Module 05 Common Pelagic Fish Species-gina-jean

8/11/2019 Module 05 Common Pelagic Fish Species-gina-jean

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Outline

Pelagic fishes defined

Two main groups

Large pelagics

Swordfishes, billfishes (Family Xiphiidae andIstiophoridae)

Dolphinfish (Family Coryphaenidae)

A focus on TUNAS, Thunnus spp. (Family

Scombridae)

Module 5. Pelagic Fishes


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Outline

Small pelagics

Belonidae

Caesionidae

Carangidae

Clupeidae

Engraulidae

Exocoetidae Hemiramphidae


Menidae

Scombridae

Sphyraenidae

Trichiuridae

Note: The dom inant famil ies and representat ive

species may be modif ied to be region - or area-

speci f ic


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Pelagic fishes: Definition

Pelagic f ish es are diverse group of f ish es that l ive atthe upp er layer of the water co lumn


Use simplified

diagram


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Pelagic fishes: Two main classifications

Large pelagics Small pelagics



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LARGE PELAGICS



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Pelagic fishes: Large pelagics

Family Xiphiidae

Family Istiophoridae

Upper jaw prolonged into

a long bill, f lat oval in

cross section

Upper jaw prolonged into

a long spear, roundincross section


pelvic fin caudal keels


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Diagnost ic

character ist ics

Upper jaw p rolonged

into a lon g bi l l , f lat oval

in cros s-sect ion

Two wid ely separate

do rsal f ins in adults, the

f irst w ith 38 to 45 so ft

rays and the secon dwith 4 or 5 so f t rays

A large median keel

present on each sid e of

caudal pedunc le

A large and d eep no tch

on bo th upper and

lower prof i les of caudal

peduncle

Pelvic f ins absent

Xiphias gladiusSwordfish

(malasugi)

Family Xiphiidae

One large

median keel

on each side




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Family Istiophoridae

Is t iopho rus platypterus

Indo-pacific sailfish(malasugi)

Ist iomplax ind ica (Makaira ind ica)

Black marlin

(local name)

Makaira mazara

Indo-pacific blue marlin

(local name)about 15 obscurever t ical bars on b ody

pectoral f ins rigid,cannot be folded back

to sides of body

sail l ike first dorsal f in

Pelvic fin rays

long, almost

reaching to anus




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Family Coryphaenidae

Coryp haena equisel is

Pompano dolphinfish(dorado)

Coryphaena hippurus

Common dolphinfish

(dorado)




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Diagnost ic

character ist ics

bod y elongate and

fus i fo rm

two d orsa l f ins

f in lets p resent behind

dorsal and anal f ins

caudal f in deeplyforked

at least 2 sm all keels

on each sid e of caudal

peduncle, a larger k eel

in between in m any

species

in som e species,

corselet developed

(area behind h ead and

around pectoral f ins

covered with

moderately large, thick

Family Scombridae


*60 cm FL *60-80 cm FL

*150 cm FL

*90 cm FL

Tunas

Other Scombrids *20 cm FL

*Common Length



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A focus on TUNAS, Thunnus spp.




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Thunnus albacares and Thunnusobesus




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a

Diagnost ic

character ist ics

a. pectoral f ins are

straight and st i f f

Thunnus albacares, Yellowfin tuna

(bariles/tambakol)



b . two dist inct ly

raised r idg es

present in caudal

f in that form the

V or M notch

c . br ight yel low

f in lets wi th no or

s l ight black

edging

Dorsal view

b

c

M d l 5 P l i Fi h


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Diagnost ic

character ist ics

Thunnus albacares, Yellowfin tuna

(bariles/tambakol)



e. r ight lobe of l iver

longer and

th inner than

round ed media l

and lef t lobes;

lobes sm ooth , nostr iat ions

d. swim bladder

occu pies ent i re

body cav ity

d e

M d l 5 P l i Fi h


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Diagnost ic

character ist ics

a. pectoral f ins formsmoo th arc wi th

floppy tips

Thunnus obesus, Big-eye tuna

(bariles/tambakol)



a

b. centr al area of

caudal f in f lat with

two

inconsp icuous low

mou nds present

c. yel low ish f in lets

edged with black

b

c

Dorsal view

M d l 5 P l i Fi h


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Diagnost ic

character ist ics

d. sw im bladderoccu pies ent i re

body cav ity

Thunnus obesus, Big-eye tuna

(bariles/tambakol)



e. l iver with 3

round ed lobes of

abou t equal size;

ventral surface

str iated

d

e


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To the untrained eye, Yellowfin and Bigeye

Tunas are often difficult to tell apart!

