Virginia Driver Responsibilities: Virginia Driver Responsibilities: Preparing to Operate a Vehicle Preparing to Operate a Vehicle Topic 1 -- Topic 1 -- Driver Preparation Procedures Driver Preparation Procedures Topic 2 -- Topic 2 -- Identifying Vehicle Control Devices Identifying Vehicle Control Devices Topic 3 -- Topic 3 -- Operating Vehicle Control Devices Operating Vehicle Control Devices Topic 4 -- Topic 4 -- Vehicle Balance Considerations Vehicle Balance Considerations Topic 5 -- Topic 5 -- Standard Vehicle Reference Points Standard Vehicle Reference Points Module Two Transparencies Module Two Transparencies Virginia Virginia Department of Department of Education Education Provided in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles Provided in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles
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Virginia Driver Responsibilities: Virginia Driver Responsibilities:
Preparing to Operate a VehiclePreparing to Operate a Vehicle
Module Two TransparenciesModule Two Transparencies
VirginiaVirginia Department of Department of EducationEducation
Provided in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Motor VehiclesProvided in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles
Check around the outsideCheck around the outside of the vehicle for broken glass (windows, lights,etc.), body damage, condition of tires, fluid leaks, direction of front tires, or debris on the ground that could interfere with movement.
Pre-DrivePre-Drive TasksTasks
T – 2.1
Topic 1 Lesson 1
Check forCheck for small children or pets near vehicle.
T – 2.2
Pre-DrivePre-Drive TasksTasksTopic 1 Lesson 1
• Sliding books or book bags on seats when slowing or stopping will distract the driver.
• Food or beverages also distract the driver from the driving task.
• Valuables visible in the car may attract a thief.
Store personal items in trunk of vehicle Store personal items in trunk of vehicle
When parked at the When parked at the curbcurb• Approach vehicle from the front to monitor
oncoming traffic.• Approach driver’s door with key in hand.
When parked in When parked in parking lotparking lot• Approach vehicle from the rear to observe people
or objects near the car.• Approach driver’s door with key in hand.
T – 2.3
Pre-DrivePre-Drive TasksTasksTopic 1 Lesson 1
• Unlock DoorsUnlock Doors
• Check traffic flowCheck traffic flow
• Enter the vehicleEnter the vehicle
Under the Hood ChecksUnder the Hood Checks
3
811
10
9
1
2
6
7 4
5
1. Engine Coolant Reservoir
2. Windshield Washer Fluid
Reservoir
3. Engine Oil Filler Cap
4. Transmission Fluid
Dipstick (Automatic
Transmission)
5. Engine Oil Dipstick
6. Brake Fluid Reservoir
7. Clutch Fluid Reservoir
(Manual Transmission)
8. Battery
9. Power Steering Fluid
Reservoir
10. Drive Belts
11. Air Filter Assembly
T – 2.4
Topic 1 Lesson 2
Tires• Tire pressure
– Check recommendation in owner’s manual
• Tread wear, damage, or bars showing
• Cuffing (uneven wear on inside or outside tread areas)
• Bald spots• Cuts, stones, metal
fragments, or other damage
Vehicle Safety, Vehicle Safety, Communication Devices Communication Devices & Accessories& Accessories
• Headlights, tail lights, and turn signals
• Emergency lights and markers• Emergency kit• Windshield wiper blades,
operation, and washer fluid• HVAC• Safety warning lamps (brake,
ABS, air bag, safety belts)
T – 2.4a
Weekly Self-ChecksTopic 1 Lesson 2
Under the Hood ChecksUnder the Hood ChecksTopic 1 Lesson 2
Self-CheckSelf-Check
Check every 1-2 MonthsCheck every 1-2 Months
• All interior and exterior lights• Engine oil level, brake fluid level, and
engine coolant level• Lap/shoulder belts and seat latches for
wear and smooth function
Check Twice Per YearCheck Twice Per Year
• Air pressure in spare tire• Power steering fluid level• Parking brake for proper operation• Hinges, latches, door weather strips, and
outside locks (check and lubricate)• Body and door drain holes (check and
clean)• Cooling system coolant strength• Battery connections (clean if necessary)• Transmission fluid level
hoses, and parking brake system• Engine cooling system• Steering linkage, suspension and, if
equipped, drive shaft and ball joints• Cabin air filter replacement, if equipped
Every 30,000 Miles
• Exhaust system and heat shield• Engine air filter and fuel filter replacement• Accessory drive belts• Automatic transmission/transaxle service, if
equipped
T – 2.4b
Driver ReadinessDriver Readiness TasksTasks
T – 2.5
Topic 1 Lesson 3
SecuritySecurity
- Check passengers for safe entry
