Module 3: BioFuels “This product was funded by a grant awarded under the Workforce Innovation In Regional Economic Development Initiative as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration. The information contained in this product was created by a grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Labor. All references to non- governmental companies or organizations, their services, products, or resources are offered for information purposes and should not be construed as a endorsement by the Department of Labor. This product is copyrighted by the institution that created it and is intended for individual organization, non-commercial use only.” Sustainable Energy Workshop for Science and Technology Teachers (SEWFSTT)
40
Embed
Module 3: BioFuels “This product was funded by a grant awarded under the Workforce Innovation In Regional Economic Development Initiative as implemented.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Module 3: BioFuels
“This product was funded by a grant awarded under the Workforce Innovation In Regional Economic Development Initiative as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration. The information contained in this product was created by a grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Labor. All references to non-governmental companies or organizations, their services, products, or resources are offered for information purposes and should not be construed as a endorsement by the Department of Labor. This product is copyrighted by the institution that created it and is intended for individual organization, non-commercial use only.”
Sustainable Energy Workshop for Science and Technology Teachers (SEWFSTT)
• Starches converted to simple sugars: fructose, glucose, sucrose, etc.
• Saccharification (enzymes)
Starch Sugar
Glucose, Sucrose, Fructose, etc.
• Saccarification (Hydrolysis)
• Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction or process in which a chemical compound is broken down by reaction with water.
• Cellulase refers to a class of enzymes produced chiefly by fungi, bacteria, and protozoans that catalyze the cellulolysis (or hydrolysis) of cellulose
Glucose: monosaccaride with 6 carbons in a cyclical structure
(power-houses for many biological systems)
6126 OHC 112212 OHC
Ethanol from Corn
Cooking/Fermenting
• Sugars digested – Ethanol waste product
• Fermentation (yeast)
Sugar Ethanol
Fermentation
• Yeast (a variety of sources possible)
– Enzymatic– Anaerobic process– Temperature and PH dependent
(metabolic waste products)
Yeast is a Fungus (budding)
glycolysis
Pyruvate
Glucose
Acetyldehyde
Ethanol
Ethanol from Corn
Extraction/Distillation
• “Beer” = 8-12% ethanol
• Separate Ethanol
• Increase purification
Ethanol+ Ethanol
Ethanol from Corn
Extraction/Distillation
• “Beer” = 8-12% ethanol
• Separate Ethanol
• Increase purification
Clean-Up + Reuse ByProducts
E85/E10
• Ethanol increases the octane of fuel• E10 – 10% ethanol blend (gasohol)
– Cars can run on up to 10% ethanol without needing modifications
• E85 – 85% ethanol– Only certain cars can run with this blend
• Changing a car to E85 is not as simple as it seems (MotorTrend segment)
The logo from e85tips.com
Activity: Ethanol Production
• BioEthanol generator demonstration
Combustion of Ethanol
Combustion of Ethanol
Air is not pure oxygen
Waste products can also include nitrous oxides (NOxs)
Simple fuel – Simple reaction
1. Hydrocarbons: this class is made up of unburned or partially burned fuel (smog +toxic).
2. Nitrogen oxides (NOx): generated when nitrogen in the air reacts with oxygen under the high temperature and pressure conditions inside the engine. (smog + acid rain)
3. Carbon monoxide (CO): product of incomplete combustion
4. Carbon dioxide (CO2): an increasing concern as its role in global warming as a greenhouse gas
5. Particulates: micron sized particles
6. Sulphur oxide (SOx) general term for oxides of sulphur, mostly sulfur dioxide and some sulfur trioxide