Dont worry, there arefeatures that we can look

at to help us in their

identification


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Yellowfin vs Bigeye Tunas: Comparison by

external characteristics

Bigeye (~ 34 cm) Longer, pointed pectoral fin

Irregular, white lines across

body

Large head, deep body, large

eye

Dusky colored tail

Yellowfin (~ 33 cm)

Short, blunt pectoral fin

Closely spaced markings of

lines and rows of dots in

chevron pattern extending to

insertion of pectoral fin

Shorter, smaller head, small,round eye

Yellowish tail


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Yellowfin (~ 56 cm)

Long, narrow body, small head, small eye

Closely spaced, chevron pattern of alternating lines

and rows of spots clearly visible to below pectoral fin

Bigeye (~ 56cm)

Large, deep head, large eye, deeply rounded body Long pectoral fin with thin, pointed tip

Vertical, widely spaced irregular white lines


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Bigeye (93 cm)

Rounded, deep body outline, large, deep head, largeeye

Long pectoral fin, thin tip pointing ventrally

Flat trailing edge of tail

Yellowfin (96 cm)

Long, narrow body, straight outline behind 2nddorsal fin

Thick, relatively short, blade-like pectoral fin

Small head and eye

Notch in center of tail


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Bigeye (99 cm)

Deep, rounded body outline, large, deep head, large

eye

Long pectoral fin, thin, pointed, wavy tip

Trailing edge of caudal fin flat

Yellowfin (104 cm)

Long, narrow body, straight behind 2nddorsal fin, small head and eye

Evenly spaced lines and rows of uniform dots

Noticeable V notch in caudal fin with two raised areas

2nddorsal and anal fins beginning to elongate

Module 5 Pelagic Fishes


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Thunnus alalunga and Thunnustonggol





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Diagnost ic

character ist ics

a. colour less

pectoral f ins long ,

reach w ay past

second do rsal

and anal f ins

Thunnus alalunga,Albacore tuna

(tambakol)



b. back edge of

caudal f in wh i te

or color less



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Diagnost ic

character ist ics

a. pectoral f ins barely

reach space

between dorsal f ins

Thunnus tonggo l, Longtail tuna

(tambakol)



b. second d orsal fin

tal ler th an f irst

dorsal f in

c . 9 dorsal f in lets and

8 anal fin lets

d. body slender,

especial ly towardscaudal f in

e. fain t rows o f

co lour less spots

along bel ly

livr



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Other Scombridae




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Family Scombridae

Rastrel l iger brachysoma

Short-bodied mackerel

(hasa-hasa)

Rastrel l iger faughn iIsland mackerel

(alumahan)

Rastrel l iger kanagu rta

Indian mackerel

(alumahan)

Body very deep; head

length equal to body

depth; Gil l rakers very

long, vis ib le when

mouth is opened

Body moderately

deep; head length

longer than body

depth; Gil l rakers very

long, vis ib le when

mouth is opened

Body sl im; Gi l l rakers

shor t , not vis ib le

when mouth is

opened

2 rows of prominent spo ts at base of f i rst dorsal

f in , vis ib le from above

black blotch behind

pectoral-f in base

1 or 2 rows of sm al l , dark spots on sides

of dors al-f in bases

black spot on body n ear lower

margin of pectora l f insPelagic fishes: Small pelagics




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Family Scombridae

Scomber austra lasicus

Spotted chub mackerel

(alumahang bato)

Scomber japonicu s

Chub mackerel

(alumahang bato)

obl ique l ines wh ich zigzag

crossed faint wavy l ines

thin wavy, broken lines which appear as speckling

sometimes with numerous dusky, rounded blotches

Pelagic fishes: Small pelagics




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Family Scombridae

Aux is rochei rocheiBullet tuna

(tulingan)

Auxis thazard thazard

Frigate tuna

(tulingan)

Corselet is well developed in its posterior part(more than 6 sc ales wide un der second do rsal-

f in origin)

