities. That causes reduction of friendly
insects.
11. All Animals, cattle, birds alongwith human beings develop health problems
12. Agriculture investments increase drastically
13. Increase suicides of farmers.
Ask these questions to find out what they know :
1. When did the change start in traditional farming?
2. What are the changes that occurred in traditional farming ?
3. Why were the farmers attracted to the modern agriculture system?
4. What were the benefits that you observed in modern agriculture ?
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5. What were the demerits you observed in modern agriculture system?
6. Is there a chance to change from the modern agricultural system to traditional
system?
Match the following:
1) Mechanization of Agriculture ( ) a) Reduction in cattle
2) Scarcity of organic fertilizers ( ) b) Green revolution
3) Modern agriculture ( ) c) Use of machines in agriculture
Activities:
1) A short film on the effects of different chemical fertilizers, pesticides and
germicides.
2) Share the experiences of farmers who have incurred losses in modern
agricultural methods.
III) Nature farming scientists, organizations, several food security schemes of
governments:
Mention:- Question and answer method, lecture method and audio visual method
Nature farming means cultivation with the help of natural resources without
harming the sources of Nature.
Important features of Natural Farming:
1) Biodiversity ;
2) Protection to soil (earth ) and water ;
3) Full optimize utilization of solar energy;
4) High yield with minimum water;
5) Use of local traditional seeds and crops ;
6) Make the soil fertile with crops;
7) Food protection for family;
8) Diversity in crops;
9) Low investment and expenses;
10)Minimum labour;
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Keeping in view the above features scientists of Nature prepared low cost
models to enrich yielding. Let us learn few of those models.
1) Bhaksar Saave : Bhaskar save is a teacher from Gujarat. He was recognized as
an ideal farmer in 1952 by getting high yield with the help of modern scientific
methods. He has done farming with chemical fertilizers and pesticides and
achieved high yields and recognized as an ideal farmer of modern scientific
methods in 1952. He was attracted with his methods by Gujarat cooperation.
He took up an agency of chemical fertilizers and pesticides raise yields but not
the income, (Fixed income). He also realized that this system was against
Gandhian methods. He started natural farming again. Bhaskar saave’s fourteen
acres of fruit garden “ Kalpa vruksham ” is located near Dehri village in valsad
district of Gujarat’s south coast.
Trees in forests grow on their own without any human interference. Basing on
this theory, Bhaskar Saave started a model ‘Mixed fruit garden’ on a ten acre land. By
achieving high yields, he was appreciated by Japan’s agriculture legend. Masanobu
puka woka.
Professor Nanzunda Swami was born in Mysore in Karnataka. He was a God
father of farmers and a Forerunner of socio –economic revolutions. He was close to
socialist leaders, Dr. Ram Mohanrao Lohia and Lok Nayak Jaya Prakash Narayan.
He started a green army of farmers by draping green towels on the shoulders of
farmers. He started agitation with his green army against the policies of government
on multinational companies. He established “ Amrutha Bhoomi” to collect local seeds
and developed it as an international centre for sustained agriculture. He opposed
scientific methods of cultivation and commercial agricultural attitudes of
multinational companies, which were destroying Nature. Inturn he worked for the
development of nature farming
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2) Subhash Palekar : He belongs to Maharastra and famous for his 36x36 seed
crop (seven storied models. He proved that in a mere 2 ½ cents land by raising
different varieties of crops. We can get leafy vegetable, Vegetables and fruits
for a family. He said that zero budget farming can be done with
“Jeevamrutham” and high yields can get in nature farming. Fill it up with
humus to keep the soil fertile. In several meetings,he said that the natural
earthwarms and other micro organisms, increase the fertility of lands. He
sternly opposed the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
According to him the main reason for the spoilage of soil is green revolution.
Chemical fertilizers, pesticides and hybrid seeds .
3) Acharya Sripada Atchuta :-
He developed a ten gunta natural agriculture model by dividing ¼ of an acre
into 10 parts. In those ten parts, he developed a scientific system to grow cereals,
millets, pulses, oil seeds, leafy vegetables, fruit varieties that can ripen in one year or
more, spices, fodder, etc. In this model, Sun rays that fall on a ¼ acre of land are
utilized totally to raise the crops.
