Module 5 - Early Childhood Illness Revised Dec15

8/12/2019 Module 5 - Early Childhood Illness Revised Dec15

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Module 5Early Childhood Illnesses

Introduction

I n this module, women will learn how to treat andprevent common illnesses of children. They will also

learn about immunization and growth monitoring toensure their childrens survival and development.

Objectives

The module aims to:

1. Educate the participants on the common illnesses ofchildren;

2. Enable the participants to acquire the knowled e on propercare and mana ement of different illnesses of children;

!. "romote the importance of newborn screenin ;

#. Inform the participants on the communicable immuni$ablediseases; and

%. Equip the participants with the knowled e and skills onearly detection and pre&ention of early childhooddisabilities.

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Table of Contents

Topic Page

Session Flow %Session 1:'e&er (Session 2:Cou h)Colds !*Session 3:+iarrhea %,Session 4:-cabies *Session 5:"arasitism //Session 6:

0ana ement of ther Childhood Illnesses (1Session 7:ewborn -creenin 11#Session 8:-i3 Communicable Immuni$able +iseases 12%Session 9:Early +etection and "re&ention of Childhood+isabilities 1!#Annex A:Saha ng Saging 1#Annex :"ostural +raina e 1#(Annex !:-team Inhalation 1%!

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Topic Page

Annex ":"roper 4andwashin "rocedure 1%#Annex #:The 4erbal 0edicines in the "hilippines 1%%Annex F:The 5ife Cycle of "inworm 1%(Annex $:Ang Buhay ng Hoo worm 1*1Annex %:5ife Cycle of 6oundworm 78scaris9 1*2Annex &:5ife Cycle of Trichuris 7 hipworm9 1*!Annex ':4erbal 0edicines 1*#

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Session Flow

Topics Me()odolog* Ma(e+ials,eeded

Ti-eAllo(-en(

Session1:'e&er

8cti&ity 1:-harin on'e&er

5ecture+iscussion

8cti&ity 2:+emonstration)6eturn+emonstrationon 4ow to0ake 5ar&aeTraps for+en ue0osquitoes

5ecture+iscussion

8cti&ity !:+emonstrationon the 5C+>laptop>chalk>whiteboardmarker>empty plasticbottles of 1.%soft drinks>black paint>small pieces ofwood>chemical solution

from + -T>scissors

2 hours

Session2:

8cti&ity 1.-harin on

handouts>"owerpoint>

1.% hours

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Ti-eAllo(-en(

Cou h)Colds

Cou h>CommonColds and"neumonia

8cti&ity 2:+emonstration)6eturn+emonstrationon "ercussion

and "ostural+raina e

5ecture+iscussion

5C+>laptop>chalk>whiteboardmarker> doll 7si$e of ababy9 if a&ailable

Session3:+iarrhea

8cti&ity 1.-harin ondiarrhea

5ecture+iscussion

8cti&ity 1:+emonstration)6eturn+emonstrationon 4ow to"repare

6E- 5

handouts>"owerpoint>5C+>laptop>chalk>whiteboardmarker> sample packs ofral 6ehydration-olution 7 6-9>salt>su ar>teaspoon>tablespoon> lasses> pitcherof water

1.% hours

Session4:



1.% hours

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Ti-eAllo(-en(

-cabies -cabies 5ecture+iscussion

8cti&ity 2:+emonstrationon 4ow to"repare a?arlic

intment

5C+>laptop>chalk>whiteboardmarker>sto&e>wooden spoon forcookin7sando 9>fryin pan>empty medicinebottle>arlic clo&es>candle>coconut oil

Session5:"arasitism

8cti&ity 1.-harin on"arasitism 5ecture+iscussion


5C+>laptop>chalk>whiteboardmarker

1 hour

Session6:0ana ement of

therChildhoodIllnesses

8cti&ity 1.-harin onChildhoodIllnesses

5ecture+iscussion

handouts>"owerpoint>5C+>laptop>chalk>whiteboardmarker

1 hour

Session7:



1 hour

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Ti-eAllo(-en(

ewborn-creenin

ewborn-creenin

5ecture+iscussion

5C+>laptop>chalk>whiteboardmarker

Session8:-i3CommunicableImmuni$able+iseases

8cti&ity 1.-harin onImmuni$ation

5ecture+iscussion

handouts>"owerpoint>5C+>laptop>

chalk>whiteboardmarker

1 hour

Session9:Early+etection and"re&ention ofChildhood+isabilities

8cti&ity 1.-harinin onChildhood+isabilities

5ecture+iscussion

handouts>"owerpoint>5C+>laptop>chalk>

whiteboardmarker

1 hour

S#SS&., 1

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F#/#0

Introduction

@oun children particularly , * years old are easily prone todisease because it is the time when their immune system is notfully de&eloped. omen and other members of the family shouldbe aware and should know early ways to respond when a child hasa fe&er.

Session Objectives

8t the end of the session> the participants should be able to :

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2 4ours

Methodology

?roup sharin 5ecture)discussion +emonstration

Materials

4andouts "owerpoint> 5C+> 5aptop Chalk> hiteboard marker Empty plastic bottles =ottles of 1.% softdrinks =lackpaint -mall pieces of wood Chemical solution from + -T -cissors

Procedure

Ac(i i(* 1: S)a+ing on Fe e+

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1. 8sk the participants the followinquestions:

a. 4ow do you determine if yourchild has fe&erB

b. hat do you usually do if yourchild has fe&erB

c. hat do you think are thecauses of fe&erB

2. rite key words of the responses onthe board.

!. -ynthesi$e all the responses andproceed to the discussion of the ey 5earnin "oints.

ey !earning Points

The ey 4ealth 0essa es for Emer encies: "hilippines ofthe +epartment of 4ealth 7+ 49 in 2,,/ is the referencefor this session.

1 Fe e+ body temperature which is hi her than normaltemperature of !/DC. 'e&er is not a disease it is only asi n)symptom of a disease or an infection that is normally

conta ious.

2 Fe e+ !ausing "iseases

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a T*p)oid Fe e+

T*p)oid Fe e+ is a life threatenin illness with fe&erfor at least % days accompanied by weakness>constipation or diarrhea> and abdominal discomfortwith Salmonella typhi rown from blood or stool.

!ause

Infection is caused by salmonella typhi bacteriathat li&e only in humans.

Mode o T+ans-ission

In estion of food and water contaminated withhuman waste.

"ersons with typhoid fe&er carry the bacteria in thebloodstream and intestinal tract. 8 small number ofpersons> called carriers> reco&er from typhoid fe&erbut continue to carry the bacteria. =oth sick personsand carriers shed Salmonella typhi in their stools.

Signs and S*-p(o-s

-ustained hi h fe&er 4eadache eakness 5oss of appetite +iarrhea or constipation and abdominal discomfort =lood in stools

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In some cases> patients ha&e a rash of flat> rosecolored spots.

P+e en(ion =oil water for drinkin . 7 e3tend boilin for two or more minutes9 or +o water chlorination Cook food well and always use food co&er to

pre&ent flies and other insects from contaminatinthem.

ash thorou hly all &e etables and fruits especially

those that are eaten raw. 8&oid eatin street &ended foods. ash hands with soap and water after usin the

toilet and before eatin . eep surroundin clean to pre&ent breedin of flies. ?et &accinated a ainst typhoid fe&er

%ow (o Manage &--edia(e T+ea(-en(

=rin suspected cases immediately to the nearesthealth center or hospital.

# ec(s

Infection Intestinal bleedin

0enin itis +eath

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Mala+ia

Mala+ia is a disease transmitted throu h a bite of aninfected female Anopheles mosquito. It usually bitesdurin ni httime.

!ause

Caused by an infected Anopheles mosquito.

Mode o T+ans-ission

0alaria is spread when an infected Anophelesmosquito bites a person. This is the only type ofmosquito that can spread malaria. The mosquitobecomes infected by bitin an infected person anddrawin blood that contains the parasite. hen thatmosquito bites another person> that person becomesinfected.

Signs and S*-p(o-s

Chills 4i h fe&er rade -weatin -e&ere headache

P+e en(ion


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Infection caused by: Aedes Aegypti, thetransmitter of the disease is a day bitin mosquito

Mode o T+ans-ission:

Aedes Aegypti, the transmitter of the disease>is a day bitin mosquito which lays e s in clearand sta nant water found in flower &ases> cans> rainbarrels> old rubber tires> etc. The adult mosquitoesrest in dark places of the house.

