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MODUL
PRAKTIKUM JARINGAN KOMPUTER LABORATORIUM JARINGAN KOMPUTER
LABORATORIUM JARINGAN KOMPUTER JURUSAN TEKNIK ELEKTRO - INFORMATIKA FAKULTAS
TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS ISLAM MALANG 2009–2010
Sample Lab A
2. Host set-up (e.g. IP address and netmask) using iJconJig
a) iJconJig command usage for this part of the lab will be to configure network interface devices. This includes adding the IP address and the netmask for the host.
b) Boot each host machine and log on with your user-name. c) Open a new terminal on each host and log on as root.
$ su -
# password
d) Check network interface settings using iJconJig # ifconfig –a
e) Verify that eth0 exists on each host by checking the output from above
J) Set the ethernet interface at each host using iJconJig
This will assign an ip address and network mask to the host. The following is a sample.
For host 1: #ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
g) Verify communication among the machines by using the ping command.
On host 1 ping the other two hosts. #ping 192.168.1.2
------- output ----
#ping 192.168.1.3
------- output ----
On host A run traceroute to the other hosts
#traceroute 192.168.1.2
o u t p u t
#traceroute 192.168.1.3
o u t p u t
h) Changes using iJconJig at this point are not permanent and will be lost on reboot. To make
the configuration effective on reboot you need to edit the file /etc/sysconfig/networks-
scripts/ifcfg-eth0 to have the following settings.
# contents of ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE = eth0
BROADCAST = 192.168.1.255
IPADDR = 192.168.1.1
NETMASK = 255.255.255.0
NETWORK = 192.168.1.0
ONBOOT = yes
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BOOTPROTO = none
i) Check that the network script has been added to the default init levels. # chkconfig --list
j) If the network script is not on add it using chkconfig. This command adds the network
script to the current run level. # chkconfig --add network
3. Manipulate routing tables using route
a) The route command is used to look at the hosts routing table and can be used to add or
delete routes from the table. It has the following syntax: route add|del –net|-host target [gateway] [metric] [device]
route manipulates the kernel's IP routing table. Its primary use is to set up static routes to
specific hosts or networks via an interface after it has been configured with the ifconfig
command. The command route with no arguments displays the routing table.
b) After the steps from part 2 the route to the network 192.168.1.0 will be in the routing
table. Verify the network is in the routing table using the route command. # route
c) To illustrate the use and functionality of the command route, we will delete an entry and
add an entry to the table. Delete the network 192.168.1.0 using the route command. # route del –net 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0
d) Check the routing table and verify that the network has been removed from the routing
table. # route
e) Verify the deleted network is no longer reachable. # ping 192.168.1.3
f) Add individual hosts to the routing table to allow communication. # route add –host 192.168.1.2 dev eth0 #
route add –host 192.168.1.3 dev eth0
g) Verify these hosts are in the routing table. # route
h) Use the ping command to verify communication among the machines has been restored. # ping 192.168.1.2
# ping 192.168.1.3
i) Notice the machines were reachable when either the network or the individual host was in
the routing table. Note also that the exercise manipulating the routing table was
unnecessary since the ifconfig command places the network in the routing table for us.
C. QUESTION (PER TANYAAN)
1. Make a UTP cable to connect directly PC1 to PC2. You have to remember the formula 1-3
2-6 to make a crossover cable.
2. Read your references, mainly CCNA Study Guide or related books, and configure your
Cisco Router, at least the address of Ethernet 0.
3. Please login to your Linux gateway. Use command ip route to configure the gateway,
so your three clients can connect to Router (Cisco) via Gateway. Note that Cisco Router
and three client are in different network (/30 and /24)
4. At home, use your Boson Network Designer to design network diagram of Engineering
Faculty, University of Trunojoyo.
Note: You can use your Boson Network Designer dan Simulator to simulate above problem, but
there are not any Linux shell provided by Boson. Ask your Instructor or Network Engineer to get
network devices like switch, router, and PCs. These devices are available at LabSI, at least for the
first meeting of this lab.
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MODUL II
CONNECTING TWO LANS USING ROUTER(S)
IV. DESCRIPTION (MA TERI)
1. Objectives
Connect two LAN’s using a router.
Setup LAN connections
Configure Minicom (underLinux) or Hyperterminal (under Windows)
Assign IP addresses to the router interfaces for network configuration.
2. Background Reading
Go to the Cisco website, or use the Cisco Sybex publication, and read about user mode, user
exec mode, configure terminal, and configure interface. Also, look at how to reset a password.
What register is used for the default configuration of the router?
What register is used to bypass this default register?
V. BEGINNING ASSIGMENT (TUGAS PENDAHULUAN )
1. Describe the function of Route Add and give example ?
2. What is the function of no shutdown in router configuration ?
3. Describe the function of ip route and give the example?
VI. PRACTICUM ( PRAKTIKUM )
A. Required Equipment (Alat dan Bahan)
1. Two established LANs 2. One Router, or four Routers 3. Cables
But all in simulation version, in your Boson Software.
B. Procedure Like in Lab 1 (Langkah-langkah)
1. Setup LAN connections
a) Set up the physical (number 1) connections for the LAN’s.
b) Connect the two LANs to the router using the appropriate cable (see Lab 1 for
LAN setup).
c) Using the above diagram configure the routing tables of each host.