4) Woka : His full name is Masanov Puka Woka. He was born in February 1913
in South Japan. His father was Kamaibi Puka Woka and mother Safi Ishiki. He
studied microbiology in Gyphu Agricultural College and became an expert in
plant diseases. At first, he started his career as a customs inspector and he used
to check the imported and exported plants for disease spreading germs. When
he was 25 years old, he got so many doubts on modern agricultural science. At
that time, he was out of a severe pneumonia and suddenly realized that all
human activities are meaningless before the mighty Nature. Balance in Nature
is disturbed by actions of men, which in turn leads to environmental
degradation and climatic changes. This will have an adverse impact on not only
agriculture but also on all other aspects of Nature. He says that the farther you
go away from Nature, problems also going to be increased proportionately.
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Once this concept became clear to him, he resigned his job immediately and
went to his village Leolo where he started nature farming on his father’s land.
5) Dr Vandana Shiva :
Vandana Shiva raised her voice in support of farmers, women farmers and
agricultural laborers of poor countries. Through her “Navadhanyam Foundation”, she
is working for the welfare of the farmers and to help them in gaining control over their
seeds. According to Vandana “The farmer who feeds the world is a bread winner and
for him to depend upon others for seeds, fertilizers and chemicals is a new type of
colonialism which should end”. Seed development companies are destroying the lives
of farmers by introducing B.T. seeds and hybrid seeds. This must be opposed by all.
With these suggestions, she is motivating people to launch an agitation against this
policy.
SERP :- Society for Elimination of Rural Poverty (SERP) is the organization
established under the State Rural Development Ministry in Andhra Pradesh. For the
past six or seven years, this organization has been organizing sustainable agricultural
programmes with people’s participation. This programme, designed by the then
C.E.O. of SERP Mr. T. Vijay Kumar in which as many as 22 lakh farmers
participated. Under the guidance of present C.E.O. Mr. B. Rajasekhar and CMSA
Director Dr. D.V. Rayudu this programme is implemented.
Jattu Trust : Jattu Trust is implementing different food protection schemes with the
help of the experiences of farmers who are practicing traditional farming. The Jattu
Trust designed the Annapurna Crop Model.
In this food protection model for a family, except salt, all other food materials
can be cultivated on a ½ acre of land. This provides an opportunity to cultivate fruits,
Vegetables, cereals etc. Where there is water facility year long production can be
done. In rain fed model crops can be grown in two seasons. This model is recognized
as sustained and safe model. Founder of Jattu Trust, Mr. D.Pari Naidu designed this
model
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and Mr. M. Nukam Naidu helped him to develop this model. Mr. T. Vijay Kumar
former C.E.O. of SERP helped to provide ¼ acre land on lease to poor landless and
tried to change their status from a agriculture labour to farmer.
Deriving inspiration from this, Mr. D. Pari Naidu designed Annapurna family food
protection model.
Ask these question to findout what they understood :-
1.Name some organizations and workers who are working for the propagation of
nature organic farming ?
1) What are the names of traditional agricultural models that you know ?
2) What are the things you like in “Annapurna Model’ to do ?
3) In nature farming organic movement what type of seeds are you ready to
collect ?
Activities :-
1) Visit different crop models.
2) Identify photographs of organic farming designers.
3) Make them to watch short films on organic movement.
Match the following :-
1) 36 x 36 model ( ) a) Woka
2) Kalpa Vruksha ( ) b) Jattu Trust
3) 6 x 6 model ( ) c) Shubhash Palekar.
4) Ploughless farming ( ) d) Dabolkar
5) Annapurna Model ( ) e) Bhaskar Saave
4) Nature farming the uncompromising issues :-
In olden days, farmers are engaged in traditional farming. The hereditary or
ancestral agricultural system is pro-nature. In their system, they did not harm Nature.
Gradually, over the years, nature farming was ignored and chemical farming is
emerged. Now, though the farmers are aware of the demerits or challenges of
chemical farming due to non availability of the alternatives, farmers are continuing the
chemical farming. Those farmers, who understood the crisis facing agriculture and
aware of the losses incurred in chemical farming, started switching over to nature
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farming and are becoming role models to others. If you want to make natural farming
to be profitable, beneficial, one must know and follow certain aspects. They are called
uncompromised formulae.