It is spread by the bite of an Aedes mosquito>The mosquito transmits the disease by bitin aninfected person and then bitin someone else.

Signs and S*-p(o-s

-udden onset of hi h fe&er which may last 2 to/ days

oint F muscle pain and pain behind the eyes eakness -kin rashes G maculopopular rash or red tiny

spots on the skin called petechiae osebleedin when fe&er starts to subside 8bdominal pain

Homitin of coffee colored matter +ark colored stools

P+e en(ion

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-earch and destroy breedin places ofmosquitoes

-ince there is no &accine to pre&ent den ue>eliminatin mosquito breedin sites is one ofthe key pre&enti&e measures.+iscard items that can collect rain or run offwater> especially old tires. +en ue carryinmosquitoes often lay their e s in artificial>rather than natural containers that ha&e fairlyclean water like rainwater.Co&er water drums and water pails at alltimes to pre&ent mosquitoes from breedin .6eplace water in flower &ases once week.Clean all water containers once a week.-crub the sides well to remo&e e s ofmosquitoes stickin to the sides.Clean utters of lea&es and debris so thatrain water will not collect as breedin placesfor of mosquitoes.ld tires used as roof support should be

punctured or cut to a&oid accumulation ofwater.Collect and dispose all unusable tins> Aars>bottles and other items that can collect andhold water.6e ularly chan e the water in outdoor birdbaths> flower &ases> and pet and animal

water containers.

"rotect self from mosquito bites


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- 8pplyin mosquito repellants on skin- earin lon slee&ed shirts and lon

pants tucked into socks when outside thehouse

- 8&oid hea&ily populated residentialareas.

- earin lon slee&es and paAamas atni ht

-leep under mosquito net 7insecticide

treated mosquito net> if possible9.

If a person has a symptoms of den ue> reporttra&el history to a doctor.


There is no specific treatment for den ue. "ersons

with den ue fe&er should rest and drink plenty offluids. +en ue hemorrha ic fe&er is treated byreplacin lost fluids. -ome sick persons needtransfusions to control bleedin .

'ollow treatment re imen. Take medicines asprescribed. +o not take aspirin.

# ec(s

4i h fe&er "ossible death

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"##lication

'or the participants to:

1. 8dminister the proper care andmana ement of a fe&er associated with &arious diseaseswhen a child is sick in the family.

This is the continuation of the lecture discussion.

&nno a(ion (o Fig)( "engue P+epa+a(ion o a+ aeT+aps o+ "engue Mos ui(oes

8s seen in www.Inquirer.net > the +epartment of-cience and Technolo y 7+ -T9 has de&eloped amosquito trap that checks the spread of the &irus.The trap has successfully passed laboratory testsand was subAected to field tests in %,, households inue$on City and %,, households in 0arikina City.

+ -T in&ented a mosquito trap> a small plasticblack container with a black Jor anicK solutionde&eloped by epidemiolo ists and a piece of wood.The mosquitoes are attracted by the color> as well as

the solution> which has fumes. The insects atherinside the container and lay their e s> but thelar&ae end up bein killed there. The solution willkill 1,,L of the lar&ae. The trap will pre&entmosquitoes from multiplyin since the e s andlar&ae will be killed durin har&est time.

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The container and solution cost "!, or less from+ -T or people can Aust come up with their ownplastic container and buy the solution> which> inturn> will cost only "% a pack.

%ow (o p+epa+e ()e la+ ae (+aps :Collect 1.% liters empty bottles of softdrinks.Cut the bottles into hal&es.+iscard the upper portion of the bottles anduse black paint to paint the lower portion. "ut the solution and the piece of wood.

Plan(ing ()e (+aps and )a+ es(ing ()e la+ ae "lant)"lace the trap in strate ic places. 4ar&est the killed lar&a after a week +estroy the lar&a.

Procedure

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Ac(i i(* 2: "e-ons(+a(ion 0e(u+n "e-ons(+a(ion in Ma inga+ ae T+aps o+ "engue Mos ui(oes

This acti&ity will ser&e as a break from the continuous session onthe fe&er causin diseases.

1. "rior to the dayDs session> theparticipants are informed that they ha&e to brin emptyplastic bottles of 1.% liters soft drinks to make lar&ae traps.

2. ther materials should be prepared like

scissors> black paint> pieces of small wood and chemicalsolution.

!. +emonstrate how to prepare a lar&aetrap while the participants obser&e.

#. The participants will do the returndemonstration.

P+ocessing

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1. 8sk the participants the followin questions:

a A ec(i e e el

hile you are preparin the lar&ae trap> what wasyour reactionB

!ogni(i e e el

hat benefit can you deri&e from the acti&ityB

"##lication


1. =rin their lar&ae trap and plant them intheir homes.

2. 4ar&est and kill the lar&ae that aretrapped.

!. to pre&ent mosquitoes from breedin

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$ote to the Facilitator

#larify with the participants that though the traps cancatch the larvae to be illed, it is also a way of$detecting% the presence of mos&uitoes. 'f mos&uitoes

thrive in their areas, then the participants should ta eactions by eradicating them through staging cleaningoperations and also having personal preventivemeasures.

ey !earning Points

This is the continuation of the 5ecture +iscussion.

d Measles

Measles is a &iral disease G a hi hly communicabledisease. It spreads easily from person to person. It ischaracteri$ed by an itchy skin rash. The rash often startson the head and mo&es down the body.

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!ause

Caused by rubeola and rubella &iruses. Therubeola &irus is one of the most conta ious &irusesknown to man.

Mode o T+ans-ission

=y droplets spread from person to personcaused by snee$in > cou hin > and close personalcontact.

Signs and S*-p(o-s ?enerali$ed blotchy rashes> lastin for ! or

more days 'e&er 7 abo&e ! MC or JhotK to touch9 and 8ny of the followin :

Cou h6unny nose6ed eyes)conAuncti&itis

P+e en(ion

Immuni$ation with measles &accine at ( monthsold.

Hitamin 8 supplementation durin routinemeasles &accination

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utritional support and oral rehydration to increase

body resistance and replace lost body fluids causedby cou hin > diarrhea and perspiration.

8ntibiotics as prescribed by physician to treat bodyinfections.

?i&in of supplementation amon infants andchildren dia nosed with measles.

# ec(s !o-plica(ions

+iarrhea (titis media "neumonia )ncephalitis 0alnutrition =lindness

e !)ic enpox

Chickenpo3 is one of the classic childhood diseases. 8child may de&elop hundreds of itchy> fluid filled

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blisters that burst and form crusts. It is caused by a&irus.

!ause

Infection caused by varicella virus.

Mode o T+ans-ission

"erson to person by direct contact> droplet or airborne spread of fluid or secretions from personswith chickenpo3. Conta ious fi&e days before andfi&e days after the appearance of blisters.

Signs and S*-p(o-s

8ppearance of reddish skin lesions which laterbecome blisters on the !rd #th day of fe&er

eakness 0uscle and Aoint pains -udden onset of fe&er

P+e en(ion

8&oid crowded areas durin epidemics Isolate known cases Haccine is a&ailable as precautionary measures

and as per doctorDs ad&ice.


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Chickenpo3 rashes will disappear in 1 2 weekstime e&en without treatment

-eek immediate medical care. now thelocation of the nearest health worker) health facility.

6efer any person suspected of ha&inchickenpo3 to the health worker)hospital.

Those who had the disease before are alreadyimmune and will not ha&e the disease a ain.

# ec(s

-cars

Tu e+culosis

Tu e+culosis is a bacterial infection. The bacteriaattack the lun s> but it can also dama e other partsof the body.

0an or deceased cattle ser&e as the reser&oir of thebacteria.

Incubation period is about # to 12 weeks frominfection or a year or two after infection ofpulmonary or e*trapulmonary tuberculosis.

8 person who e3cretes tubercle bacilli iscommunicable. The de ree of communicabilitydepends upon the number of e3creted bacilli in theair> &irulence of the bacilli and en&ironmentalconditions like o&ercrowdin .

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-usceptibility to infection is eneral. The risk ofde&elopin the disease is hi hest in children underthree years. 8 person with weak immune systemwill likely to et T=.

!ause

Caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mode o T+ans-ission

=y droplets infection> that is throu hinhalation of bacilli when a person with T=cou hs> snee$es or talks.

=y dust inhalation of bacilli which ha&edried on the surface of the round or floor andbecome suspended in the air.

