Module 6 Module 6 MM5: Overview MM5: Overview William J. Gutowski, Jr. William J. Gutowski, Jr. Iowa State University Iowa State University
Module 6 Module 6 MM5: OverviewMM5: Overview
William J. Gutowski, Jr.William J. Gutowski, Jr.Iowa State UniversityIowa State University
GOALS:GOALS:Flow of information in MM5 systemFlow of information in MM5 systemTasks of individual codesTasks of individual codesEmphasis on climate simulation Emphasis on climate simulation
Module 6 Module 6 MM5: OverviewMM5: Overview
OUTLINE:OUTLINE:
Overall SystemOverall System
PreprocessingPreprocessing
MM5 detailsMM5 details
Module 6 Module 6 MM5: OverviewMM5: Overview
OUTLINE:OUTLINE:
Overall SystemOverall System
Module 6 Module 6 MM5: OverviewMM5: Overview
REGRID
INTERPF
MM5 Modeling System
Preprocessing
TERRAIN
REGRID
INTERPF
MM5
MM5 Modeling System
Preprocessing
Simulation
TERRAIN
REGRID
INTERPF
MM5
Output Analysis
MM5 Modeling System
Preprocessing
Simulation
Postprocessing
TERRAIN
GRAPH/RIP
TERRAIN
REGRID
MM5
Output Analysis
MM5 Modeling System
RAWINS/little_r
INTERPB
NESTDOWN
INTERPF
GRAPH/RIP
MM5 Coordinates: Vertical
σ = p- ptop( ) psurf -ptop( )
σ =1
σ =0ptop
psurf
MM5 Coordinates: Vertical
σ = p- ptop( ) psurf -ptop( )
σ =1
σ =0ptop
psurf
˙ σ ,w
u,v,T,q,p'
MM5 Coordinates: Horizontal
I
J(1,1)
(IMAX,JMAX)
MM5 Coordinates: Horizontal
X X X
X X X
X X X
I
J(1,1)
(IMAX,JMAX)
MM5 Coordinates: Horizontal
X X X
X X X
X X X
I
J(1,1)
(IMAX,JMAX)
u,v
T,q,p’,wArakawa
B-grid
MM5 Modeling System
How does a “flat” grid ...
X X
X X
MM5 Modeling System
How does a “flat” grid ...
...represent part of the spherical earth?
X X
X X ?
MM5 Modeling System
By projection to a flat plane
MM5 Modeling System
PolarStereographic
True at 90o
MM5 Modeling System
Lambert Conformal
True at, e.g.,30o and 60o
MM5 Modeling System
Mercator
True at 0o
MM5 Modeling System
Map Factor:m = (distance on grid)/(distance on earth)
MM5 Modeling System
Forcing Frame:for lateral
boundary conditions“free” interior
MM5 Modeling System
Other Features: • Nonhydrostatic
• Grid nesting
dwdt
−u2 +v2
a=−
1ρ
∂p∂z
+2Ωucosφ −g+Frz
OUTLINE:OUTLINE:
Overall SystemOverall System
PreprocessingPreprocessing
Module 6 Module 6 MM5: OverviewMM5: Overview
REGRID
INTERPF
Preprocessing
Preprocessing
TERRAIN
Preprocessing
Data preparation: topography land use gridded, 3-D atmospheric fields
wind temperature humidity geopotential height
initial surface conditions soil moisture soil temperature
(direct observations)
Preprocessing
TERRAIN(1) establishes model domain and grid(2) interpolates topographic and land use data to model grid
Preprocessing
TERRAIN domain specifications:• projection
Preprocessing
TERRAIN domain specifications:• projection• central latitude/longitude
Preprocessing
TERRAIN domain specifications:• projection• central latitude/longitude• # of grid points
(IMAX,JMAX)
Preprocessing
TERRAIN domain specifications:• projection• central latitude/longitude• # of grid points• grid spacing
(IMAX,JMAX)
X, Y
Preprocessing
TERRAIN input:1. Topographic data
• 1o
• 30 min.• 10 min.• 5 min.• 30 sec.