- Lock doors
- Place key in appropriate location
Driver’s Seating PositionDriver’s Seating Position
- Adjust so driver’s heel can pivot Adjust so driver’s heel can pivot smoothly between foot pedalssmoothly between foot pedals
- Adjust to allow at least 10” between Adjust to allow at least 10” between driver’s chest and the steering wheeldriver’s chest and the steering wheel
- Adjust seat back for driver’s visual Adjust seat back for driver’s visual needsneeds
Driver ReadinessDriver Readiness TasksTasks
T – 2.6
Topic 1 Lesson 3
RestraintsRestraints- Safety belt positioned across chest and
over pelvis (strongest skeletal bones)
- Sit at least 10” from the steering wheel and side air bags
- Head restraint – middle of the back of the skull
• Adjust the seat, place your lower back firmly against the seat and sit up straight (if equipped with adjustable center post mountings for shoulder belt height, adjust height setting so the belt does not rub against your neck)
• grab the bracket above the latch plate and pull the belt across your pelvis (make sure it is not twisted)
• push the latch into the buckle until you hear it click (check to make sure the latch is locked)
• snug the lap belt by pulling down on the buckle end as you pull up on the shoulder belt
Adjusting Safety Belt for Proper FitAdjusting Safety Belt for Proper Fit
- Set rear view mirror to see 200 feet to the rear.
- Set side view mirror 15 degrees out to view adjacent lane.
MirrorsMirrors
T – 2.6a
NOTE: If rear view is blocked, adjust side view mirrors to see the side of vehicle and area behind the vehicle. This mirror setting will increase your blind spot.
Starting TasksStarting Tasks
Check/set parking brakeCheck/set parking brake
Place foot on service Place foot on service
brakebrake
Put key in ignition and Put key in ignition and unlockunlock
Move shifter to Move shifter to
park/neutralpark/neutralT – 2.7
Topic 1 Lesson 3
Starting TasksStarting Tasks
Turn ignition to the on Turn ignition to the on positionposition
• Precise Steering, Braking, and Accelerator InputPrecise Steering, Braking, and Accelerator Input– Less steering movement needed in modern vehicles
– Need smooth acceleration/deceleration
– Squeeze brakes for balanced stops
• Changes in Steering Ratios, 1980's to DateChanges in Steering Ratios, 1980's to Date- Steering input has been significantly reducedSteering input has been significantly reduced
Vision GoalsVision Goals- Maintaining an open line of sightMaintaining an open line of sight
- Searching skillsSearching skills
- Targeting line of sight, path of travelTargeting line of sight, path of travel
- Referencing vehicle to path of travelReferencing vehicle to path of travel
- Using visual references and turning Using visual references and turning targetstargets
- Forward visual turning points
- Rear visual turning points
Determining Vehicle Operating SpaceDetermining Vehicle Operating Space
Markers represent edge of Markers represent edge of sightlinessightlines
Outline of pavement area around Outline of pavement area around the car the driver cannot see from the car the driver cannot see from the driver’s seatthe driver’s seat
Rectangles are the tire patches and Rectangles are the tire patches and asterisks represent the vehicle’s asterisks represent the vehicle’s
forward and rear turning axisforward and rear turning axis
T – 2.33
Topic 5 Lesson 1
* *
Forward
Rear
Traditional Mirror Views and Blind SpotsTraditional Mirror Views and Blind Spots
Notice the large blind zone areas and the Notice the large blind zone areas and the overlap between the side and rear mirrors overlap between the side and rear mirrors when using traditional mirror settings.when using traditional mirror settings.
T – 2.34
Topic 5 Lesson 1
Rear view mirror ( )
Left side view mirror
Right side view mirror
Left mirror blind zone
Right mirror blind zone
Mirror Blind Spot and Glare Elimination (BGE)Mirror Blind Spot and Glare Elimination (BGE)
Adjusting the side mirror setting 15 degree outward (BGE) allows you Adjusting the side mirror setting 15 degree outward (BGE) allows you to see the lanes to the sides and does not overlap as much with the to see the lanes to the sides and does not overlap as much with the
area you can already see in your rear view mirrorarea you can already see in your rear view mirror
T – 2.35
Topic 5 Lesson 1
•Peripheral Vision Area
Peripheral Vision Area
Standard Referencing PointsStandard Referencing Points
Referencing Points:Referencing Points:
• Provide visual cues to establish vehicle position.