Signs and S*-p(o-s

8 history of contact with a suspected orconfirmed case of pulmonary tuberculosis.

+oes not return to normal health aftermeasles or whoopin cou h

-i nificant wei ht loss> cou h and whee$e

which do not respond to antibiotic therapy foracute respiratory disease. 8bdominal swellin with a hard painless

mass and free fluid

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"ainful firm or soft swellin in a roup ofsuperficial lymph nodes

8ny bone or Aoint lesion of slow onset -i ns su estin menin itis disease in the

central ner&ous system

P+e en(ion

If infected with T=> the followin should bepracticed to a&oid infectin others:

Co&er your mouth when cou hin and yournose when snee$in .

+o not cou h nor snee$e directly in front ofother people.

ash your hands with soap and water afterco&erin mouth)nose when cou hin )snee$in .

# ec(s

0orbidity and mortality rates are hi her inde&elopin countries

g ep(ospi+osis

ep(ospi+osis is caused by e3posure to se&eral types ofthe +eptospira bacteria with an incubation period of /

G 1, day> which can be found in fresh water that hasbeen contaminated by animal urine.

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!ause

Infection caused by leptospira bacteria.

Mode o T+ans-ission

Entry of the leptospira bacteria throu hwounds when in contact with flood waters>&e etation

0oist soil contaminated with the urine ofinfected animals> especially rats.

Signs and S*-p(o-s

'e&er on specific symptoms of muscle pain>

headache Calf muscle pain and reddish eyes for some

cases -e&ere cases result to li&er in&ol&ement> kidney

failure or brain in&ol&ement. Thus some cases mayha&e yellowish body discolori$ation> darkGcoloredurine and li ht stools> low urine output> se&ereheadache.

P+e en(ion

8&oid swimmin or wadin in potentiallycontaminated water or flood water.


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+rain potentially contaminated water whenpossible

Control rats in the household by usin rattraps or rat poison> maintainin cleanliness in thehouse.


Take medicines)antibiotics duly prescribed by adoctor.

6eturn on the scheduled follow up &isit. Early reco nition and treatment within two days

of illness to pre&ent complications so an earlyconsultation is ad&ised.

2. 'or all the aforementioned fe&er causin diseases> brinsuspected cases immediately to the nearest health center orhospital.

3 %ow (o Manage P+o ide an &--edia(e T+ea(-en( o+Fe e+

a. "lace the child in a comfortable room with openwindows

b. 5et the child wear comfortable clothes.c. +o not wrap the child with thick blanketd. -pon e bath the child with tap water

e. 5et the child drink plenty of water.f. ?i&e paracetamol to lower down the body temperature. "ut cold compress in the forehead

h. 6emo&e the childDs clothes if he)she has hi h fe&er.=rin immediately to the nearest hospital.

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#. 5et the participants ha&e the chance to feel and touch thesaha.

"##lication


1. Try to use banana trunk in lowerin body temperature of aperson with fe&er.

Synthesis

4a&in fe&er is not a disease rather it is a si n)symptom of adisease or an infection that normally is conta ious. +iseases thatmanifest fe&er at the onset of acquirin them include typhoid fe&er>malaria> den ue> measles> chicken fo3> tuberculosis andleptospirosis. "roper care and mana ement of a child with fe&ershould be undertaken and persistence of fe&er after ! days> thechild must be brou ht immediately to the doctor for medicalattention.

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S#SS&., 2 C


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1. 5earn about cou h> common colds and pneumonia; and

2. 8dminister the proper care and mana ement of cou h>common colds and pneumonia.

Estimated time

1 4our and !, 0inutes

Methodology

?roup sharin +emonstration)6eturn +emonstration 5ecture)+iscussion

Materials

4andouts "owerpoint> 5aptop> 5C+ Chalk> hiteboard marker +oll

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Procedure

Ac(i i(* 1: S)a+ing on !oug); !o--on !olds and Pneu-onia

1. -tart the discussion by askin the participants the followinquestions:

hat do you think are the causes and si ns andsymptoms of cou h> common colds and pneumoniaB

4ow do you usually treat cou h> common colds andpneumoniaB

2. rite the responses on the board.

!. -ynthesi$e the responses of the participants and lead thediscussion to the ey 5earnin "oints.

ey !earning Points

1. 'rom 'acts for 5ife published by the "hilippineInformation 8 ency in cooperation of the


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a. If the child with a cou h is breathin much morerapidly than normal> then the child is at risk. It isessential to et the child to a health center or hospitalquickly.

b. 'amilies can help pre&ent pneumonia by makin surethat babies are breastfed for at least the first si3 monthsof life and that all children are well nourished and fullyimmuni$ed.

c. 8 child with a cou h or colds should be helped to eat

and drink plenty of liquids.

d. 8 child with a cou h or cold should be kept warm butnot hot> and should breathe clean> non smoky air.

2 !oug)

!oug) is a symptom of other illnesses related to throat>bronchi and lun s.

Cou h can be:

a. +ry cou h with phle m !pharyngitis > colds>smokin > flu> measles and worm9

b. Cou h with phle mc. Cou h with asthmad. Cou h with difficulty in breathine. n and off cou h> emphysema and smokers cou hf. Cou h with combination of bloodg. Cou h with wei ht loss

!ause

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Chronic cou h is caused by asthma >allergic rhinitis ,sinus problems 7for e3ample sinus infection 9> and

esophageal reflu* of stomach contents. In rare occasions> chronic cou h may be the result ofaspiration of forei n obAects into the lun s 7usually inchildren9.

Signs and S*-p(o-s

'e&er

- hortness of breath ' lu like symptoms 5abored breathin Chest pain ther coe3istin symptoms may include headache >

fati ue > weakness > sore throat > strider> whee$in >paleness > blueness of the skin !cyanosis " and rash .

Mode o T+ans-ission

"erson to person transmission throu h cou hin

P+e en(ion

+o not i&e medicines immediately to stop cou hin ?i&e child plenty of water e&ery day. 8&oid crowded places. If cou h is se&ere> do the postural draina e after the

steam inhalation twice a day. efer to Anne* B!-ostural rainage".

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?i&e steam inhalation for 1% minutes. efer toAnne* # !Steam 'nhalation".

8&oid smoke particles and dusty places.

T+ea(-en(

Cou hs are not necessarily dan erous. If you ha&e asimple dry cou h with a runnin nose> then they are theclassical symptoms of a common cold which can beeasily cured by merely waitin .

&er treatin a common cold with dru s is notad&isable as it is a protecti&e mechanism and henceshould not be stopped. The therapies may end upmaskin a deeper underlyin problem. and preferably only fortemporary relief from ni htGtime cou hin .

# ec(s

o clear effects.

2 !o--on !old

The co--on cold > also known as a &iral upper respiratorytract infection> is a self limited conta ious illness that canbe caused by a number of different types of &iruses that the

body ne&er builds up resistance a ainst all of them. 'or thisreason> colds are a frequent and recurrin problem.

!ause

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Caused by many &iruses

Signs and S*-p(o-s

asal stuffiness or draina e -ore or scratchy throat -nee$in 4 oarseness Cou h 'e&er

4eadache Tiredness =ody ache

Mode o T+ans-ission

-pread by direct hand to hand contact with infectedsecretions or from contaminated surfaces.

T+ea(-en( There is no cure for the common cold. 4ome treatment is directed at alle&iatin the

symptoms associated with the common cold andallowin this self limitin illness to run its course.

-upporti&e measures for the common cold includerest and drinkin plenty of fluids. &er the counter medications such as throat

lo$en es> throat sprays> cou h drops> and cou h syrupsmay also help brin relief.

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# ec(s

eakened immune system If the illness continues> the body becomes e&en weaker. -usceptibility to other more dan erous and complicated

diseases such as pneumonia and influen$a > which attimes can be fatal.

Can lead to sinusitis > bronchitis > hypothermia > strep throat and otitis media .

If chronic lun disease is present> such as asthma > there

is a risk of the illness bein a ra&ated> leadin tofrequent attacks.

3 Pneu-onia

Pneu-onia is a eneral term that refers to an infection ofthe lun s> which can be caused by a &ariety ofmicroor anisms > includin &iruses> bacteria> fun i> andparasites. ften pneumonia be ins after an upperrespiratory tract infection 7an infection of the nose andthroat9. hen this happens> symptoms of pneumonia be inafter 2 or ! days of a cold or sore throat.

