Module 6a - Polymer Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM) Software

PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM)

Class Notes for PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM) Page 1/19 Author: Dr. Maria Antonieta Barrufet – Fall, 2001.

Learning Objectives

After completing this additional material you will be able to:

• Run waterflooding projects

• Run polymerflooding projects

• Run the comparison between polymer and waterflooding projects

• Interpret results

Waterflood/Polymer Injection Software

This document will help you get familiar with the software "Polymer Flood Predictive Model" (PFPM) which is provided by the Department of Energy (DOE) and can be downloaded from the website http://www.npto.doe.gov/Software/pmindx.html.

This website contains the software and the corresponding manual. I will encourage you to scan through the manual to grasp the main concepts of the program.

After clicking the software button for the "Polymer Flood Predictive Model" (PFPM) you will download a zip file: Wflood.ZIP. After un-zipping this file, you will obtain a set of files including the Setup.EXE. After running this file, you will install the PFPM where the program is run by clicking in the Wflood.EXE file.

Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM) Software Department of Energy (DOE) Suggested reading: PFPM Manual from DOE, MAB Class Notes

PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM)

Class Notes for PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM) Page 2/19 Author: Dr. Maria Antonieta Barrufet – Fall, 2001.

Note that you may encounter some error messages regarding some missing files (DoPrnSetup, DoPrintFile, GetCDLFile, DogetFile, BretValue, etc.) or that FoxPro can not be open. In any of these cases click the Ignore button, and continue.

This program will not run in Windows NT or Windows 2000, but it should be able to run fine in all other Windows environments.

The program "Polymer Flood Predictive Model" (PFPM) will open (Figure 1).

Figure 1 - PFPM software window.

The menu options are self-explanatory. In Project, you can create a brand new project, open an existing one, copy an existing one with another name, delete a project, validate the data entered in a project, and/or run it.

You can type the data for a new project; or you can open an old one, copy it with another name, and change the data as required.

A detailed explanation about the different windows to be filled in to enter data follows. The figures were taken based on the default project available: Base Case Incremental.

PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM)

Class Notes for PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM) Page 3/19 Author: Dr. Maria Antonieta Barrufet – Fall, 2001.

When you open a project the window in Figure 2 opens, and you can choose any of the available projects (including the ones you will eventually develop).

Figure 2 - Open a project window.

If you choose the Base Case Incremental, a window with the control cards that need to be chosen is displayed in Figure 3.

PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM)

Class Notes for PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM) Page 4/19 Author: Dr. Maria Antonieta Barrufet – Fall, 2001.

Figure 3 - Control cards window.

At the bottom of the screen, there is an Edit button that you need to press to be able to make changes. After pressing the Edit button, this button turns into a Save button. When you finished making the changes you need to Save them. The Prior/Next buttons help you change back/forth the data windows. The Quit button takes you out of the data windows to begin validating or running the chosen project.

Note that when you are in the editing mode and the cursor is in the cell of one of the options, the units and some information on the nature of this option is displayed at the bottom of the window.

In this first window (Figure 3), you can opt to run, or not economics; you can decide the process (waterflood, polymer, or incremental -the resulting difference between polymer and waterflooding); you can choose the number of streamtubes (1, 4 or 8); you can define the

PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM)

Class Notes for PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM) Page 5/19 Author: Dr. Maria Antonieta Barrufet – Fall, 2001.

heterogeneity of your reservoir (layers definition); and the lithology (sandstone or carbonate).

The next window deals with the definition of reservoir properties and some injection parameters (Figure 4).

Figure 4 - Reservoir properties window.

There are two injection parameters that need to be defined in this window: Injection Coefficient and Injection Rate Override.

• Injection Coefficient CP [psi/ft]:

The injection rate is calculated based on a given pressure drop per depth (CP). This value can be fed by the user, or calculated by the program through the default option.

PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM)

Class Notes for PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM) Page 6/19 Author: Dr. Maria Antonieta Barrufet – Fall, 2001.

CP*depth = maximum pressure drop between injector and producer. CP ranges from about 0.7 if the injectors are injecting at their fracture limit and the producers are completely pumped off; to about 0.27 if the producers have a water head. See section 1.5 of the PFPM DOE manual (pages 4 and 20). Defaults:

- If (depth<3000, and CP< 0), CP=(200.+0.433* depth)/depth;

- if (depth>3000, and CP<0), CP=((200+0.433*3000)+0.003*(depth-3000))/depth)

• Injection Rate Override QRES [RB/day]:

If the injection rate is calculated with the previous injection coefficient, QRES=0. However, the user has the option to override this calculation and feed the injection reate QRES uses as a constant injection rate over the life of the flood.

The next window will depend on the way the layers were defined in the window shown in Figure 3. For example, Figure 5 shows the case in which the layers have equal thickness, and their heterogeneity is defined by a Dykstra-Parsons coefficient (see Section 1.6 of the PFPM DOE manual).

PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM)

Class Notes for PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM) Page 7/19 Author: Dr. Maria Antonieta Barrufet – Fall, 2001.

Figure 5 - Reservoir layers properties window.

