Module 2 – Dale’s Cone of Experience, Pie Graph on Senses and Perception, Barriers to Communication, Instructional Media in the Classroom by: Roxan A.

Module 2 –Module 2 – Dale’s Cone of Experience, Dale’s Cone of Experience, Pie Graph on Senses and Perception, Pie Graph on Senses and Perception, Barriers to Communication, Barriers to Communication,

Instructional Media in the ClassroomInstructional Media in the Classroom

by: by:

Roxan A. ConsolacionRoxan A. Consolacion

Objectives:Objectives:

1.1. Label Edgar Dale’s “Cone of Label Edgar Dale’s “Cone of Experience” .Experience” .

2.2. Describe the Pie graph on senses and Describe the Pie graph on senses and perception and its implication in the perception and its implication in the learning process.learning process.

3.3. Enumerate barriers to communication.Enumerate barriers to communication.

4.4. Identify advantages and disadvantages Identify advantages and disadvantages of instructional media in the classroom.of instructional media in the classroom.

The Cone of ExperienceThe Cone of Experience

The cone of experience is a pictorial device The cone of experience is a pictorial device use to explain the interrelationships of the use to explain the interrelationships of the various types of audio-visual media, as various types of audio-visual media, as well as their individual “positions” in the well as their individual “positions” in the learning process. learning process.

The cone's utility in selecting instructional The cone's utility in selecting instructional resources and activities is as practical resources and activities is as practical today as when Dale created it.today as when Dale created it.

Pie Graph on Senses and Pie Graph on Senses and PerceptionPerception

11%

83%

1.5%3.5%

1.5%

Sight

Sound

Smell

Touch

Taste

Retention Rate LevelsRetention Rate Levels

involve in various learning activities. involve in various learning activities. Researchers found out that the most Researchers found out that the most effective approaches – resulting in 75% effective approaches – resulting in 75% and 90% retention rates, respectively – and 90% retention rates, respectively – are learning by doing and learning by are learning by doing and learning by teaching others (Danielson, 2002 as cited teaching others (Danielson, 2002 as cited by Corpuz and Salandanan, 2007). by Corpuz and Salandanan, 2007).

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Reading Hearing Seeing Hearing and

Seeing

Hearing Saying Doing

Saying

Barriers to CommunicationBarriers to Communication

1. 1. Physical BarriersPhysical Barriers timetimeEnvironmentEnvironment

2. Perceptual2. Perceptual- viewing what is said from your own - viewing what is said from your own mindsetmindset

3. Cultural3. Culturaldifferent model/image of the world different model/image of the world

and its relations and its relations different values and their hierarchy different values and their hierarchy different social norms, rules and different social norms, rules and

rituals formal and informal that rituals formal and informal that affect behavior and regulate an affect behavior and regulate an entire system of interactionentire system of interaction

4. Linguistic4. Linguistic

- don't speak the same language, - don't speak the same language, speaks on different level or use different speaks on different level or use different vocabulary, which means that symbols vocabulary, which means that symbols (words) used to pass information and their (words) used to pass information and their arrangement may have no meaning or arrangement may have no meaning or different meaningdifferent meaning

5. Social5. Social

- represent different social groups - represent different social groups which may differ their: which may differ their:

- general behavior as effect of - general behavior as effect of different social norms, rules and different social norms, rules and customs, customs, standards, beliefs standards, beliefs and priorities and priorities

- background and education- background and education

- use of language and level of its - use of language and level of its knowledgeknowledge

6. Individual / Personal6. Individual / Personal

- physical and mental abilities - physical and mental abilities

- preferences - preferences

- values and their hierarchy - values and their hierarchy

- different model/image of the world - different model/image of the world

- general behavior and emotional - general behavior and emotional states states

- background and education- background and education

- different use of language and the - different use of language and the level of its knowledge level of its knowledge

- different communication skills, which - different communication skills, which can be divided as follows: can be divided as follows:

Knowledge of: Knowledge of: interlocutorinterlocutorpurposepurposetopictopic

abilities to: abilities to: anticipate objections anticipate objections achieve credibility achieve credibility give full attention, give and get feedback give full attention, give and get feedback follow through what was said follow through what was said communicate a little at a time communicate a little at a time use multiple communication techniques use multiple communication techniques present information in several ways present information in several ways detect emotional states detect emotional states understand possible differences in understand possible differences in

perception perception

- abilities to avoid: - abilities to avoid:

muddled messages muddled messages

stereotyping stereotyping

wrong sub-channel wrong sub-channel

wrong language wrong language - other attitudes: other attitudes:

making eye-contact making eye-contact

giving prompts, i.e. nodding, smiling, giving prompts, i.e. nodding, smiling, etc. etc.

7. Gender Barriers7. Gender Barriers

- differences between the speech - differences between the speech

patterns of males and femalespatterns of males and females

female female – speaks between – speaks between

22,000 & 25,000 words/day22,000 & 25,000 words/day

male male – speaks between– speaks between

7,000 & 10,000 words/day7,000 & 10,000 words/day