!auses

Caused by a &ariety of &irus> bacteria andsometimes fun i.

Signs and S*-p(o-s

-ymptoms of pneumonia &ary> dependin on thea e of the child and the cause of the pneumonia.

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Common symptoms include:

'e&erChillsCou h bluish or ray color of the lips andfin ernails

-ometimes a childNs only symptom is rapidbreathin . -ometimes when the pneumonia is in thelower part of the lun s near the abdomen> there maybe no breathin problems> but there may be fe&erand abdominal pain or &omitin .hen pneumonia is caused by bacteria> an infectedchild usually becomes sick relati&ely quickly ande3periences the sudden onset of hi h fe&er andunusually rapid breathin . hen pneumonia iscaused by &iruses> symptoms tend to appear moreradually and are often less se&ere than in bacterialpneumonia. hee$in may be more common in&iral pneumonia.

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-ome types of pneumonia cause symptoms that i&eimportant clue about which erm is causin theillness. 'or e3ample> in older kids and adolescents>pneumonia due to /ycoplasma 7also calledwalkin pneumonia9 is notorious for causin a sorethroat and headache in addition to the usualsymptoms of pneumonia.In infants> pneumonia due to chlamydia may causecon0unctivitis 7pink eye9 with only mild illnessand no fe&er. hen pneumonia is due to whoopin

cou h 7 pertussis" > the child may ha&e loncou hin spells> turn blue from lack of air> or makea classic OwhoopO sound when tryin to take abreath.

Mode o T+ans-ission

-ome cases of pneumonia are contracted by breathin insmall droplets that contain the or anisms that can causepneumonia. These droplets et into the air when a personinfected with these erms coug)s or snee$es. In othercases> pneumonia is caused when bacteria or &iruses thatare normally present in the mouth> throat> or noseinad&ertently enter the lun .

P+e en(ion -top smokin . 8&oid contact with people who ha&e respiratory

tract infections > such as colds and influen$a 7flu9. If a person has not had measles or chickenpo3 or

otten &accines a ainst these diseases> a&oid contactwith people who ha&e these infections. "neumonia can

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be a complication of measles or chickenpo3> so ettinthese infections can put you at risk for ettinpneumonia.

ash hands often. Haccination


+octors use antibiotics to treat pneumonia causedby bacteria> the most common cause of the condition.The number of days you take antibiotics depends onyour eneral health> how serious your pneumonia is>and the type of antibiotic you are takin .

# ec(s

=acteria in the bloodstream Infection and fluid accumulation 8bscess of the lun 8cute respiratory distress syndrome

Procedure

Ac(i i(* 2: "e-ons(+a(ion 0e(u+n "e-ons(+a(ion onPe+cussion and Pos(u+al "+ainage

1. =e ready with the bi doll for this acti&ity.

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2. Tell the participants to obser&e carefully since they will beasked to do a return demonstration.

!. -it the doll on your lap.

#. 4old the doll in your left hand. To do the percussion> cupyour hand by bendin from the wrist and tap the doll entlyon the chest so it will not hurt. +o the percussion only o&erthe rib ca e and not on the abdomen.

%. This time> lay the doll face down on the lap as if it is

inhalin the steam from a hot water in the basin on thefloor. 4old the doll and tap it ently on the back.

*. 8nne3 = 7"ostural +raina e9 will pro&ide moreinformation on how to do this acti&ity.

"##lication


1. +o the percussion with posturaldraina e when necessary.

Synthesis

Cou h> colds and pneumonia are diseases related to upper andlower respiratory infections. Cou h and colds can indicate

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pneumonia the leadin cause of infant and child death. omen andtheir family members should be aware that persistent cou h andcolds can be a symptom already of pneumonia and should bebrou ht immediate to the nearest health center or hospital.

S#SS&., 3 "&A00%#A

Introduction

+iarrhea is one of the most common childhood diseases and can be&ery fatal if ne lected. E&ery home should know how to respondto when there is somebody in the family who has diarrheaespecially when the health center is away from the community.

Session Objectives


1. 5earn about diarrhea;

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2. 8dminister the proper care and mana ement of diarrhea;and

!. 5earn how to prepare an ral 6ehydration -olution7 6E- 59.

Estimated time


Methodology

?roup sharin +emonstration)6eturn demonstration 5ecture)+iscussion

Materials

4andouts "owerpoint> 5C+> 5aptop Chalk> hiteboard marker> -ample packs of oresol Teaspoon> Tablespon

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?lasses "itcher of water

Procedure

Ac(i i(* 1: S)a+ing on "ia++)ea


4ow do you determine if yourchild has diarrheaB

hat do you usually do if yourchild has

diarrheaB hat do you think are the

causes of diarrheaB

2. rite key words of the responses on theboard.

!. -ynthesi$e all the responses and proceed to the discussionof the ey 5earnin "oints.

ey !earning Points

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2. 'rom 'acts for 5ife> dia++)ea causesde)*d+a(ion and malnutrition. It kills millions of childrene&ery year. In the "hilippines> it is the third leadin causeof death and the second leadin cause of infant and childillness. The followin can sa&e the li&es of children andmost of the malnutrition caused by diarrhea.

a. +iarrhea can kill children by drainin too muchliquid from the body. -o it is essential to i&e a childwith diarrhea plenty of liquid to drink.

b. 8 child with diarrhea needs food.

c. hen a breastfed child has diarrhea> it is importantto continue breastfeedin .

d. 8 child who is reco&erin from diarrhea needs ane3tra meal e&ery day for at least two weeks.

e. +iarrhea is more serious than usual if it persists formore than two weeks or if there is blood in the stool.

f. 0edicines or ral 6ehydration -olution 7 6E- 5or 6-9 or -a&e a 5ife +rink. -hould not be used fordiarrhea> e3cept on medical ad&ice.

. +iarrhea can be pre&ented by breastfeedin > byimmuni$in all children a ainst measles> by usinlatrines> by keepin food and water clean> and by

washin hands before touchin food.

The publication ey 4ealth 0essa es for Emer encies:"hilippines of the +epartment of 4ealth published in 2,,/is the source for the succeedin information.

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3 "ia++)ea

"ia++)ea is the passa e of loose and watery stools 7morethan ! bowel mo&ements per day9 often associated withassiness> bloatin > and abdominal pain. It may also beaccompanied by nausea> &omitin > and fe&er.

!auses

Infection due to:

&irus 7otavirus, Hepatitis B virus 9bacteria 7cholera, shigella 9Intestinal parasites 7 ), histolytical,pinworm 9

These microor anisms are usually spread bycontaminated hands> or throu h food and water.

+iarrhea can be caused by malnutrition> parasitesand aller y.

Pa+asi(e

Contaminated water and food brin s seriousor anisms like amoeba> bacillary and cholera thatcan only be seen in microscope e3cept for ascaristhat is commonly and easily seen. It causes diarrhea.

Alle+g*

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8ller y in some food causes diarrhea. 0ilk>seafoods> o&er ripe also causes diarrhea for somepeople. 8ller ic reactions from different medicineslike erythrosine and penicillin also causediarrhea.

Mode o T+ans-ission

In estion of contaminated food and water

Signs and s*-p(o-s

"assa e of watery stools at least !3 a day E3cessi&e thirst -unken eyeballs and fontanels

P+e en(ion

+rink water only from safe sources. If unsure> boilwater for three minutes or do water chlorination

Eat only foods that are well cooked and properlyprepared. 8&oid eatin in street &ended foods.

eep the food away from insects and rats byco&erin them.

ash fruits and &e etables with clean water beforeeatin or cookin .


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Thorou h washin of hands with soap and water.efer to Anne* !-roper Handwashing

-rocedure". Take $inc supplement. "olluted surroundin s)en&ironment attracts more

mosquitoes> cockroaches> rats> flies that brinpoison> erms and microor anisms in food. -o it isimportant to maintain cleanliness in oursurroundin s like:

"eople must use toilet properly at a&oidthrowin e3creta)human waste anywhere.8nimals like pi > do should be placed in cleanca es.+raina e must be clean.Trash should be disposed properly or buried insoil)land."ractice waste se re ation and eco waste.


"re&ent e3cessi&e loss of fluid and salt by i&in6-.

?i&e other recommended home fluids like ricewater)soup 7am9> clear soup> coconut Auice> water toreplace lost body fluid.

+rink water> especially if there is fe&er.

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+o not i&e soft drinks or ener y drinks like?atorade.

