Module 4 2009

Mod 4 Topics 1-4

Risk Assessment

Space management

Turning/Lane changes

Turnabouts/ Parking

• RiskRisk is the is the Chance of Chance of Injury, Damage, or LossInjury, Damage, or Loss

• Injury, Damage, or LossInjury, Damage, or Loss Usually Are the Usually Are the Consequences of a CrashConsequences of a Crash

Every driver accepts a Every driver accepts a certain level of risk when certain level of risk when driving a vehicle.driving a vehicle.

A driver must manage risk A driver must manage risk in order to avoid conflict.in order to avoid conflict.

RISK

Chance

• The probability or likelihood of a crash

Injuries, Damage or Lossthat can occur in a crash

• Injuries – bruises, broken bones, paralysis

• Damage – vehicle, vehicle contents, property

• Loss - $$, time, Life

How does increasing speed increase risk?

Less reaction time

Longer braking distance

More severe collisions

Differentiate the aspects of RISK

Risk assessment - recognize & determine the level of risk

Risk Acceptance – how much one is willing to risk

Risk compensation – Make adjustments or change behavior to reduce risk

Three principles for reducing risks– Never risk more than you can

afford to lose

– Do not risk a lot for a little

– Consider the odds and your situation

7 behaviors that increase driving risk

1. Speeding

2. Failure to yield

3. DUI

4. Disregard a sign or signal

5. Follow too close

6. No seatbelt

7. Cell phones

Good ways to reduce risk

• Develop sound habits & judgments

• Use SEEiT

• Make good decisions

Topic 2 - Space Management

Central Space Area

Direction of TravelDirection of Travel

Right-Front Zone(Maroon)

Right-Rear Zone(White)

Front Zone(Yellow)

Rear Zone(Blue)

Left-Front Zone(Green)

Left-Rear Zone(Red)

1

2

3

4

5

6

A zone refers to one of the six spaces around your vehicle. It is the width of a traffic lane and extends as far as you can see. A zone has three characteristics, it can be OPENOPEN,, CLOSED CLOSED or CHANGINGCHANGING.

Direction of TravelDirection of Travel

Move HereMove Here

Changing ZONEChanging ZONE

ClosedZONE

Check RearCheck Rear

Check SideCheck Side

Central Space Area

OpenZONE

OPEN —OPEN — a zone that has no restrictions to the line of sight or path of travel.CLOSED —CLOSED — a zone not available for the vehicle’s path of travel or an area that has a restriction to the driver's line of sight. CHANGING — CHANGING — an open zone that may change to a closed zone.

Open, Closed, or Changing ZonesOpen, Closed, or Changing Zones

• A A redred traffic signal is … traffic signal is …

• A parked car to your right is …A parked car to your right is …

• A bicyclist to your right is …A bicyclist to your right is …

• A vehicle in your left mirror blind area is …A vehicle in your left mirror blind area is …

• A motorcycle in your right mirror blind area is …A motorcycle in your right mirror blind area is …

• A large truck following closely behind is …A large truck following closely behind is …

Path of TravelPath of Travel

Will the motorcyclist enter your path of travel?

How can the driver of the red vehicle reduce risks?

Evasive action?

Target

Path of travel? Line of sight?View obstructed?2. 200-300 ft to prepare for turn

3. Communicate turn – signal, tap brakes & lane position (LP 3)

4. Slow down before the turn

5. Accelerate at the apex of the turn

6. Visual reference point to begin turn? When side view mirror appears to be even with the curb

7. Hand to hand steering (push pull slide)

Lane Changes

8. What areas must be checked before beginning a left lane change? Rear, Left rear & left front

9. Two reasons for making the lane change? Traffic moving slow (pass), must turn ahead, lane ends

10. How can you communicate the lane change? Signal, lane position

Topic 4&5 Turnabouts & Parking

Check traffic flow.Signal and position the vehicle 2-3 feet from curb.Drive beyond the driveway and stop.Shift to Reverse, monitor intended path of travel.Back slowly, turning steering wheel rapidly to the right as you enter driveway.Straighten wheels, centering car in driveway and stop with the wheels straight. Signal left and exit driveway when the way is clear.

Back into driveway on right sideBack into driveway on right side

Safest way to change directions in the city?

• Go around the block

• A lot of one way streets

3 point turn

Green = Drive

Red = Reverse

-- Approach the space at approximately 2-3 ft.

-- Target is the center of the space

-- Visual reference point for beginning to steer is the side view mirror appears to align with first line

-- Use hand to hand steering

Angle Parking at 30 degree angle

-- Approach the space at approximately 5-7 ft.-- Target is the center of the space-- Visual reference point for beginning to steer is the side view mirror appears to align with first line-- Use hand to hand steering

Parking at a 90 Degree Angle Parking at a 90 Degree Angle to the Curbto the Curb

Select a space that is at least Select a space that is at least five feet longerfive feet longer than your vehicle. Flash your brake lights and put on than your vehicle. Flash your brake lights and put on your turn signal as you approach the space.your turn signal as you approach the space.

Monitor the traffic to the rear.Monitor the traffic to the rear.

Place your vehicle Place your vehicle 3 feet3 feet from the vehicle you want from the vehicle you want to park behind with to park behind with back bumpers even.back bumpers even.

Put your vehicle in Reverse. Back slowly and turn Put your vehicle in Reverse. Back slowly and turn the steering wheel sharply.the steering wheel sharply.

Stop when your steering wheel is aligned with the Stop when your steering wheel is aligned with the back bumper of the front vehicle.back bumper of the front vehicle.

Continue backing slowly while steering sharply in Continue backing slowly while steering sharply in the opposite direction. Use quick glances to the front the opposite direction. Use quick glances to the front and rear.and rear.

Center the vehicle in the space. Wheels should be Center the vehicle in the space. Wheels should be 6 – 12 inches from the curb.6 – 12 inches from the curb.

Parking Parallel to the CurbParking Parallel to the Curb

DownDown HillHill

**When parking on a hill, you need to take special **When parking on a hill, you need to take special precautions to ensure your vehicle will not roll into the precautions to ensure your vehicle will not roll into the street and into traffic.street and into traffic.

UpUp Hill + Hill + CurbCurb

UpUp Hill - Hill - CurbCurb

•Approach

•Communication

•Target Areas

•Path of Travel

•Line of Sight

•Speed Adjustment

•Lane Position

•Reference Points

•Courtesy Considerations