Introduction to Human Resource Management HRM is a management function that helps managers recruit, select, train & develop members for an orgn. The main activities of HRM are:
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Introduction to Human Resource Management
HRM is a management function that helps managers recruit, select, train & develop
members for an orgn. The main activities of HRM are:
• Human Resource Planning
• Recruitment, Selection & Induction
• Training & Development
• Performance appraisal
• Wage & Salary Administration
• Employee Welfare
• Industrial Relations
Importance of Human factor
• Output greater than input.
• Only animate source.
• Complex & unpredictable behavior.
• Each individual is distinct.
Meaning of HRM: is planning, organizing, directing & controlling of the procurement, development, compensation, integration, maintenance, separation of HR to the end that individual, organization & societal objectives are accomplished.
Importance of HRM
• Social Significance:
- providing employment
- Compensating employees
- Health & safety of employees
- Helping to make their own decisions
• Professional significance:
- Maintains dignity of employees
- Opportunity for personal development
- Provides healthy relationship
- Improves working skill
• Significance for individuals:
-motivates
-creating right attitude
Comparative study of PM/HRM/HPM
PM is concerned with people at work & their relationships with each other. It is defined as a set of programmes, functions, & activities designed to maximise both personal & orgnl.goals.PM mainly focused on 3 major dimensions ie, Personnel aspect, Welfare aspect, Industrial aspect.
• HRM have 2 different versions- hard & soft
The ‘hard’ model focuses on close integration of human resources policies, systems & activities with business strategy in order to attain org.goals.
The ‘soft’ version is ‘developmental humanism’ model emphasizing the importance of integrating HR policies with business objectives, treating employees as valued assets.
• HPM
This concept embodies that people are different from other resources like land, money, power etc which are inanimate & as such cannot be compared. Understand the potential of each individual & thus the mgmt can do the promotions, career growth etc.
• Objectives of HRM
- Orgnl objective: creation of effective workforce to achieve orgnl. goals.
- Individual objective: satisfying employees through monetary & non-monetary devices.
- Social objective: satisfaction of community & social needs.
• Overview of HRM in Organization Internal env. Functions Responsibility• Top mgmt HRP Top Mgmt• Technology Job analysis Line mgrs Objective
• Org.Strgy Recruitment HR dept Attract• Size Selection Employees Retain• Structure Appraisal MotivateExternal env. Compensation What level Economy T&D Strategic PurposeCompetition Safety Managerial QWLLaw Control Operation Prodty IR
Role of HR Manager• Business partner: - providing inputs for corporate policies - helping line mgrs to solve problems• Innovator:- Re engineering traditional HR processes- Creating better performance mgmt. Integrator:- Building synergetic org. culture- Fostering & working as mediator- Problem solver- Counseller
• Change Agent:- Bringing new perspectives- Catalyzing change through effective
communication.Human Resource PlanningIs a process of forecasting an orgn’s future
demand for, & supply of, the right type of people in the right number. HRP is a sub-system in the total orgnl. planning.
Importance of HRP:-future personnel need-Coping with change
-creating highly talented personnel
-protection of weaker sections
The HRP Process
Environment
Orgnl. Obj & policiesHR need forecast HR supply forecast
HR programming
HRP implementation
Control & evaluationSurplus.Restricted hiring
.Reduced hrs.VRS, Lay off etc
Shortage.Recruitment &
selection
• HR demand forecast: estimating the future quantity & quality of people required.
• HR supply forecast: measures the no. of people likely to be available from within & outside an org. The supply analysis covers
- Existing human resources
- Internal sources of supply
- External sources of supply
• The simplest way to forecast internal supply is the inflows & outflows method.
Sources of Sources of Inflows Outflows
Transfers in Current ResignationsPromotions in Personnel Demotions Level Retirements Promotions Total Outflows Current personnel level- outflows+ inflows=internal supply
• HR programming: Once the demand & supply are forecast, the two must be reconciled or balanced in order that vacancies can be filled by the right employees at the right time.
• HR Plan Implementation: converting HR plan into action. It includes;
- Recruitment, Selection & placement- T&D- Retraining & Redeployment: New skills are
to be imparted to existing staff when technology changes.
- Retention Plan: covers actions which would help to reduce avoidable separations of employees.
- Downsizing Plan (Redundancy): where there is surplus workforce, trimming of labor force will be necessary.
. Control & Evaluation: The HR plan should include budgets, targets, & stds.It should also clarify responsibilities for implementation & control, & establish
reporting procedures which will enable achievements to be monitored against the plan.