Eat to pre&ent or minimi$e nutritional dama e. Easily di ested food that can be i&en in small

amount like the followin :Tea> am=raised beef soup> rilled fish=oiled e=iscuit toasted bread=oiled amote or potato

=anana like latundan=reastmilk6ice> porrid e=oiled squash=eans like mon oTofu

8&oid the followin food:

CowDs milkily foodChocolate"eanut'ruits like papaya> man o> a&ocadoHe etables like cabba e> beans'ood with pepper> arlic8lcoholic be&era es

Continue breastfeedin . 'or child who is fed with cowDs milk or bottled milk>

temporarily stop in i&in milk.

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-ince most of diarrhea causin micro or anisms arespread by contaminated hands with human waste> thereshould thorou h hand washin with soap and water andcareful cleanin of all parts of the hand.

?i&e $inc supplement 8ntibiotic is needed)required when the bowel

mo&ement has blood Consult the doctor if diarrhea is se&ere especially in

children and the elderly. 0onitor the sick person closely> particularly children

who do not show a clear impro&ement.

0e-inde+s in T+ea(ing "ia++)ea

+o not control diarrhea because to3ins need to bedischar ed from the body.+o not immediately i&e medicines to curediarrhea. There are some medicines that can causeirritation to intestines and mi ht worsen the boweldischar es)mo&ement.+ehydration can be pre&ented or controlled ifenou h liquid is i&en to the sick person.

?o to the nearest hospital if there is flu> &omitin orcon&ulsion or if diarrhea is more than two days and hasworsen that it becomes a dan er and can lead todehydration due to loss of body fluids.

-e&ere dehydration may cause death especially tochildren and the elderly

0alnutrition is caused by diarrhea. +iarrheabecomes a symptom of malnutrition.

3 "e)*d+a(ion

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"e)*d+a(ion is the condition of losin too much liquidfrom the body.

a "ange+ Signs o "e)*d+a(ion

+rinks ea erly and thirsty 5ack of appetite 5oss of wei ht +ehydrated skin> lips and ton ue Enlar ement of eyes eakenin of body -low &oice +ifficulty in breathin -low and fast rate)heart beat Coldness of skin +i$$iness> con&ulsion> death

Fou+ 0ules in ()e Manage-en( o "e)*d+a(ion

?i&e e3tra fluids 7as much as the child can take9.

+o not stop breastfeedin . Tell the mother tobreastfeed frequently and for lon er at eachfeed. If the child is e3clusi&ely breastfed>i&e 6E- 5 in addition to breastmilk.

If the child is not e3clusi&ely breastfed> i&eone or more of the followin : food basedfluids 7e. .> thin porrid e or lugaw > soup>rice water or am > yo urt drinks9 or suitabledrinks 7e. . fresh fruit Auices> reen coconut

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water> water from the cleanest possiblebrou ht to boil and then cooled9

-how the mother how much fluid to i&e inaddition to the usual fluid intake.

-

wait for 1, minutes

then continue G but more slowly- Continue i&in e3tra fluid until the

diarrhea stops.

?i&e $inc supplements 7a e two months up to fi&eyears9

Tell the mother how much $inc to i&e 72,m tab9- two months up to * months G P tablet

daily for 1# days;- si3 months or more G 1 tablet daily for

1# days.-how the mother how to i&e $incsupplements.

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- Infants G dissol&e tablets in a smallamount of e3pressed breastmilk>6E- 5 or clean water in a cup.

- lder children G tablets can be chewedand dissol&ed in a small amount of cleanwater in a cup.

8d&ice mother when to return to the health centeror hospital.

c .+al 0e)*d+a(ion Solu(ion


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3 Ad iso+* on Food Sa e(*

Food Sa e(* is the assurance) uarantee that food will notcause harm to the consumers when it is prepared and)oreaten accordin to its intended use:

Food and >a(e+ o+ne "isease is a roup of illnesscaused by any infectious a ents 7bacteria> &iruses andparasites9 and non infectious a ents 7chemical> animal andplant to3ins9.

a !o--on !auses o Food and >a(e+ o+ne "iseases


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"reser&e the e&idence.If a portion of the suspected food isa&ailable> wrap it securely and free$e it.

-eek treatment as necessary.If symptoms persist or are se&ere 7e. .bloody diarrhea> e3cessi&e nausea and&omitin or hi h body temperature9>immediately consult a doctor.

6eport the incidence to the local healthdepartment.

"##lication


1. 8dminister the proper care andmana ement of diarrhea and dehydration when a child issick in the family.

Procedure

Ac(i i(* 1: "e-ons(+a(ion 0e(u+n "e-ons(+a(ion on %ow (oP+epa+e .0#S.

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#. =e ready with salt> su ar and water and the utensils.

%. Count the number of lasses of water needed as water ispoured in a pitcher. 7This is a way of inte ratin numeracyin the demonstration.9

*. -how the proper way of mi3in the 6E- 5.

"##lication


1. "repare 6E- 5 at home to pre&ent dehydration ofchildren with diarrhea.

Synthesis

+iarrhea at the early sta e can cause malnutrition> and if ne lectedcan lead to infant and child death. +iarrhea can be pre&ented bybreastfeedin > by immuni$in all children a ainst measles> byusin latrines> by keepin food and water clean> and by washinhands before touchin food.

Infant with diarrhea should be continued with breastfeedin .Children with diarrhea should be i&en more liquid and easy todi est food. They can also be i&en with medicines or oraldehydration solution 7 6E- 5 or 6-9 under the direct medicalad&ice of a doctor.

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ther key pre&enti&e measures include food safety such as 19 keepclean> 29 separate raw and cooked food> !9 cook food thorou hly>#9 keep food at safe temperature> and #9 use safe water andmaterials. thers include 19 obser&e proper sanitation byobser&in proper waste and e3creta disposal and 29 seek medicalad&ice for persistent diarrhea.


1ive enough warning to the participants aboutdehydration. emind them to prepare ( )S(+ when

necessary.

1ive emphasis that the simple washing of hands withsoap and water can prevent children from contractingdiseases and can save their lives.

S#SS&., 4

S!A S

Introduction

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-cabies is a skin disease and most often it is ne lected as it isalways percei&ed as ordinary skin irritation unless the scabies hasalmost affected most of the parts of the body of the child. In thissession> si ns and symptoms of scabies shall be discussed and theproper care and mana ement of scabies.

Session Objectives


1. 5earn about scabies;

2. 8dminister the proper care and mana ement of scabies; and

3. "repare arlic ointment for scabies.

Estimated Time


Methodology ?roup sharin +emonstration 5ecture +iscussion

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Materials

4andouts "owerpoint> 5C+> 5aptop Chalk> hiteboard marker -to&e ooden spoon for cookin

'ryin pan Empty medicine bottle ?arlic lo&es Candle Coconut oil

Procedure

Ac(i i(* 1: S)a+ing on Sca ies


4ow do you determine if yourchild has scabiesB

hat do you usually do ifyour child has scabiesB

hat do you think are thereasons why children are ha&in scabies B

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2. rite key words of the responses on the board.


ey !earning Points

1 Sca ies < 'alis("so =

Sca ies is an itchy> hi hly conta ious skin conditioncaused by an infestation by the itch mite Sarcoptesscabiei . 0ites are small ei ht le ed parasites 7in contrastto insects> which ha&e si3 le s9. They are tiny> Aust 1)!millimeter lon > and burrow into the skin to produceintense itchin which tends to be worse at ni ht. The mites

that infest humans are female and are ,.! mm ,.# mm lon ;the males are about half this si$e. -cabies mites can be seenwith a ma nifyin lass or microscope. The scabies mitescrawl but are unable to fly or Aump. They are immobile attemperatures below 2, C> althou h they may sur&i&e forprolon ed periods at these temperatures.

!ause

Caused by the itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei.

Mode o T+ans-ission

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+irect skin to skin contact is the mode oftransmission.

Transmission of the mites in&ol&es closeperson to person contact of the skin to skin &ariety.

It is hard> if not impossible> to catch scabies byshakin hands> han in your coat ne3t to someone whohas it> or e&en sharin bedclothes that had mites in themthe ni ht before.

8 mother hu in her children is sufficient tospread the mites.

4oldin or usin the thin s owned by the sickperson like clothes> face towel> towel and bed sheets.

5ack of personal hy iene maybe due to scarcityof water for bathin and washin clothes.