They are:
1) Maintain fertility of soil;2) Purify seeds;3) Lude crops (bait crops);4) Boundary or boarder crops.5) Local seeds;6) Crop exchange;7) Crops without ploughing;8) Inter Crops;9) Mixed Crops;10) Mulching;11) Live Boundary.
Maintain Fertility Of Soil (Or) Soil Cultivation :-
Soil is fertile initially and in its natural form, but with human interference, it
loses its natural qualities and became barren. Therefore, he should not take up any
action that spoils the soil. The upper part of earth is highly fertile, and it reduces when
we go deep into the mainland upto 9 inches thickness is more fertile. From there, it
reduces every three inches depth. So when the roots of plants go deep and deep
availability of fertility declains. Enriching the soil is essential. Repeatedly sowing the
same kind of crops causes low nutrients in soil. Traditionally available organic goat,
Farming without ploughing :- Ploughing is not necessary in nature farming. Physical
features of the Earth will change by ploughing. The bacteria that provide manure
(compost) are extinct (eroded). As long as man combed the earth with hand tools,
healthy crops were grown now modern agriculture depending on machines so the
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bacteria, virus and fungus that do good to the soil are killed. Nutrients that should be
absorbed are getting sucked into the Earth. So the nutritional balance is not there.
Once the level of nutrients is reduced, and its effect is definitely there on yield,
diseases and immunity. When the plants are growing, their roots go deep and spread.
Their movement create gaps and make soil smooth. This hollow space provide
(supply) oxygen to earth, so the levels of nutrients will also increase in earth.
Mulching :- If rain directly hit the ground its upper layer becomes hard. Water flow
washes out the upper part of soil leaving it insipid. Heat evaporates the dampness
(moisture) in soil.
If the soil exposed to the hot Sun, life forms in the soil will be killed. So to protect the land from heat and rain, it should be covered. This covering is of two types :
1) Live mulching 2) Lifeless mulching (Straw)1) Live mulching :- On empty land or in crops, covered with plants without any
gap is called live mulching. With this covering, extra financial benefit available along with the benefits of mulching.
1. Lifeless Mulching: Covering with leaves, braches from outside on land, or in
crop and the space around the crop is called lifeless mulching. Polythene
Tarpaulin covers can also be used. But it is a costly affair and is also a danger
to environment.
Benefits of Mulching: -
1) Prevents the soil erosion;
2) Shape of land can be maintained;
3) Moisture retained;
4) Develops life in soil;
5) Reduce soil warming;
6) Enrich soil fertility;
7) Makes the soil hollow and smooth
Demerits of Mulching: - Remnants of previous crop may cause diseases. Carbon is
more in dry stems and branches. If carbon is high, nitrogen may become static. It leads
to the growth of termites and ants. . But by live mulching, i.e, land should always be
covered with one or the other crop somewhat solve the (subside) above problems.
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Live boundary: - To protect the main crop, live boundary should be grown. Every
year, we have to cut so many plants and trees to build a boundary with dry twigs. This
reduces the greenery and causes imbalance in the environment. Instead of this, if we
grow trees as a boundary which will give fruits or wood or both in long run, it not
only reduces the expenses but also generates income. Teak, custard apple, henna,
jatropa forest (hill) brooms, lemon grass, subabul, Tanner’s cassia (kagu) can be sown
as boundary crops.
Ask these questions to find out what they know :-
1. What is your opinion on nature farming?
2. Mention few of the uncompromised formulae in nature forming.
3. What are the things used to make the soil naturally fertile?
4. Mention the traditional methods of purification (treatment)
5. What are lude (prey) crops ? Name a few crops which you grow as lude crops.
6. What is boundary crop ? which crop can be grown as boundary crop ?
7. What is an inter crop ? What is a mixed crop? What is the difference between
these two crops?
8. What is mulching and what are its benefits?
9. What trees can be grown as live boundary? What are the benefits?
Activities to be done shown:
1. Make (Try) mulching in one field
2. Field trips to show boundary, lude (prey) crop and live boundary crops
Match the following :
1. Mulching ( ) a) Mary gold
2. Boundary Crop ( ) b) Henna
3. Lude (prey) crop ( ) c) Maize
4. Live boundary ( ) d) Protection of moisture dampness
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Friendly insects – Harmful (antagonist) insects in Agriculture :
Due to changes taking place in traditional agriculture and indiscriminate use of
chemical fertilizers, natural activities of some creatures are not occurring in nature.
