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othi* e% ad has #ee aro'dsice the ear!y 67th Cet'ry, Sears
Roe#'c& Co($ay %as the first
co($ay to offer (od'!ar ho(es1
&o% as Sears Moder Ho(es,
The first (od'!ar ho'ses a$$eared
i 8967s1 the (ai idea %as to ha)e a (o#i!e ho(e %ith a!! techica! ista!!atios
ad f'rit're ad yet a#!e to (o)e, The so!'tio to that %as ho(e o %hee!s1 (ore
&o% o%adays as trai!ers, The #asic of a trai!er is the sa(e as $orta#!e (od'!e
ho'se: the differece is i sta#i!ity1 e!ectricity coectios ad si5e, A!tho'*h the
differece o%adays #et%ee (od'!ar ho'se ad trai!er ho'se is 0'ite i($ressi)e1
the (ai $rici$!e re(ais the sa(e ; the ho'se is #asica!!y ready for !i)i*,
D'ri* years of techo!o*ica! de)e!o$(et the trai!er ho'ses %et its o%
e)o!'tio ad %ere desi*ed (ore for costat tra)e!!i*, At that ti(e1 se$arate!y
of trai!er ho'ses1 de)e!o$ed a architect'ra! %ay of (od'!ar ho'ses1 %hich co'!d
#e #i**er i di(esios (ore sta#!e ad co'!d ('ch the criteria of ay r'!es for
architect'ra! desi*,
H'*e $o$'!arity the id'stry of (od'!ar ho'se #'i!di* *aied after <<61 %he
)eteras of %ar ca(e ho(e1 #'t if!'eced of !ac& of (oey ad 4o#1 they had to
search for 4o#s i differet !ocatios ad it %as i($ortat to ha)e their ho'ses
chea$ ad (o#i!e,
I 89=7s the de(ads for co(fort fro( c!iets side %as *ro%i* ad a!o* it *re%
the desi* ad f'ctioa!ity of (od'!ar ho'ses, At that ti(e (o#i!e (od'!ar ho'se
(a'fact'rers *ot a f'!! !icese ad a$$ro)a! fro( architect'ra! society fordesi*i* a safe (od'!ar ho'se that is #'i!t accordi* to a!! #'i!di* re*'!atios,
Sice the (od'!ar ho'si* has #ee '$*raded ad s$!it i differet %ays starti*
fro( desi* ad f'ctioa!ity ad coti'i* %ith differet (ateria! ad
A M+(&) +(* re$resets as$ecific ty$e of $refa#ricatio i
%hich the module #'i!di*
co($oets are asse(#!ed off3site,
Mod'!es are co($!ete #o23sha$ed
'its1 cotaii* %a!!s1 f!oor ad
roof %ith the iterior s$ace1 %hich
are #'i!t i factory1 shi$$ed to the
site1 ista!!ed1 ad coected ito aco($!ete #'i!di*, It is #'i!t idoors
i a factory3!i&e setti*, The
fiished $rod'cts are co)ered ad
tras$orted to their e% !ocatios
%here they %i!! #e asse(#!ed #y a
#'i!der, A (od'!ar ho(e is ot a
(o#i!e ho(e: it is si($!y a ho(e
that is #'i!t off3site as o$$osed to o3site, These ho(es are ofte ca!!ed
factory3#'i!t ho(es1 syste(3#'i!t or
$re3fa# ho(es,
Ad #eca'se (od'!ar ho(es are
#'i!t idoors they ca #e co($!eted
i a (atter of a fe% %ee&s as o$$osed to (oths, These ho(e costr'ctios do ot
see the ty$ica! o3site de!ays that are $redo(iat!y ca'sed #y the %eather,
Mod'!ar ho(es ('st cofor( to s$ecific r'!es1 *'ide!ies ad #'i!di* codes thatofte s'r$ass those of traditioa! o3site ho(es, Ho%e)er1 it is i($ortat to sho$
aro'd, Not a!! co($aies that (a&e factory3#'i!t ho(es are a!i&e, There ca #e
This ty$e of (od'!ar ho'si* re(ais the sa(e $rici$!e as oe #!oc&
$refa#ricated ho'ses, The differece is i !ayo't of #!oc&s, There ca #e (ore tha
oe #!oc& coected to*ether1 that %ay es'ri* (ore s$ace for o$e $!ai*,
Oe #!oc& ca #e oe roo(: the %et roo(s ca #e (ade se$arate!y i other #!oc&,