+elay in ettin medicines due to lack ofmedicines or no money to buy medicines.

P+e en(ion

6e ularly take a bath and chan e into clean clothes. ash clothes and blanket e&eryday and allow it to dry

under the sun. The hands should be washed with water and soap after

usin the toilet. If treatin scabies> treat the whole body not only the

affected area. Treat all the members of the family who are affected.

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Signs and S*-p(o-s

Itchin that is usually e3perienced at ni ht Thin and ru ed)wrinkled skin of the affected area of

the body ound due to serious itchiness that could lead to

infection 'lu)fe&er and swollen lymph nodes The fa&orite spot of scabies is between fin ers and toes>

in under arms> na&el> waist> side of the fist> elbow> le s>and pri&ate or an of the male.


"repare an ointment with 1 part indane and 1% partvaseline.

=athe the patient with soap and rub the whole body

4eat the vaseline and put vaseline or sulfur ointmentthe whole body e3cept on face. 8llow it for whole dayand rinse. +o it a ain after a week.

To stop the itchiness> put hot water on the affected areathat the sick person can bear.

%e+ al Medicine o+ Sca ies

The +epartment of 4ealth issued the list of ten appro&ed

herbal medicines. efer to Anne* ) !Ten Herbal/edicines in the -hilippines". This module only usesappro&ed herbal medicines from such listin .

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The use of herbal medicine is resorted to with thereco nition that most of disad&anta ed women arefinancially hard up that alternati&es should be a&ailable forthem.

$a+lic 7 )awang& Q Cook one cup of crushed arlicinto one cup of coconut oil. 8dd P cup ofscraped)shreded candle. -train. 5et it cool. 8pply in theaffacted area.

i((e+ $ou+d ! "m#alaya& Q 'ry the lea&es of bitterourd in coconut oil. +rain and apply in affected area.

$ua a ! )ayabas& Q ash)6inse the affected areawith boiled ua&a lea&es. ?ua&a lea&es can clean well.

"##lication


1. 8dminister the proper care andmana ement of scabies when a child is sick in the family.

Procedure

Ac(i i(* 1: "e-ons(+a(ion 0e(u+n "e-ons(+a(ion on %ow (oP+epa+e $a+lic .in(-en(

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1. =e ready with sto&e> wooden spoon for cookin > fryinpan> medicine bottle.

2. =e ready with sufficient amount of arlic cloa&es> candleand coconut oil.

!. Crush the arlic.#. -crape)-hred the candle.%. "ut the coconut oil in the pan.*. "lace the candle to melt./. 8dd the crushed arlic.. -train and let it cool.

(. "lace in a co&ered medicine bottle that has been washed

and dried earlier.1,. 5et the arlic ointment cool then co&er the medicine bottle.

"##lication

'or the participants to:1. "repare arlic ointment for a child with scabies.

Synthesis

-cabies is a hi hly transmitted disease. Transmission is skin to s

kin contact such as hu in > holdin or usin the thin s owned bythe person who has scabies. This is also caused by lack of personalhy iene. Its main symptom is itchiness and is caused by miteswhose fa&orite areas are the fin ers and toes> under arms> na&el>waist> side of the fist> elbow> le s and pri&ate or an of the male.

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-cabies can be treated at home throu h the use of herbalmedicines. These include usin arlic> bitter ourd 7ampalaya9 andua&a 7bayabas9. ?arlic can be crushed and cooked into a one cupcoconut oil and can be applied when cool in the affected skin ofthe child. The bitter ourd lea&es can also be fried also in thecoconut oil for application also in the skin> and the clean ua&alea&es can be boiled in the water.

The best way to pre&ent scabies from transmittin to other familyis to re ularly take a bath and chan e into clean clothes> wash theclothes and blanket e&eryday by dryin it under the sun and to

always wash the hands after usin the toilet.


eiterate to the participants to only use the $safe% herbal medicines which are in the list of ten approved herbal medicines by the epartment of Health ! (H".

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S#SS&., 5 PA0AS&T&SM

Introduction

5earnin about parasitism is &ery crucial in determinin how topre&ent and treat parasitism. This is &ery common in younchildren and this is often not noticed at the early sta e. the participants should be able to :

1. 5earn about parasitism; and

2. 8dminister the proper care and mana ement of parasitism.

Estimated time

1 4our

Methodology

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?roup sharin 5ecture)+iscussion

Materials

4andouts "owerpoint> 5C+> 5aptop

Chalk> hiteboard marker

Procedure

Ac(i i(* 1: S)a+ing on Pa+asi(is-

1. 8sk the participants the followinquestions:

4ow do you determine if yourchild has parasitesB

hat do you usually do if yourchild has parasitesB

hat do you think are the

reasons why children are ha&in parasitesBB

2. rite key words of the responseson the board.

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ey !earning Points

1 %u-an Pa+asi(es

'rom www.aller yescape.com > )u-an pa+asi(es areor anisms that li&e inside the human body which ser&es astheir host. -ince these parasites are unable to produce foodon their own> they depend on their hosts for their sur&i&al. parasites harm human bein s because theyconsume their food and nutrients. They can destroy ourtissues and cells. They produce to3ic waste products thatcan make human bein s &ery ill.

S*-p(o-s o %u-an Pa+asi(es &n ec(ions +iarrhea with foul smellin stool that becomes worse

in the later part of the day -udden chan es in bowel habits 7e. . constipation that

is now soft and watery stool. Constant rumblin and ur lin in the stomach area

unrelated to hun er or eatin

4eartburn or chest pain 'lu like symptoms such as cou hin > fe&er> and nasal

con estion 'ood aller y

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Itchin around the nose> ears> and anus> especially atni ht

5oss of wei ht with constant hun er 8nemia 8n3iety caused by the metabolic waste products of the

parasites

.()e+ s*-p(o-s of human parasite infections include:

=lood in the stool

=loatin +iarrhea ?as 5oss of appetite Intestinal obstruction ausea Homitin -ore mouth and ums E3cessi&e nose pickin ?rindin teeth at ni ht Chronic fati ue 4eadaches 0uscle aches and pains -hortness of breath -kin rashes

+epression 0emory loss

Modes o T+ans-ission

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8nimal feces alkin barefoot

4andlin raw meat and fish

Eatin raw or undercooked pork> beef or fish

4andlin soiled litter pans 7cats9

Eatin contaminated raw fruits and &e etables

Eatin meals prepared by infected food handlers

+rinkin contaminated water

Inhalin contaminated dust 7parasitic e s or cysts9

2 !o--on Pa+asi(es ()a( !an &n ec( %u-ans

a Pinwo+- G This is one of the most common humanparasites. This worm makes its home in the hostDscolon> but it lays e s outside of the hostDs body.Transmission can occur throu h unclean hands> clothesand bed sheets.

Pinwo+- is a white thread like worm measurin 1 cm.lon . "inworm rows in the lower part of the smallintestines and upper part of the bi er intestines. If theworm is ready to lay e s> it crawls out and laysthousand of e s outside the anus. This will lead toscratchin . The e s will be attached to the nails andwill be transferred to the mouth of the host. ther

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members of the family will also be infected throu hsharin of blanket> clothes> food and other thin s. Thewhole cycle lasts for three to si3 weeks. efer toAnne* 2 !+ife #ycle of a -inworm".

Sign s*-p(o-

Irritation and scratchin in the anal area.

%oo wo+- G This is an intestinal human parasitebe ins its life outside of the body> in soil or water>where humans become infected. 4umans can drinkwater that contains hookworm lar&ae> or humans canin est contaminated fruits and &e etables. This wormattaches itself to the human intestines where it drinksblood 7this worm actually has teethR9.

%oo wo+- can penetrate the skin of humans whichcauses itchin . In a few days> the e s of a hookworm

will reach the lun s and this will cause dry cou h. Ifhuman cou h and swallow> the e s attach themsel&esin the intestines and they will suck the blood there. 8female hookworm lays !,>,,, e s in one day. If thee s et out of the body throu h waste in a wet soil>they hatch and ready to enter the skin of human bein sa ain. efer to Anne* 1 !Ang Buhay ngHoo worm".

Signs and S*-p(o-s

eakness 8bdominal pain

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ausea +iarrhea

8nemia

c 0oundwo+- G ne of the most common humanparasites in the entire world. This worm is as lar e as awritin pencil. "eople are infected by in estin the e swhich can be in the soil> fruits> and &e etables. Thee s find their way from the intestines to &ariousor ans where they can cause se&ere dama e.