That is the reason for the loss of many useful creatures. It is important to feel think
that the insects are part and parcel of agricultural environment. 75% of creation of
earth are insects worms. Out of which 10–15 % only are harmful to crops. Remaining
60% are helpful to crops. Parasites and symbiotics in nature control the 15% harmful
insects. If we protect (preserve) them, they naturally control these harmful insects.
The insects that preserve the crops are called friendly insects and those that cause
damage are called harmful antagonistic insects.
In modern agriculture, highly toxicant chemical pesticides are using so the
friendly insects that are helpful to crops are also dying. Spraying pesticides aiming to
kill the harmful insects but are attaining gaining immunity and friendly insects are
destroyed. In turn, more and more losses incur. So stop using chemical fertilizers and
follow natural traditional systems to save the friendly insects in the soil. . This
provides a chance to increase the fertility in the soil. . There are some other insects in
nature environment to control harmful insects. Let us discuss about them.
Harmful insects on crops are controlled by .
(a) Parasites
(b) Symbiotics
Parasites : Creatures depend on other creatures to carry on their life cycles and for
reproduction are called parasites. In agriculture, parasites continue (do) their life
cycles in harmful insects that cause damage to crops so they are called friendly
insects.
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Parasites belong to hornet or house fly family. Hornets having a thorn at the
end of its body (trunk). With this thorn, hornets inject poison and eggs into the body
of harmful insect. Then, they become unconscious or die. Hornet eggs are incubated in
harmful insects body and there itself they complete their life cycle (From eggs to larva
– larva to Pupa – Pupa to adult insect). Insects come out by tearing the body of
harmful insect. While eating leaves, through those leaves eggs of housefly enters into
the stomach of harmful insects and there they incubate and starts eating the body of
enemy insects from inside. Then they complete their life cycle inside the body of
harmful insect and come out
Symbiotics (Predators) :- Friendly insects that belong to bed bug family, live by
sucking the essence from the bodies of harmful insects. Penku Purugu Jati (Telugu)
friendly insects eat the eggs, larva, pupa of harmful insects by biting. Other than
insects, friendly spiders catch the harmful insects in their cobwebs and draw the
liquids from body and kill. While flying some non-vegetarian birds catch these
harmful insects and eat. Diseases in harmful insects also help the farmer in their
control.
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Let us know which friendly insect controls the harmful insect.
S.No. Name of the Friendly Insect Harmful insect that is displaced
1 Tricogama Hornet
2 Bracon Hornet
3 Kotitia
4 Encarcia
5 Taknid fly
6 Fly (Musuu eega)
7 Pyrate bug, other bugs
8 Akshintala Purugu (Tel)
9 Allika rekkala Purugu (Tel)
10 Karabid Penku Purugu (Tel)
11 Coco cola Penku Purupu (Tel)
12 Dragon fly
13 Rober fly
14 Hornet wasp (Black – Yellow red – Yellow)
15 Red ants
16 Grasshopper
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In olden days, natural agricultural methods were followed, so the problem of insects worms and diseases was not
there. Now in modern agricultural methods high doses of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are using, so the problem of insects and
diseases is more or high. Let us discuss know learn about different types of harmful insects and dangerous stages in their life cycles
– controlling methods.
Harmful insects that attack crops – dangerous stages in their life cycles – control.
S. No. Name of the Insect The stage that
cause damage Loss Crops they attack Control measures
1 Pacha Purugu (Tel) Larva 20 days Holes to unripe fruits (buld) buds.
Through Village level 30% of Max Surplus From 50% of max Crop Sangha Projects Sustained Profits1) 10% of Selling price Remaining 50%2) 20% of sustained profit of Cluster sangha.3) 20% of sustained profits of max. Welfare programmes
8. Maintenance of insects diseases in natural methods
Maintenance Of Insects And Diseases In Natural Methods :-
In Annapurna crop model, insects and diseases that damage different crops are
evented through nature agriculture methods. Following programmes must be followed
to maintain.
1) Treatment of Seed.
(Purification of Seed).
To get better yields, good seeds are necessary. Though the farmer prepares
good and healthy seeds, climatic conditions, tools used etc., spread the sources of
diseases and they symbiose with seeds. While sowing the seed, sources of disease
spread and develop through seed and earth and damage the crop. So seeds are to be
treated. For traditional treatment of seeds urine, dung, ash, milk, etc, are used. Prior
extermination (Prevention) is done effectively by “Beejamrutham”.