• Relate part of the vehicle to some part of the roadway.
• Allow the driver to determine proper placement within a lane.
• Allow for reduced-risk lane positions.
T – 2.36
Topic 5 Lesson 2
RIGHT RIGHT Reference Reference
PointsPoints
LEFT LEFT Reference Reference PointsPoints
6 inches from line or median
3 feet from line or median
6 inches from line or curb
3 feet from line or curb
Front LimitationFront LimitationF
ron
t L
imit
atio
n
• AT INTERSECTIONSAT INTERSECTIONS
• IN A STOPPING POSITIONIN A STOPPING POSITION
• PARKINGPARKING
You will need to know where the front end of You will need to know where the front end of your vehicle is when you are:your vehicle is when you are:
T – 2.37
Topic 5 Lesson 2
STOP LINE
Front LimitationFront Limitation
Where are your visual reference points to Where are your visual reference points to
determine determine FRONT LIMITATION FRONT LIMITATION ??
T – 2.38
Topic 5 Lesson 2
Front Limitation Reference PointsFront Limitation Reference Points
• To stop 3-6 inches from the line in front of your bumper, To stop 3-6 inches from the line in front of your bumper, stop when stop when your line of sight your line of sight runs under the side view runs under the side view mirror reference point to the line in front of your vehicle.mirror reference point to the line in front of your vehicle.
• Maintain a normal driving position when targeting your Maintain a normal driving position when targeting your reference point and do not lean forward or sideways.reference point and do not lean forward or sideways.
T – 2.39
Topic 5 Lesson 2
Reference Point
Line of sight
Reference point
Rear LimitationRear Limitation
• BACKING BACKING
• PARKINGPARKING
You need to know where the rear of your You need to know where the rear of your vehicle is when you arevehicle is when you are::
T – 2.40
Topic 5 Lesson 2
Rear LimitationRear Limitation
T – 2.41
Topic 5 Lesson 2
Where are your visual reference points for Where are your visual reference points for
REAR LIMITATION REAR LIMITATION ??
Rear LimitationRear Limitation
To align the rear bumper three to six inches To align the rear bumper three to six inches from a line or curb,from a line or curb, you need to stop when the you need to stop when the line or curb appears near the middle of the rear line or curb appears near the middle of the rear right window when looking over the right right window when looking over the right shoulder.shoulder.
T – 2.42
Topic 5 Lesson 2
Reference point
Reference point
Right Side LimitationRight Side Limitation
T – 2.43
Topic 5 Lesson 2
Establishing reference points for Establishing reference points for right side limitation will allow right side limitation will allow you to:you to:
• know where the curb or line is on the right side of the street
• park parallel 3-6 inches away from a line or curb
• establish lane position 3establish lane position 33-6 inches
Line of sight
Reference point
Reference point
Right Side LimitationRight Side Limitation
T – 2.44
Topic 5 Lesson 2
The The right side limitationright side limitation reference pointreference point to to position your vehicle 3-6 inches from the curb position your vehicle 3-6 inches from the curb or line is the middle of your vehicle’s hood.or line is the middle of your vehicle’s hood.
3-6 inches
Line of Sight Reference point
The reference point for 3 feet from the curb or line is the right 1/4 section of the hood.
3 feet
Reference point
Line of Sight
Left Side LimitationLeft Side Limitation
• determine position when parking on determine position when parking on the left side of a one-way street (3-6 the left side of a one-way street (3-6 inches from the curb or line)inches from the curb or line)
• determine lane position 2determine lane position 2
T – 2.45
Topic 5 Lesson 2
3-6 INCHES
Establishing reference points for Establishing reference points for left side limitation allows the left side limitation allows the driver to:driver to:
Left Side LimitationLeft Side Limitation
Your Your left side limitationleft side limitation reference pointreference point is about is about one foot from the left front corner of your car (it one foot from the left front corner of your car (it may be the seam between your left fender and the may be the seam between your left fender and the hood of your vehicle) to the curb.hood of your vehicle) to the curb.
T – 2.46
Topic 5 Lesson 2
3-6 INCHES
Reference Point
Line of Sight
Reference Point
Angle ParkingAngle Parking
5 Feet
To angle park, place your vehicle To angle park, place your vehicle 5 feet from the right side, target 5 feet from the right side, target the middle of the parking space, the middle of the parking space, and use the right front turning and use the right front turning point to initiate steering towards point to initiate steering towards the middle of space.the middle of space.