0oundwo+- is also called ascaris . It is the mostcommon worm amon 'ilipino children a es % G #years old. 'ood with e s of ascaris when eaten byhumans will become small worms in the smallintestines oin to the lun s. They can be swallowedwhile cou hin and will reach the intestines a ainwhere they will row. 8 female ascaris is pink incolor and 2, G !, cm lon . It can lay 2#,>,,, e s)day.The e s lea&e the body throu h the e3creta)humanwaste. efer to Anne* H !+ife #ycle ofoundworm3Ascaris".

Signs and S*-p(o-s

ei ht loss

eakness Infection 8bdominal pain.

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d Tapewo+- G This is common in do s and cats but rarein humans. To become infected with this parasite>humans must swallow fleas that are infected withtapeworm lar&ae. This worm can li&e in the intestines>where it will steal &aluable nutrients and e3peldan erous waste. The human host infected with thisworm may not show any symptoms.

Tapewo+- is a white worm that rows up to se&enmeters and is di&ided into 1 cm. each. ld tapewormlays e s in the intestines of humans and these e s o

out of the human body throu h the e3creta)humanwaste. If humans do not know proper e3creta)wastedisposal> a pi eats the waste and the e s of tapewormwill be hatched in the intestines of the pi . This is thereason why humans who eat a not well cooked pi )porkcan ha&e tapeworm in their intestines.

Signs and S*-p(o-s

0ineral imbalance =loatin and as +i$$iness 4un er pains J'u$$yK thinkin +i esti&e problems -ensiti&ity to touch 8ller ies

e i e+ Flu e 8 flat worm that attacks the hostDs li&erby causin inflammation and makin holes. It cansur&i&e inside a human host for appro3imately !, years.

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4umans acquire this parasite throu h eatinundercooked fish> contaminated &e etables> humanfeces used as fertili$er> or by drinkin 7or swimmin 9 incontaminated water.

Signs and S*-p(o-s

Enlar ed li&er "ain in the ri ht side of the body +epression Edema Herti o =ile stones Cancer

Adul( >o+- @ It is white> creamy> or pinkish yellowwhen freshly e3pelled. Its shape is elon ated andcylindrical.

0ale wormmeasures 1% G !, cm. 3 ! mm. with cur&edposterior endsmaller> shorter and more slender than thefemale

'emale wormmeasures 2, #% cm. 3 % mm. with strai htposterior endlays about 2#,>,,, e s per dayone female produces appro3imately*%>,,,>,,, e s in ( months

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3 Signs i a Pe+son )as >o+-s

T*pes o >o+- Signs1 "scaris S 5ar e stomach)tummy

S -e&ere stomach ache)painS


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4 Tips on %ow (o P+e en( !on(a-ina(ion +o-Mic+oo+ganis-s

a. Co&er left o&er food to a&oid flies and any other insectsfrom ettin in the food.

b. ash hands before and after ser&in food.c. Throw waste properly.d. sandals or shoes.

5 T+ea(-en( o+:

a Asca+is; Pinwo+-; %oo wo+-; T+ic)u+is

1 G 2 years old 8lbenda$ole 2,, m . or P tabe&ery si3 months

1 G % years old 0ebenda$ole %,, m . or 1 tabe&ery si3 months.

2 G % years old 8lbenda$ole #,, m or 1 tabe&ery si3 months

Tapewo+-

"ra$iquantel 1, m )k . G sin le dose

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6 %e+ al Medicines o+ ()e T+ea(-en( o :

ot all herbal medicines are appro&ed for safe use. efer to Anne* 5 !Herbal /edicines"

a Asca+is

Eat * G * pieces of $niyog6miyogan% fruit

Pinwo+-

8pply coconut oil around the anus to et a relieffrom itchin

-it for % G !, minutes in a basin with hot orlukewarm water that can be endured

c %oo wo+-

?i&e Bepenium, Hitamin 8> = 12 and 2erousSulfate . 8lso i&e niyog6niyogan. ne seed foreach year of the sick person 7so 1 seed for one year>2 seeds for two years old9 which should not e3ceed2, seeds.

"##lication

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1. 8dminister the proper care andmana ement of parasites when a child is sick in the family.

Synthesis

"arasites harm human bein s because they consume the food andnutrients of the children. "arasites can destroy the cells and tissues>and they produce to3ic waste products that can make human bein s&ery ill.

"arasites include pinworm> hookworm> roundworm andtapeworm> li&er fluke and adult worm. -ymptoms of ha&inhuman parasites infections include ha&in diarrhea> loss of wei ht>anemia> rumblin and ur lin in the stomach area> heartburn orchest pain> and itchin around the nose> ears and anus especially at

ni ht.

To pre&ent this disease> proper personal hy iene and propersanitation in thehome and community should be obser&edparticularly ha&in a toilet in e&ery home> ensurin food safety andhabitual washin of hands before and after eatin > proper use oftoilet and proper waste disposal> and use of slippers and sandalse&eryday. Treatment should be under medical ad&ice and someappro&ed herbal medicinces for safe use.

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S#SS&., 6 MA,A$#M#,T

.F .T%#0 !%& "%.." & ,#SS#S

Introduction

ther childhood illness will be introduced in this session andpro&ide you information on how to pro&ide proper care andmana ement of children with other common childhood illnesses.

Session Objectives

8t the end of the session> the participants should be able to:

1. 5earn about other childhood illnesses; and

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2. 8dminister the proper care and mana ement of otherchildhood illnesses.

Estimated time

1 4our

Methodology ?roup sharin 5ecture)+iscussion

Materials

4andouts "owerpoint> 5C+> 5aptop Chalk> hiteboard marker

ProcedureAc(i i(* 1: S)a+ing on !)ild)ood &llnesses

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1. 8sk the participants what are thecommon childhood common illnesses and how do theyusually treat such based on their e3perience.

2. rite key words of the responses onthe board.

!. -ynthesi$e all the responses andproceed to the discussion of the ey 5earnin "oints.

ey !earning Points

1 !a+e o .()e+ !o--on !)ild)ood &llnesses

The information for this session is sourced from the 0anual onEffecti&e "arentin > printed by the +epartment of -ocial elfareand +e&elopment in 2,,1.

T*pe "esc+ip(ion Signs andS*-p(o-s Manage-en(1 ,eona(alTe(anus

Te(anus is adeadlydiseasecaused by aerm thatli&es in thesoil and

feces ofanimals andhumans> andenters thebodythrou h any

The firstsi ns oftetanus inthenewbornbabyenerallyappear !days afterbirth.

The child

8s soon asthe si nsaree&ident>rush thebaby to thenearestdoctor>healthcenter orhospital.

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T*pe "esc+ip(ion Signs andS*-p(o-s

Manage-en(

kind ofwound.

'or anewbornbaby> ermscan enter theumbilicalcord>particularlyin thefollowincases:

The cord hasbeen cut with ininstrument thathas not beenboiled and kept

completelyclean.

The cord hasnot been cutclose to thebody.

The newly cut

cord is not keptdry and clean.

The newly cutcord is smearedwith ashes>

be ins to crycontinuouslyand hasdifficultysuckin milkfrom the ! rd to %th dayafter ha&ina hearty

appetite formilk durinthe first twodays.

ften theumbilicalarea is dirtyor infected>after se&eraldays>lockAaw setsin> the facialmusclestwitch andthe wholebody is

wracked withcon&ulsions.

"re&entionof tetanusin thenewbornbaby:

+urinpre nancy>mothers

should be&accinateda ainsttetanus. ootherprotection isas effecti&easimmuni$ation.

+urinchildbirth>make suretheinstrumentused incuttin thecord isthorou hlyclean andsterili$ed.

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Manage-en(

powder andother uncleanforei nsubstances.

8fter thebaby isborn> makesure that thenewly cutcord isalways dryand clean.

2"ip)()e+ia

"ip)()e+ia is a hi hlyconta iousinfectioncaused by aerm. Itusuallyaffects thethroat.

+iphtheriacan bepre&ented byha&in yourbabyimmuni$edbydiphtheria,

pertussis and tetanus7+"T9&accine. Thechild isi&en three

+iphtheriabe ins likea commoncold. Thechild hasfe&er>headacheand sore

throat.It usuallyaffects thenose andthroat andcauses abad sorethroat>swollenlands>fe&er andchills.

ChildDs

4a&e thechildimmuni$ed with+"T&accine.