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Preparation of Beejamrutham :-
Items (for ½ acre crop)
Dung 2.5 Kgs
Urine 2.5 tls
Calcium 25 gms
Water 10 lts
Procedure :- Tie the dung in cloth. Take Water, Urine and Calcium in container and
stir thoroughly. Tied dung is to be hanged in water, urine, calcium mixture half
merged. This is to be fermented for 24 hrs. while fermentation process going on once
in every 8 hrs. stir the mixture right to left, and left to right 12 times each. After 24
hours, stir it thoroughly and squeeze the dung into the container for 5 minutes and
then filter it. Beejamrutham is read now.
How to use :- Before sowing or planting the tender plants, (Naru natemundu – Tel)
seed is to be purified. Beejamrutham can be used for all seed plant treatment of all
crops except groundnuts. Soak the seed in Beejamrutham for 10 minutes and dry it in
shade for 4 hours. Then the seed is ready to propagate. (Naaru) Tender plants are to be
merged in Beejamrutham for 10 minutes and then plant them. All variety crops,
Vegetables naru (Tel) tubers, banana Pilakalu (Tel), Sugercane, turmeric etc can be
treated in Beejamrutham.
Uses :- 1) Seeds germinate fast and in vast number. 2) Insects and diseases that are
communicated through seeds and soil are prevented. 3) Immunity in plants increases.
4) Seedlings and naaru (Tel) grow healthy. 5) By treating seeds with Beejamrutham,
micro and macro nutrients are supplied.
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Cattle Dung, Urine Solution :-
There are different insects in crops. Some are helpful and friendly, some other
insects are harmful to crops. To cut down the loss incurred to crop and to improve the
yield by reducing austerity of harmful insects, use dung urine solution.
Preparation Of The Dung – Urine Solution :-
Items (for ½ Acre crops).
Dung 2.5 Kgs
Urine 2.5 lts
Calcium 50 gms
Water 2.5 lts
Preparatory Method :- Take dung and urine into container and mix it well. Cover it
with a cloth and leave it to ferment for 4 days in shade. 3 times a day i.e. once in 8
hours remove the cover and stir the solution 12 times in anti-clock wise direction and
place the cover intact. On 5th day filter the contents by a mesh and then with a cloth.
Collect the solution and mix 50gms calcium. This reduces the acidity in dung and
urine.
Method of use :- By adding 50 lts water to the filtered solution can be sprayed on all
crops. It can be sprayed at the age of 10 days. To prevent aggi telugu (Tel) mix 75
gms asafetida powder and spray.
Uses :- While fermenting dung and urine several micro organisms develop and supply
nutrients to crops. Useful to hinder diseases.
2) Strong smell of this solution repell the insects to lay eggs on crops.
3) Immunity of crops increase.
4) Micro nutrients like nitrogen, Prosperous, Potash are supplied.
5) Increase microbes and earth warms in soil. Soil becomes healthy.
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NEEMASTRAMNeemastram can be used to prevent diseases and larvae that eat away the crop
and insects that suck the juice from plants.
Items :-
Cow urine 5 lts
Dung 1 Kg
Neempaste 5 Kgs
Water 100 lts
Method :- Neem leaves are to be pasted. Fill the drum with 100 lts of water and mix the dung and then urine. Add neem paste to it and cover with a cloth and keep it in shade. Leave to ferment for 2 days. Take a stick and stir it thoroughly, once in 8 hours. While mixing, stir it from right to left 12 times and left to right 12 times in clockwise and anticlockwise direction. After 2 days neemastram is ready to use. This can be stored for 30 days.
How to Use :- Once neemastram is ready filter with a cloth and spray on crops directly.
Uses :- 1) In fermentation process of dung and urine, micro-organisms develop and
supply nutrients to crops.2) Nitrogen, Phosphorus, potash are supplied.3) Ajaderactine in neem work as insecticide.4) Neemastram dropped on insects and their eggs make them impotent so no
chance of reproduction.5) All types of insects worms are controlled.6) Controls diseases also.
Notice :- Technical information and pictures in this book are collected Taken
from the Publications of sustained agriculture center, CMSA, Agriculture Almanac