This syste( a!!o%s #'i!di* #!oc&s oe to aother that %ay (a&i* ('!ti3story
$refa#ricated ho'se, Maa*i* #!oc&s of this &id ca reach '!i(ited desi*
)ariaces1 it ca fit ay e)iro(et ad the ti(e $rocess of #'i!di* is shorteed
d'e to $refa#ricatio, The #!oc&s are de!i)ered %ith se)era! tr'c&s ad %ith craethey are coected to*ether, A!! techica! ista!!atios are set '$ #efore, The
sta#i!ity of those #!oc&s are es'red1 each ite( is (ade accordi* to !oad #eari*
re*'!atios, <he coected1 #!oc&s o#ey their o% static r'!es, If #!oc&s are
arra*ed %ith o)erha*s1 the e2tra reiforce(et is (ade, Us'a!!y the !ayo't of
There are three (ai criteria for ad)ata*es ; ti(e1 0'a!ity ad cost si(i!ar!y for
disad)ata*es ; desi*1 sta#i!ity ad (odificatio, These are the (ai
characteristics %he it co(es to choosi* ho'se costr'ctio, These characteristics
*i)e the #asic descri$tio o!y for $refa#ricated ho'ses,
A;&%'&$*<
T#*: for $refa#ricated ho'ses there is/t ay ti(e de!ay #eca'se of #ad %eather
or de!i)ery de!ay, A!so %or& i factory is (o#i!i5ed ad a!! %or& too!s are i
syste(atic order, <or& i factory has de)e!o$ed (a2i('( efficiet ti(e $!ai*1
it do/t ha)e to #e reset for each ho'se !i&e it %o'!d #e for !ocatio #ased
costr'ctio, The si($!e costr'ctio ad 0'a!ity cotro! es'res faster (o'ti*
i factory, The ti(e is a!so sa)ed %he asse(#!i* ho'se1 as the costr'ctio site
is &e$t 'to'ched,
?(&#': costr'ctio i factory es'res that e!e(ets are asse(#!ed %ith
$recisio ad acc'racy1 #eca'se there are o side factors that co'!d #other
costr'ctio $rocess, A!! (ateria!s are a!%ays &e$t fro( if!'ece of %eather,
'a!ity ca #e if!'eced a!so i ay '$redicted actios that ca ha$$e o
#'i!di* site %hi!e costr'ctio is o $ro*ress, The factory $ro)ides 0'a!ity cotro!
syste(s ad i case of da(a*e d'ri* e2$!oitatio the %arraty co)ers ay re$air
costs,
C+': first of a!!1 #'i!di* a $refa#ricated ho(e (eas there %i!! #e !ess %aste, Thecostr'ctio (ateria!s are ca!c'!ated $recise!y for each $refa#ricatio, Secod!y1
the factories ha)e direct cotracts to (ateria! (a'fact'rers that a!!o% *etti*
disco'ts for e!e(ets, <or&ers do ot eed ay tras$ortatio across costr'ctio
sites, There are fe%er costs for #'i!di* site arra*e(et, Ad the cost for
$refa#ricated ho'se is fi2ed there ca/t #e ay cha*es i $rice fro( (o(et of
$'rchase as it ha$$es i traditioa! ho'se #'i!di*
D#&;&%'&$*<
D*#$%@ the $refa#ricated ho'se has its !i(its of si5e d'e to tras$ortatio ad
str'ct'ra! costr'ctio $ossi#i!ities, Prefa#ricated ho'ses are a!%ays co($act i
$!ai*: there %i!! #e o free s$ace i (od'!e ho'se that is the #i**est
disad)ata*e, There ca #e fee!i* of co($ressio1 #'t it a!so de$eds o $erso
%ho !i)es there, For $refa#ricated ho'ses the (ai iss'e is to #'i!d it faster ad
chea$er that (eas that there %o/t #e choice of facy ad de!icate desi*,
S'&8##'@ a!tho'*h $refa#ricated ho'ses are e2tra reiforced1 there is a sta#i!ity!ac&, Traditioa! ho'se is #'i!t fro( fo'datios '$ to roof ad it is o %ho!e1 i
case of $refa#ricated costr'ctio1 the fo'datio ad the rest of ho'se are
se$arate, That &id of co(#iatio affects statica!!y1 sta#i!ity: there is a chace that