8&oid

brin inthe childto hea&ilycrowdedplaces.The ermsfrom themouth>nose orthroat ofan infectedchild caneasilyspread

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Manage-en(

doses of+"T &accinebetween thea es 1 and12 months.=e innin at* weeks.

neck maybecomeswelled.

ChildDsbreath has afoul smell.

Childbe ins tolose his)her appetiteand doesnot want toplay. Childets tiredeasily.

ftendiphtheriaspreads tothewindpipe>resultin indifficultyofbreathinand raspycou hin .

ithin the

whenhe)shecou hs orsnee$es.

eep thechildawayfrom

childreninfectedwithdiphtheria.

+o not letthe child

usespoon>fork andplate>beddin s>clothesand otherarticlesthat ha&ebeentouchedby aninfectedchild.

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Manage-en(

first twoweeks> itcan spreadto theheart andcan causeheartfailure.

hen itspreads tothe ner&es>and causese3tremedifficultyinbreathinorswallowin> thechild maydie.

3 Te(anus Te(anus iscaused by aerm thatli&es in soil

or feces ofanimals orhumans. Itenters thehuman bodythrou h a

8ninfectedwound7whichmay ormay notbe &isible9

+iscomfor

0ake surethat thechild hascompletedthe threedoses of+"T>i&en from1 and P

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Manage-en(

wound. +eepand dirtywounds areespeciallydan eroussince theseare hi hlysusceptible tothe erm.

The woundsmost likelyto causetetanus arethefollowin :

8nimal bitesespecially of

do s and cats

?unshot andknife wounds

4oles madeby dirty needles

InAuries

caused bybarbed wire

"uncturewounds causedby steppin on

t anddifficultyin openinmouth orswallowin

-tiffeninof the Aaw

7lockAaw9

"ainfultwitchinof facialmuscles>andfinally>

con&ulsionsthrou houtthe wholebody

+ifficultyinbreathin

'e&er

months to12 monthsof a e.

hen achild hasa wound>that isdirty or

deep>clean itwell andtake careof it. deep

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Manage-en(

thorns> splintersand rusty nails

and dirty>see thedoctor oro to thenearestclinic orhealthcenterri ht

away.4 Polio Polio is

caused by a&irus thatcommonlystrikeschildrenbelow twoyears old.

-ome partsof the bodybecomeparaly$ed>especiallythe le s andfeet. Theparaly$ed

limbbecomesthin anddoes notrow asnormally as

'irst si nsincludecolds>runnynose>&omitinand sli ht

fe&er.4eadache>fe&er>sli ht coldand cou h

S eaknessor paralysisof themuscles>which mayoccur fromone to se&en

6ush thechild tothenearesthospital.

=ecause

there isno knowncure forpolio>immuni$ation ofthe childis &eryimportant.

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Manage-en(

the affectedlimb.

The upperportion ofthe body canalso etparaly$ed.nce thepolio has setin> nomedicinecan stop theparalysis.ot e&enantibioticsor &itaminscan help.The &ictim

will ha&e tobear thedisease forthe rest ofhisUher life.

"olio can bea lifethreatenin

diseasewhen &italcenters ofthe brain orthe musclesof

days afterfe&er whilethe othersymptomsha&esubsided.

6estlessness

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Manage-en(

respirationare affected.

5 Mu-ps Mu-ps iscaused by a&irustransmittedby a personwith adisease.

Complications include:

0umps inmale teena ersor adultssometimescauses swellin

of the testicles.-terility canresult.

The firstsymptomsbe in twoor threeweeks afterbein

e3posed tosomeonewithmumps.

'e&er 7notalwayspresent9

"ain whenchewinor openinthe mouth.

8 softswellinbelow theears at thean le ofthe Aaw.

8 eneral

Isolate thesick child.=ed rest isnotnecessaryif the child

has nofe&er.

"lace ahot orcoldcompressto easethe painof theswollenlands.

'eed thechild>soft> easyto di est>

nourishin food>and i&ehim) herplenty of

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Manage-en(

feelin ofweaknessin thebody.

The swellinusuallysubsidesfrom oneweek to ten

days after theonset> e&enwithouttreatment.

Auices andfluids.

eep themouthclean bymakinhim)herbrush the

teeth andton ue ormakinhim)herar leaftereatin .

?i&eherbalmedicineor aspirinfor fe&er.

6&n luen a

&n luen a orflu is causedby a &irus>

which lowersthe bodyDsresistance tobacterialinfection. 8nunhealthy>

Chills>fe&er andheadache.

+ry cou h>sore throat

0uscle and

Isolatethe sickpersonfromothers

5ethim)her

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Manage-en(

malnourishedperson or onewho hastuberculosisis much moresusceptible toinfluen$athan a healthyperson. Theflu &irus is

spreadthrou h theair.

Aoint pains

?eneralweaknessof thebody.

5oss ofappetite.

ha&eplenty ofbed rest.

?i&ehim)her aspon ebath>herbal

medicineor aspirinto brindown thefe&er.

?i&ehim)her a

balanceddiet.

'or thecou h>i&ehim)herplenty ofwater todrink> aswell asfruit

Auices> orlocal

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Manage-en(

nati&epreparations.

Call adoctor iffe&erpersistsfor a

week orlon er.

7Tonsilli(is

Tonsillitisoccurs whenthe tonsilset infectedwith themicroor anisms theyfilter. Thedisease iscommon inchildren butnot in adultswho usuallye3periencesore throat

orpharyngitis instead.-omechildren et

-wollentonsils oneither side>whichsometimes

ha&e whitespots onthem

'lu likesymptoms>fe&er>headache>tiredness>weakness>loss ofappetite

"ain when

+rinkplenty ofliquid

?ar le

withlukewarmwaterwith salt

-uckantisepticlo$en esor cou hdrops.

8 doctorwillprescribe

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Manage-en(

recurrinattacks.

Caused by&iral 7morecommon9 orbacteriainfection ofthe tonsils

swallowin

"ain whenswallowin

Earache

'oulsmellinbreath

In somecases:

8bdominal pain

Cou h

Homitin

-wellinon eitherside of theneck due to

enlar edlymphnodes7other thanthe tonsils9

antibioticforbacterialinfection.

In rarecases>tonsillectomy will

beperformed7sur icalremo&alof thetonsils9

#.

8 +ina+* 8 urinary @oun +rink

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Manage-en(

T+ac(&n ec(ion< T&= in!)ild+en

tract infection7kidneys>ureters 7thetubes thattake urinefrom eachkidney to thebladder9 andurethra 7thetube thatempties urine

from thebladder to theoutside9.

&omitin >or nosymptoms

at all.0osturinarytractinfectionsin childrenonlyin&ol&e thebladder. Iftheinfectionspreads tothekidneys> itis calledpyelonephritis andmay bemoreserious.

plenty ofliquid toflush thebacteriaout of thebladderthrou hfrequenturination.

?o to thehealthcenter orhospitalto see adoctor.

%.

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Manage-en(

found on theskin aroundthe anus orsometimesaround the&a ina.

-ymptomsof a bladderinfection inchildreninclude:

=lood inthe urine

Cloudyurine

'oul orstron urine

odor'requent or

ur ent needto urinate

?eneral illfeelin7malaise 9

"ain orburnin withurination

98
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003138.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003138.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003140.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003140.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003140.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003089.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003145.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003145.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003145.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003138.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003138.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003140.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003140.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003140.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003089.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003145.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003145.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003145.htm


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Manage-en(

"ressure orpain in thelower pel&isor lowerback

ettinproblems

after thechild hasbeen toilettrained

-ymptomsthat theinfection

may ha&espread tothe kidneysinclude:

Chills withshakin

'e&er

'lushed>warm> orreddened

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Manage-en(

skin

ausea

"ain in theside 7flank9or back

-e&erepain in thebelly area

Homitin

9 %eadice

The louse7or lice9 is aflat>win lessinsect. Thesepinhead si$ebloodsuckin parasitesare mostcommon inschoolchildren> asthey tend toshare combs>hats andother hairaccessories.

Intense itch

on the scalpand neckcaused bycertainsubstancesin thesali&a oflice. 8child withlice is seenconstantlyscratchinhis)her


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Manage-en(

8 femalelouse laysabout si3e s 7nits9each day>which itfirmlyattaches tohair shafts.They hatchin a week orso. In itsli

Module 5 - Early Childhood Illness Revised Dec15

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