5 feet
T – 2.47
Topic 5 Lesson 2
Lane Position # 1Lane Position # 1
• VEHICLE IS CENTERED IN THE LANEVEHICLE IS CENTERED IN THE LANE
• CAR IS 3 FEET AWAY FROM THE LINES CAR IS 3 FEET AWAY FROM THE LINES ON YOUR RIGHT AND LEFT SIDESON YOUR RIGHT AND LEFT SIDES
T – 2.48
Topic 5 Lesson 3
3 FEET
3 FEET
Lane Lane Position Position
ONEONE( LP ( LP 1 1 ))
Lane Position # 1Lane Position # 1
Lane Lane Position Position
ONEONE
(LP(LP 1 1))
T – 2.49
Topic 5 Lesson 3
3 FEET
3 FEET
• Your left side Your left side reference pointreference point runs through the driver’s runs through the driver’s
side left fender to the line on the left side of the vehicle. side left fender to the line on the left side of the vehicle.
• Your right side Your right side reference pointreference point runs through the center of runs through the center of
passenger’s side right half of the hood to the line on the passenger’s side right half of the hood to the line on the
right side of the vehicle.right side of the vehicle.
Note: Lane position #1 is the lane position used most often.
Lane Position # 2Lane Position # 2
• VEHICLE IS 3-6 INCHES AWAY FROM VEHICLE IS 3-6 INCHES AWAY FROM LINE TO THE LEFTLINE TO THE LEFT
T – 2.50
Topic 5 Lesson 3
3-6 INCHES
Lane Lane Position Position
TWOTWO( LP ( LP 2 2 ))
Lane Position # 2Lane Position # 2
Your Your lane position #2lane position #2 reference pointreference point is about 1 is about 1 foot from left side (it may be the crease between foot from left side (it may be the crease between the left fender and hood of the vehicle) to the curb.the left fender and hood of the vehicle) to the curb.
T – 2.51
Topic 5 Lesson 3
Lane Lane Position Position
TWOTWO
(LP(LP 2 2))
3-6 INCHES
6 FEET
Lane Position # 3Lane Position # 3
CAR IS POSITIONED 3-6 INCHES CAR IS POSITIONED 3-6 INCHES AWAY FROM EDGE OR LINE TO AWAY FROM EDGE OR LINE TO
THE RIGHTTHE RIGHT
T – 2.52
Topic 5 Lesson 3
3-6 INCHES
Lane Lane Position Position THREETHREE( LP ( LP 3 3 ))
Lane Position # 3Lane Position # 3
Your Your lanelane position #3 reference pointposition #3 reference point is through the center of your hood to is through the center of your hood to the right edge of the roadway.the right edge of the roadway.
T – 2.53
Topic 5 Lesson 3
Lane Lane Position Position THREETHREE
(LP(LP 3 3))
3-6 INCHES
6 FEETReference point
Line of Sight
Lane PositionsLane Positions
LP 1
Position 2Position 2 is near the lane line to your left and is used is near the lane line to your left and is used when there is a restriction to your path of travel or your when there is a restriction to your path of travel or your line of sight and you cannot move to the adjacent lane.line of sight and you cannot move to the adjacent lane.
T – 2.54
Topic 5 Lesson 3
Moving from Lane Position Moving from Lane Position ONEONE to to TWOTWO
LP 2
OBSTACLEOBSTACLE
Lane PositionsLane Positions
Position 3Position 3 is near the lane line to your right and is is near the lane line to your right and is used when there is a restriction to your path of travel used when there is a restriction to your path of travel or line of sight and you cannot move out of the lane. or line of sight and you cannot move out of the lane.
T – 2.55
Topic 5 Lesson 3
Moving from Lane Position Moving from Lane Position ONEONE to to THREETHREE
LP 1LP 3
OBSTACLEOBSTACLE
Possible Lane PositionsPossible Lane Positions
The width of the lane allows drivers to make lane The width of the lane allows drivers to make lane position adjustments to minimize risk and create more position adjustments to minimize risk and create more space between their car and problem situations.space between their car and problem situations.
T – 2.56
Topic 5 Lesson 3
Lane Positions – Lane Positions – 1, 2, 3, 4, and 51, 2, 3, 4, and 5