i !o*er ti(e the $refa#ricated $art starts to dis!ocate1 %hat co'!d !ead to co!!a$se,
A!so $refa#ricated ho'se is (ore o$eed to #ad %eather ; es$ecia!!y to stro*
%id1 that co'!d ca'se str'ct're da(a*e,
M+#,#&'#+%@ i traditioa! #'i!di* (ethod there is a!%ays a chace to cha*e
$!a ad sha$e of d%e!!i*1 #'t for $refa#ricated ho'se the (odificatio is a!(ost
i($ossi#!e1 's'a!!y a!! %a!!s are !oad #eari* ad a!! costr'ctio coectios are
hidde ad 'a)ai!a#!e for (odificatio, That is the iss'e %he $'rchasi*
$refa#ricated ho'se1 yo' ha)e to #e a%are that o!y fe% cha*es i $!ai* is
s$heres1 !i&e freedo( of s$ace1!i*htess i desi* ad it is a!so *oi*
o$$osite %ay1 !i&e (ii(a!is(1
ti*htess ad co($actess, I %ated to
i)esti*ate the secod e2tre(e1 to *o
(ore i f'ctioa!ity ad s$ace sa)i*,
Oe of those s$heres of ti*htess co'!d
refer to $refa#ricated (od'!e ho'ses,
<he it co(es to desi*i* ad $!ai* a ho'se1 there are a!%ays )ariaces of
sha$es ad e)e di(esios e2ce$t reo)atios ad !i(ited site $!a, +'t i case
of $refa#ricated #!oc& ho'ses1 yo' ha)e !i(its of si5e, A!! s$ace ecessary for dai!y
!i)i* ('st #e co($ressed #'t %he it co(es to a!! ad)ata*es that (a'fact'rers
offer ti(e ad (oey sa)i*1 0'a!ity etc, this idea of #!oc& ho'se is %orth
!oo&i* c!oser at, The costr'ctio so!'tios are si($!e ad effecti)e1 it is a!so
chea$ ad fast1 it so'ds a a!(ost $erfect ho'se, If %e a*ree o a!! techica!
so!'tios o $refa#ricated ho'ses1 tha it is 4'st a 0'estio of co(fort ad taste,
+'t o#)io's!y the desi* $!ays the #i**est ro!e here, Other%ise the traditioa! #'i!di* %o'!d #e co($!ete!y re$!aced %ith $refa#ricated costr'ctios, It is far
a%ay $ro)ed that (a&id ca/t stad sta*atio: there ('st #e a costat f!o% of
creati)ity1 %e *o f'rther1 hi*her ad faster ito e% techo!o*ies, +'t coceri*
(od'!ar ho'si* ; there is ot e% creatios ay(ore, The *ro%th of
$refa#ricatio #!oc&s has sto$$ed o its hi*hest $oit of f!e2i#i!ity, At !east for
o%1 there is o other %ay tha #y tr'c&1 to tras$ort a #!oc& ho'se, Of co'rse
there is a!%ays $ossi#i!ity to 4oi ('!ti$!e #!oc&s1 #'t that is other to$ic,
CHAPTER 6
INFLUENCE ON THE ENVIRONMENT-
SUSTAINABILITY
Prefa#ricatio(od'!ar does ot
ecessari!y (ea s'staia#!e
#'i!di*1 or does s'staia#!e
#'i!di* i($!y the 'se of $refa#,
Li&e %ith ay techo!o*y1 $refa#ricatio (ay #e haressed to
create s'staia#!e eds, So(e of the
*reatest $otetia!s of $refa# ad
s'staia#i!ity are %ith re*ard to the
ecoo(ic #eefits of $rod'cti)ity
*ais, Prefa#ricatio ca re(o)e
(ateria! ad !a#or %aste1 th's
(eeti* fiacia! *oa!s of o%ers1
architects1 ad #'i!ders, This is ot
o!y tr'e o a s$ecific $ro4ect icreasi* efficiecies i the (ethod of desi* ad
de!i)ery of costr'ctio1 #'t as East(a ad Sac&s re$ort1 $refa#ricatio is a
ecoo(ic sector *ro%i* faster tha osite costr'ctio sectors1 (a&i* it
ad)ata*eo's for $ro4ect tea(s to cosider offsite $rod'ctio as a !o*er3ter(
i)est(et,
The !o*3ter( fiacia! s'staia#i!ity of $refa#ricatio far s'r$asses that of
traditioa! osite (ethods, Ho%e)er1 its a#i!ity to (eet socia! ad e)iro(eta!*oa!s is diffic'!t to 0'atify, The *reatest of socia! #eefits is re*ardi* !a#or,