Corselet is well developed and narrow in its posterior

par t (no m ore than 5 scales wide under second dorsal-

f in or ig in) OR does not reach second dorsal f in or ig in

Dark spot connected

Dark spot

separated

Pattern of 15 or mor e fair ly

broad, nearly vert ical dark

bars

Pattern of 15 or more narrow, obliqu e

to nearly horizontal, dark wavy lines





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4 to 6 horizontal lines on

belly

Family Scombridae

Euthynnu s aff in is

Kawakawa

(local name)

Katsuwonus pelamis

Skipjack tuna

(gulyasan)

Back spots

Narrow interspace





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Family Scombridae

Scomberomo rus commerson

Narrow-barred spanish mackerel(tangige)

Scomberomo rus gut tatus

Indo-pacific king mackerel(tangige)

Acanthocyb ium so landr i

Wahoo

(tangige)

Maxil la exposed

Maxil la conc ealed





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Family Scombridae

Sarda oriental isStriped bonito

(tambakol)

Gymnosarda unico lorDogtooth tuna

(tambakol)5 to 11 dark dorsallongi tudinal str ipes

Very w avy lateral

l ine


g


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Grammatorcynu s bi l inetaus

Double lined-mackerel(Alumahang Bato)

Family Scombridae

Scomberomorus queenslandic

Queensland school mackerel(Tanigue)

Scomberomorus semifasciatus

Broad-barred king mackerel

(Hasa-hasa)

Scomberomo rus munro i

Australian spotted mackerel

(Bariles)


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SMALL PELAGICS



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Family Belonidae

Tylosurus acus melanotus

Agujon needlefish(balo/kambabalo)

Ablennes hians

Flat needlefish

(balo/kambabalo)

Tylosurus crocodi lus crocodi lus

Hound needlefish(balo/kambabalo)

Strongy lura leiura

Yellowfin needlefish

(balo/kambabalo)

Bony appendage of some

specimens

Dist inct b lack lateral

keel on caudal

peduncle

Teeth point forw ard

No lateral keel on

caudal peduncle


g


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Platybelone argalus platyura

Keeltail needlefish

Tylos uru s gavialo ides

Stout longtomKambabalo

Family Belonidae



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Family Caesionidae

Caesio cun ing

Redbelly yellowtail fusilier(dalagang bukid)


Caesio lu nar is

Lunaris fusilier(dalagang bukid)

Caesio caerulaurea

Blue and gold fusilier

(dalagang bukid)

Caesio teres

Yellow and blueback fusilier

(dalagang bukid)



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Family Caesionidae

Pterocaesio chrysozona

Goldband fusilier(local name)


Pterocaesio dig ramma

Doublelined fusilier(local name)

Pterocaesio marr i

Marrs fusilier

(local name)

Pterocaesio pisang

Banana fusilier

(local name)

Bright yel low band direct ly

below lateral l ine



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Family Caesionidae

Pterocaesio randall i

Randalls fusilier(local name)


Dipterygonotus balteatus

Mottled fusilier(local name)

Pterocaesio ti le

Darkbanded fusilier

(local name)

Pterocaesio tr i l ineata

Threestripe fusilier

(local name)

Lateral l ine covered by

black strpe

Large yellow blotch



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Family Carangidae

6 Common Decapterusspecies, Roundscads (local:

galonggong) caught in Philippine waters

Decapterus macrosom a

Shortfin scad

Decapterus russel l i

Indian scad

Decapterus macarel lus

Mackerel scad

Decapterus m aruadsi

Japanese scad

Decapterus tabl

Roughear scad

Decapterus ku rro ides

Redtail scad

Dusky brown tail Yellowish tail Reddish tail




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Family Carangidae




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Family Carangidae




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Family Carangidae




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Family Carangidae



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Family Carangidae

Caranx ignob i l is

Giant trevallyMaliputo

Caranx melampygus

Bluefin trevallyTalakitok/Maliputo

Caranx p apuensis

Brassy trevallyPampano/Talakitok

Caranx sexfasciatus

Bigeye trevally

Maliputo/Talakitok

Caranx ti l le

Tille trevally

Bulubukto/Talakitok

Decapterus akaadsi


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Family CarangidaeDecapterus muro adsi