JOB ANALYSIS: is a process of collecting information about a job. The process of job analysis results in two sets of data:
1. Job description
2. Job specification
Contents:1. Job title: Name of the position & code2. Nature of the job.3. Duties specified to be performed4. Equipments & machineries used during
performing his duties.5. Skills, Abilities & Knowledge required for
the job.6. Physical effort / mental effort, hazards,
supervision etc.7. Report, Records.
Use of Job Analysis:
1. Helps in forming org. structure:
- Responsibility
- Authority
- Accountability
2. Helps manpower planning:
- Future job requirements
- Skill requirements
3. Recruitment:
- Matching job requirements & skills
4. Orientation:
- What is expected from the orgn. when he hold that post.
5. Performance Appraisal:
-Performance std. fixes.
- Performance review
6. Career path planning:
- Broad outlook
Job Analysis
A process of obtaining all pertinent job facts
Job DescriptionA statement containing items:
•Job title•Location•Job summary•Duties•Machines, tools & equipments•Supervision given or received•Working Conditions•Hazards
Job SpecificationA statement of human qualifications necessary to do the job.
•Education•Experience•Training•Judgment•Initiative•Responsibilities•Communication skills•Emotional characteristics•Physical skills•Unusual sensory demandssuch as sight, smell, hearing.
Recruitment: is the process of searching for prospective employees & stimulating them to apply for jobs in the orgn.
Steps in Recruitment Process:1.Recruitment policy (mention the criteria)2.Recruitment orgn: (a team is formed who has to
do the activities)3.A forecast of manpower. (how many people
required) 4. Assessment.
• Place of recruitment in selection process
personnelHRP
Recruitingneeded
personnel
SelectingQualifiedpersonnel
PlacingNew
employee
DevelopingSources ofPotential
employees
Search forPotentialemployee
EvaluatingRecruiting
effectiveness
Internalsources
Externalsources
Personnelresearch
Job posting(redeployment)
Employee referrals
Advertising
Scouting(investigation)
Upgrading in same position
Transferring to new job
Promoting to higherresponsibilities
Evaluating for selection
• Sources of Recruitment
- Internal Sources: it refers to the sources of filling up a vacancy by the existing working force of an orgn. Some of the sources were promotions, transfers, up gradation.
- External Sources: mainly from outside ie, through Adv, employment exchanges, educational institutions, labor contracts etc.
• Selection: The selection procedure is the system of functions & devices adopted in a given company to ascertain whether the candidates specification are matched with the job specification & requirements or not.
• Significance of selection process: if we select right candidates;
- The employee contribution & commitment will be at optimum level.
- Employer-Employee relationship will be pleasing.
- Asset to the org.
Selection process: Envml.factors
Preliminary Interview
Selection Tests
Employment interview
Reference & backgroundAnalysis
Selection Decision
Physical Examination
Job Offer
Employment Contract
Evaluation
Rejected applicants
• Environmental factors: Both the internal & external factors affect the selection process.
• Preliminary Interview: the applications received from job seekers would be subject to scrutiny so as to eliminate unqualified applicants.
• Selection tests: Job seekers who pass the screening are called for tests. Different types of tests are used.
1. Ability tests (achievement test): to check how well an individual can perform task related job.
2.Aptitude test: a person’s potential to learn a given job.
3. Personality test: to measure a prospective employee’s motivation to function in a particular working envm.
4. Interest test: used to measure an individuals activity preferences.
5. Intelligence test: measure the IQ of a person.
• Employment interview: can be 1. one-to-one: only two participants;
interviewer & interviewee2. sequential interview: usually utilizing the
strength & knowledge-base of each interviewer, so that each interviewer can ask questions in relation to his/her subject area of each candidate, as the candidate moves from room to room.
3. Panel interview: consists of two or more interviewers & the figure may go up to as many as 15.
• Reference & background checks: many employers request names, addresses, & telephone numbers or references for the purpose of verifying information.
• Selection decision: the most critical of all the steps. The HR manager plays a crucial role in the final selection.
• Physical examination: in some orgn. Fitness test is necessary. The reason is
- To detect if the individual carries any infectious diseases.
- Test whether an applicant is physically fit to perform the work.
. Job offer: is the next step in selection process for those applicants who have crossed all previous hurdles. job offer is made through a letter of appointment.
. Contracts of employment: After the acceptance of offer ,certain documents need to be executed by the employer which is called attestation form. This form contains
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