Prefa# a!!o%s for )aried s&i!! %or&ers1 ad a (ore cosistet dai!y sched'!e for a
hea!thier !ifesty!e, E)iro(eta! #eefits are (ore easi!y 0'atifia#!e as a
o#4ecti)e $ara(eter, E)iro(eta! i($act of #'i!di* re0'ires a 0'atifia#!e
(eas're(et of i($act i tota! !ifecyc!e fro( desi* thro'*h faci!ities
The $refa#ricated ho'se dyasty started a#o't 877 years a*o, I $ict're 81 there is
a *reat e2a($!e of first ideas a#o't $refa#ricatios, The desi* fa!!s 'der ay
criticis(, This ho'se is c!ear!y ot a $iece of art1 act'a!!y the architect're at that
ti(e %as trasferri* fro( c!assica! to $ost(oder1 ad the c'#e sha$es #eca(e
$o$'!ar, +'t i this case desi* is !eft i #ac&sta*e ad as (ai criteria !o% $rice is
stressed, This is act'a!!y the #e*ii* of a (ai idea of $refa#ricatios ; !o%er
costs1 ad sice the the criteria has $ersisted, I the descri$tio i $ict're 8>1there is c!ear!y stated that a!! f'rit're is ic!'ded ad the ho'se is ready for !i)i*,
That &id of a$$roach has (ade this $refa#ricatio e)e (ore $o$'!ar,
Pict're B descri#es $refa#ricatio o 'e)e terrai1 so(e (odificatios i
fo'datio is (ade, The ho'se is !ocated at the rid*e of a s!o$e1 (a&i* a effect
of a terrace iside, This ho'se $resets the idea of f!e2i#i!ity of $refa#ricatio ; itis $ossi#!e to !ad a ho'se %here e)er yo' %at, Coceri* the desi* it sti!!
re(ais i #o2 sha$e1 for the #est itera! roo( arra*e(et ad of co'rse easier
tras$ortatio, The (ateria!s see( to re(ai the sa(e fro( the #e*ii* of
$refa#ricatio ho(es, The %oode c!addi* fits the #est i e)iro(et ad
descri#es a s'staia#!e ho'se,
5- P)*,&8)#&'#+% #% 21
This $refa#ricated ho'se $ict're = $resets (oder architect're %ith the
s'ccessf'! choice of (ateria!s ad (odificatio of sha$e, There are c!ear!y )isi#!e
tries to *et o't of the #o2 sha$e, Architect 'ses terraces i area of ho'se %hich
I)esti*ati* ad researchi* this to$ic I fo'd o't a !ot of e% ifor(atio that Idid/t &o% a#o't $refa#ricatios1 I %as s'r$rised to fid o't ho% efficiet ca #e
%or& at factory %here a!! (ateria!s are f'!!y 'sed %itho't ay %aste1 ad a!so that
the $refa#ricated ho(e id'stry is act'a!!y $retty $o$'!ar1 a!tho'*h (ost!y it is
'sed i Uited States,
I a!so coc!'ded that i the $ast1 (od'!ar ho(es %ere $o$'!ar #eca'se they %ere
afforda#!e1 as !o* as yo' %ere satisfied %ith e2terior ad iterior fiish 0'a!ity
ad !i(ited desi* choices, Today1 (od'!ar ho(es are sti!! $o$'!ar ad (ost
i($ortat ; afforda#!e, O!y o% $refa#ricatios are rated as first c!ass (ateria!s
ad hi*h !e)e! of costr'ctio (o'ti* 0'a!ity, +esides that $refa#ricated ho'ses
has !ar*e a(o't of creati)e desi*, As I fo'd o't there has #ee !ar*e ste$
to%ards i($ro)e(et of a ti(e $!ai* f'ctio i factories ad res$osi#!e
0'a!ity cotro!, Gatheri* '$ a!! ad)ata*es the id'stry of $refa#ricated syste(s
has a h'*e $otetia! i $reset (ar&et of ho(e #'i!di*,
The $refa#ricated ho(e #'i!ders sho'!d !oo& '$ i f't're1 %he the cities %i!! #e
o)er $o$'!ated1 the the traditioa! #'i!di* (ethods %i!! ta&e a !ot of $!ace adti(e1 #'t %ith $refa#ricated #!oc&s there %i!! #e o eed for costr'ctio at site1
ad (od'!ar syste( a!so %i!! sa)e s$ace for efficiet area 'sa*e for other $'r$oses,