Amberstripe scad

Galunggong

Elagat is b ip innulata

Rainbow runner

Salmon

Megalaspis cordy la

Torpedo scad

Oriles/Pampano

Pseudocaranx d entex

White trevally

Duhay/Laparan

Scomb eroides lysan

Doublespotted queenfish

Lapis

Scomb eroides tala

Barred queenfish

Lapis


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Family CarangidaeScomb eroides tol

Needlescaled queenfish

Lapis/Talang-talang

Serio la dumeri l i

Needlescaled queenfish

Lapis/Talang-talang

Seriola lalandi

Yellowtail amberjackTrachinotu s bai l loni i

Small spotted dart

Pampano/Talakitok


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Family Carangidae

Ulua mental isLongrakered trevally

Piaka/Talakitok

Scombero ides comm ersonn ianusLongrakered trevally



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Family Carangidae



Decapterus macrosoma

Shortfin scad

Decapterus ru ssel l i

Indian scad

Dusky brown tail


supramaxillamaxilla

supramaxilla

maxilla



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Family Carangidae



Decapterus m acarel lus

Mackerel scad

Decapterus maruads i

Japanese scad

Yellowish tail


White membrane in upper jaw palate



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Family Carangidae



Decapterus tabl

Roughear scad

Decapterus kurroid es

Redtail scad

Reddish tail


supramaxilla

maxilla

supramaxilla

maxilla



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Family Carangidae

Selar boop s

Oxeye scad(matangbaka)

Selar

crumenophtha lmus

Bigeye scad

(matangbaka)

Scutes thick and long

Scutes smal l and sh ort

Big eye




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Family CarangidaeAlepes djedaba, Shrimp

scad(salaysalay)

Atu le mate, Yellowtail scad

(kalapato)

Megalasp is co rdyla, Hardtail

(oriles)

Selaroides leptolepis, Yellowstripe

scad(salaysalay ginto)

Yellow str ipeBlack opercular

spot

Term inal ray of


not f inlet- l ike

Term inal ray of


f inlet- l ike

Large scutes

Finlets


Family Carangidae



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Family Carangidae

Jacks, Trevally (local: talakitok)

Alect is indicu s

Indian threadfish

(local name)

Caranx

ignobi l is

Trevally

(local name)

Carangoides

ferdau

Trevally

(local name)

Ulua mental is

Longrakered trevally(local name)

Gnathanodon

spec iosus

Golden trevally

(local name)

Uraspis uraspis

Whitemouth jack

(local name)




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Elagatis bipin nu lata

Rainbow runner

(salmon)

Scomberoides lysan

Queenfish

(lapis, dorado)

Seriol ina nig rofasc iata

Blackbanded trevally(tonto)

Naucrates ductor

Pilotfish(local name)Parastromateus niger

Black pomfret

(local name)

Family Carangidae


No scutes

No scutes

No scutes

No scutes

18-19 weak s cutes ,

form ing sl ight keel



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Family Clupeidae

Sardinel la gibb osa

Goldstripe sardinella(tamban)


Sardinel la f imb r iata

Fringescale sardinella(tamban, lapad)

Amblygaster si rm

Spotted sardinella

(tunsoy)

Sardinel la lemuru

Bali sardinella

(tunsoy)

Dark spot on

dorsa l f in or ig in

Blackish caudal f in

Dark black spot at gi l l cov er edge;

go lden spot beh ind opercu lumLateral series of 10 to 20

dark b lu ish go ld spots

golden midlatera l

l ine down f lank



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Family Clupeidae

Dussum ier ia acuta

Rainbow sardine(tulis)


Dussum ier ia elopso ides

Slender rainbow sardine(tulis)

Anod ontostoma chacunda

Chacunda gizzard shad

(kabasi)

Nematolosa n asus

Blochs gizzard shad

(kabasi)


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Family Clupeidae

Sardinel la longic eps

Indian oil sardine

Tamban/Tunsoy

Amblygaster le iogaster

Smoothbelly sardinella

Tamban

Herlotsichthys quadrimaculatus

Bluestripe herring

Tunsoy

Spratel lo ides robustus

Fringe-scale round herring

Spratel lo ides graci l i

Silver-stripe rounde herring

Dilis

Sardinella melanu ra

Blacktip sardinella

Tamban/Lao-lao

Family EngraulidaeModule 5. Pelagic Fishes


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Family Engraulidae

Anchovies

(dilis, tuakang)