Figure 6 refers to the polymer data. In the PFPM program, the effect of non-Newtonian polymer rheology is accounted for only in the calculation of injection rate. The lower polymer viscosity due to shear near and in the injection wellbore results in a higher injectivity than would be calculated based on the average polymer viscosity in the reservoir. This increased injectivity can be simulated by introducing a negative, rate-dependent skin factor (Bondor et al., 1972). The effect of shear at the producing wells is neglected because of dilution of polymer in the reservoir. The modified Blake-Kozeny model (Bird et al., 1960) for power-law fluids is used to represent the pseudo-plastic behavior of polymer flow in porous media. For this case, the program requires data for the Power Law Coefficient and Power Law Exponent (see Section 1.7 and 1.8 of the PFPM DOE manual).

PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM)

Class Notes for PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM) Page 8/19 Author: Dr. Maria Antonieta Barrufet – Fall, 2001.

Figure 6 - Polymer data window.

The next window, Figure 7 contains the economics control data. In case all economics levels are run (decided in the card shown in Figure 3), there is additional information on Costs, Capital and Taxes (Figure 9) and in Prices and Costs (Figure 11) that is required.

PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM)

Class Notes for PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM) Page 9/19 Author: Dr. Maria Antonieta Barrufet – Fall, 2001.

Figure 7 - Economics process control data window.

PFPM software has the ability to calculate the behavior of a pattern, or the performance of a complete project. In the case of calculating the performance of a complete project, the window for Drilling data (Figure 8) and the window for defining the Pattern Initiation Schedule (Figure 10) need to be completed.

Figure 8 - Drilling data window.

PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM)

Class Notes for PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM) Page 10/19 Author: Dr. Maria Antonieta Barrufet – Fall, 2001.

Figure 9 - Costs, capital and taxes data window.

Figure 10 - Pattern initiation schedule data window.

PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM)

Class Notes for PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM) Page 11/19 Author: Dr. Maria Antonieta Barrufet – Fall, 2001.

Figure 11 - Price and cost data window.

Figure 12 - Validating window.

PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM)

Class Notes for PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM) Page 12/19 Author: Dr. Maria Antonieta Barrufet – Fall, 2001.

After entering all this data, you are ready to validate the data (Project drop-down menu). When you are validating the data, a window similar to the one shown in Figure 12 will be displayed.

Then, you will run the program (Project drop-down menu). When you want to run the program, the window shown in Figure 13 will appear in your screen asking for the name you want to put to the results file. The program will create 3 files with the same root name (the one you type in) but 3 different extensions: OUT, PLT and DAT. In this case, the program will create: Myriam.OUT, Myriam.PLT and Myriam.DAT.

BE AWARE that the program will NOT check for the previous existence of a file with the

name that you are typing; so, the program WILL OVERWRITE any file with the same

name that you typed.

Figure 13 - Run window, with the declaration of filenames.

PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM)

Class Notes for PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM) Page 13/19 Author: Dr. Maria Antonieta Barrufet – Fall, 2001.

If your run is successful, a window as the one shown in Figure 14 will be displayed. This window gives you the option to see the text output, create graphs or close.

Figure 14 - Result of the run window.

If you opt for the Text Output option, a window similar to the one shown in Figure 15 will be displayed. In this mode, you will not be able to edit or copy some of the results that appear in this window. However, you could open the *.OUT (in this case, Myriam.OUT) and you will be able to print, copy, etc., any information.

Figure 15 - Text output.

PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM)

Class Notes for PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM) Page 14/19 Author: Dr. Maria Antonieta Barrufet – Fall, 2001.

If you choose the Create Graph option, a window as the one in Figure 16 will be shown.

Figure 16 - Available graphs window.

In this window you can select the type of graphs you want. There are 4 types:

1. Relative Permeability Table,

2. Annual Pattern and Project Volumes,

3. Pattern Injection Report, and

4. Pattern Production Report.

This window also directs you to the Economics Graphs. After clicking the Economics Graph button, a window as the one in Figure 17 will appear.

PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM)

Class Notes for PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM) Page 15/19 Author: Dr. Maria Antonieta Barrufet – Fall, 2001.

Figure 17 - Available economics graphs window.

This is all that it takes to get results form the PFPM software!

However, entering the data and getting the results are NOT all what is

involved… Now, you have to

- get familiar with the software,

- run some cases changing the data, and

- interpret the results!

PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM)

Class Notes for PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM) Page 16/19 Author: Dr. Maria Antonieta Barrufet – Fall, 2001.

Some examples of the graphs that can be created follow.

Figure 18 - Example of choosing a permeability graph window.

PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM)

Class Notes for PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM) Page 17/19 Author: Dr. Maria Antonieta Barrufet – Fall, 2001.

Figure 19 - Permeability graph window.

Figure 20 - Oil rate vs. time graph window.

PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM)

Class Notes for PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM) Page 18/19 Author: Dr. Maria Antonieta Barrufet – Fall, 2001.

Figure 21 - Cumulative water vs. time graph window.

Figure 22 - WOR vs. time graph window.

PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM)

Class Notes for PETE 609 – Polymer/Water Flood Predictive Model (PFPM) Page 19/19 Author: Dr. Maria Antonieta Barrufet – Fall, 2001.

Figure 23 - Cumulative water and polymer vs. time graph window.