Preprocessing
TERRAIN input:
2. Land use/vegetation data
• PSU/NCAR (13 categories,
global)
• SiB (17 categories, North
America)
• USGS (25 categories, global)
Preprocessing
TERRAIN input:
3. Land/water mask
• SiB (North America)
• USGS (global)
Preprocessing
TERRAIN input:
4. Soil texture
5. Monthly vegetation fraction
6. Deep soil temperature
Preprocessing
TERRAIN interpolation options:
• 16-point, 2-D overlapping parabolic fit
(all TERRAIN fields)
• Cressman-type objective analysis
(topography only)
Preprocessing
TERRAIN output files:
terrestrial data files
printout (run information) file
plot file in NCAR Graphics format
REGRID
INTERPF
Preprocessing
Preprocessing
TERRAIN
Preprocessing
REGRIDInterpolates gridded atmospheric data horizontally to model grid
Preprocessing
REGRID input:• TERRAIN output• Atmospheric analysis on pressure levels
Preprocessing
REGRID output:• Atmospheric data on model’s horizontal grid (on pressure levels)
REGRID
INTERPF
Preprocessing
Preprocessing
TERRAIN
Preprocessing
INTERPF•Interpolates atmospheric data vertically to
model grid•Generates surface fields: pressure, air
temperature•Initializes nonhydrostatic model
Preprocessing
INTERPF1. Ingest REGRID output2. Interpolate vertically to coordinate3. Output initial conditions & lateral
boundary conditions
OUTLINE:OUTLINE:
Overall SystemOverall System
PreprocessingPreprocessing
MM5 detailsMM5 details
Module 6 Module 6 MM5: OverviewMM5: Overview
REGRID
INTERPF
MM5
MM5 details
Preprocessing
Simulation
TERRAIN
Conservation laws:(1) Projected to model grid(2) Transformed to sigma coordinates
MM5 details
dudt
−uvtanφ
a+
uwa
=−1ρ
∂p∂x
+2Ωvsinφ−2Ωwcosφ+Frx
∂u∂t
+mρ
(∂ ′ p ∂x
−σp*
∂p*∂x
∂ ′ p ∂σ
) =
−V ⋅∇u+v( f +u∂m∂y
−v∂m∂x
)−ewcosα −uwrearth
+Du
Earlier:
Tutorial, p.8-4:
Conservation laws:(1) Projected to model grid(2) Transformed to sigma coordinates
MM5 details
dudt
−uvtanφ
a+
uwa
=−1ρ
∂p∂x
+2Ωvsinφ−2Ωwcosφ+Frx
∂u∂t
+mρ
(∂ ′ p ∂x
−σp*
∂p*∂x
∂ ′ p ∂σ
) =
−V ⋅∇u+v( f +u∂m∂y
−v∂m∂x
)−ewcosα −uwrearth
+Du
Earlier:
Tutorial, p.8-4:
Time Stepping:
MM5 details
t t
n-1 n n+1
T, q, advection, physics, boundary, coriolis, diffusion terms
Long (leapfrog) step
Split-explicit Time Stepping:
MM5 details
t t
n-1 n n+1
T, q, advection, physics, boundary, coriolis, diffusion terms
pressure gradients, divergence terms
Short (forward) step
Long (leapfrog) step
MM5 details
Convection parameterization
Options -• None• Anthes-Kuo• Grell• Arakawa-Schubert• Fritsch-Chappell• Kain-Fritsch• Betts-Miller• Shallow Cumulus
MM5 details
Explicit Moisture Schemes
Options -• Dry• Stable• Warm microphysics• Simple ice• Mixed phase• Goddard• Reisner graupel• Schultz microphysics
Planetary Boundary Layer Schemes
MM5 details
Options -• None• Bulk• High-Res. Blackadar• Burk-Thompson• Eta • MRF• Gayno-Seaman
MM5 details
Radiation Schemes
Options -• None• Simple cooling• Cloud-radiation• CCM2• RRTM longwave
MM5 details
Land Surface Schemes
Options -• None•Force-Restore• Five-Layer Soil• OSU/Eta Land-Surface Model
MM5 details
Scheme Couplings
RadiationRadiation
SurfaceSurface
Explicit MoistureExplicit Moisture ConvectionConvection
PBLPBL
cloud
moistening
downward SW & LW
upward LW& albedo
sfc. fluxes
sfc. T,q,wind
REGRID
INTERPF
MM5
Output Analysis
MM5 Modeling System
Preprocessing
Simulation
Postprocessing
TERRAIN
GRAPH/RIP