Stolephorus

Pre-pelvic scu tesPointed

maxi l la

Engraul is

No pre-pelvic scutesRoundedmaxi l la

Encrasichol ina Thryssa

Pre-pelvic scutes

Pointed

maxi l la


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Family Engraulidae

Sto lephorus commersonn i i

Commersons anchovy

Munamon/Dilis

Sto lephorus ind icus

Indian anchovy

Dilis/Munamon

Stolephorus ronqu i l lo i

Ronquillos anchovy

Tuakang/Dilis

Encrasichol ina punct i fer

Buccaneer anchovy

Bolinao

Encrasichol ina devisi

Devis anchovy

Bulinao/Dilis

Stolephorus heteroloba

Shorthead anchovy

Dilis

Family Exocoetidae



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y

Flyingfishes

(bolador)

ParexocoetusExocoetus

HirundichthysChei lopogon, Cypselurus,

Progn ich thys

Origin o f anal f in 3 rays ormore behind or ig in of d orsal

f in

Or ig in of anal f in sl ight ly

before, und er or not

more than 2 rays behindor ig in of dorsal f in

6-7 Scale rowsPelv ic f ins shor t



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Family Exocoetidae

Chei lopogon cyanopterus

Margined flying fish

Bolador

Chei lopogon furcatus

Spotfin flying fish

Bolador/Iliw

Chei lopogon nigr icans

Blacksail flying fish

Bolador/Iliw

Chei lopogon poeci lopterus

Yellow flying fish

Bolador/Iliw


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Family HemiramphidaeRhynchorhampus georg i i

Long billed half beak

Bugiw/Siriw

Hemirhampus far

Black-barred half beak

Bugiw/Susay

Hemirhampus lutkei

Lutkes halfbeak

Buging/Kansusuwit

Hemirhampus robu stus

Three-by-two garfish

Soroy/Sasa

Hemirhampus af f in is

Tropical halfbeak

Siriw/Kansusuwit



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Family Menidae

Mene maculata

Moonfish(chabeta)


Body ext remely comp ressed

Pelvic f ins

Anal f in



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Family Sphyraenidae

Sphy raena barracud a

Great barracuda(torcillo/barracuda)

Sphy raena obtu sata

Obtuse barracuda

(torcillo/barracuda)

Sphyraena jel lo

Pickhandle barracuda


Sphy raena pu tnamae

Sawtooth barracuda


Double

emarginate

caudal f in

Caudal f in

yel lowish

Caudal f in

yel lowish

Caudal f in

largely

black

Dark m arkings crossing latera l l ine on body

Dark bars cross ing latera l l ine on body

Obl ique dark bars on upper hal f of

bod y, not cro ssin g lateral l ine




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Family Trichiuridae

Tr ich iurus lepturus

Largehead hairtail

(espada)


Ribbon-l ike

Caudal f in absent


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Family Trichiuridae

Tr ich iurus ganget icus

Ganges hairtail

(espada)



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END of LECTURE



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REVIEW GAME(modify using important fish families and species in

area)-work as a group

-correctly identify the species shown and accumulate

points!

To which FAMILY do these f ishes belong? (1



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point)

1

T hi h FAMILY d th f i h b l ? (1



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point)

2

Give the (a) Fam ily, (b) Common Eng lish name,Module 5. Pelagic Fishes


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and (c) Scient i f ic name of the f ish shown (3

points)

3



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points)

4

Gil l rakers very lo ng and visib le

when mouth is opened

1 or 2 rows of sm al l , dark spots on sides

of dors al-f in bases

black spot on b ody near lowermargin of pectora l f ins

Head length longer than bod y depth

T hi h FAMILY d th f i h b l ? (1



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point)

5



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points)

6



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points)

7




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point)

8




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point)

9



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points)

10

pectoral f ins are

straight and st i f f

two dist inct ly ra ised

r idges present in

caudal f in that form

the V or M notch

br ight y ellow f in lets

wi th no o r s l igh t

b lack edging



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HOW DID YOU DO?

Module 05 Common Pelagic Fish Species-gina-jean

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