For hosts on network 192.168.1.0 #route add –net 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 \
gw 192.168.1.254 dev eth0
For hosts on network 192.168.2.0 #route add –net 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 \
gw 192.168.2.254 dev eth0
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d) On network 192.168.1.0 ping broadcast address 192.168.1.255 to make sure the
HUB/Switch is working. Repeat the procedure for network 192.168.2.0 # ping –c 2 –b 192.168.1.255
Sample Lab B
2. Configure Minicom in Linux, try to use Hyperterminal with your self.
Minicom is used to interface with the router.
a) Verify that minicom has the correct parameters # minicom –s
b) Set the default parameters to: 9600 baud rate
n o p a r i t y 8 data b i ts
one s top b i t no f low control
c) Type minicom to establish a connection to the router. # minicom
Note that you have make rollover cable to connect serial port of PC to Console port of
Cisco router.
3. Configure your Cisco router using Simulator. Cisco Router References give you best
way to connect to the Console, Login and configure your router. If you don’t have a
book, please read your Bosen Network Simulator Help, noooow!.
4. Physical setup #2, use your Network Designer first before Network Simulator. And set
up the physical connections as in the following diagram
5. Configure interfaces on routers.
a) Read about router serial connections to understand the additional configuration
parameters.
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LABORATORIUM JARINGAN KOMPUTER JURUSAN TEKNIK ELEKTRO - INFORMATIKA FAKULTAS
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b) Identify the interfaces as FastEthernet or Serial. If a serial interface, identify the
DCE end. The show serial Controller command should be helpful. Look this
command up.
What does DCE and DTE stand for? (Data Communication/Terminal
Equipment)
What end provides the clocking mechanism for the cable? (DCE)
c) To configure the router for the network, you need to add an IP address to each
interface of the router.
Router>en
Router#config t
Router(config)# interface fa0/0
Router(config)# ip address xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx subnet mask here
Router (config) #no shut
Sample Lab C
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d) What does the no shut command do? (keeps the line logically up even when
physically down)
config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
d) Use traceroute (in Windows is known as tracert) to verify the path taken. Redirect
the output to a file to turn in.
tracert 192.168.2.1
e) Setup a more interesting path through the network and use traceroute to turn in a
copy of your path.
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C. QUESTION (PER TANYAAN)
1. Back to FT Unijoyo Network Design, please configure all routers and PCs,
include IP address, static routing, telnet server and some passwords are needed
by those routers. Make sure that all routers are online, one connect to each
other. Use ping and tracert to ensure your configuration.
2. Instructor will give some additional assignments and homework
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MODUL III
DYNAMIC ROUTING USING RIP, IGRP AND EIGRP
VII. DESCRIPTION (MATERI)
1. Objectives
Objective: Configure RIP, IGRP, and EIGRP on the network
Delete static routes from routing table
Configure dynamic routing protocol, include RIP, IGRP and EIGRP
Change metrics on routers
2. Background Reading
Go to the Cisco website, or use the Cisco Sybex publication, and read about static routes, RIP,
IGRP, and EIGRP routing and changing router metrics. Also, read the man pages on traceroute.
VIII. BEGINNING ASSESMENT (TUGAS PENDAHULUAN )
1. Describe the Dynamic Routing ?
2. Describe RIP and give the example ?
3. Describe IGRP and give the example ?
4. Describe EIGRP and give the example ?
IX. PRACTICUM (PRAKTIKUM)
A. REQUIRED EQUIPMENT(ALAT & BAHAN)
1. Two established LANs
2. Multiple routers depend on router specification, chek your router list in Boson Network
Designer
3. Cables (not used in virtual lab)
B. PROCEDURE LIKE IN LAB 2(LANGKAH-LANGKAH)
Use the diagram of sample lab C in Lab 2 untuk do exercises in this lab session.
1. Delete Static Routes
a) Check the routing table to determine which routes are static.
b) Before activating a dynamic routing protocol remove static routes from the routing table.
Explain why this is or isn’t necessary.
c) Using the ip route command, individually remove all static routes at each router.
This procedure must be done in configuration mode.
router> enable
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router# config t
router(config)# no ip route [destination] [netmask] [next hop router]
d) Verify that static routes have been removed from the routing table and repeat procedures
for each router.
Router4#sh ip route
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0
C 198.162.6.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/1
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.4.253
router2#sh ip route
e) Have LAN 1 ping LAN 2. Explain the results.
2. Configure dynamic routing protocol (RIP)
a) What type of protocol is RIP? Why is it considered a “chatty” protocol?
b) What routing problems occur using RIP? How can the problems be solved?
c) Enter the routing protocol configuration mode
router> enable
router# config t
router(config)# router rip
router (config-router) #
d) Enter networks that router should advertise
router (config-router) #network xxx.xxx.xxx. 0
e) Verify which networks are being advertised by looking at the router configuration file.
router# show running-config
...
!
router rip
network 192.168.1.0
network 192.168.4.0
network 192.168.6.0
...
Router4#config t
Router4 (config) #router rip
Router4 (config-router) #redistribute connected
Router4#config t
Router4(config)#no
Router4 (config) #^Z
Router5#config t
Router5(config)#no
Router5 (config) #no
Router5 (config) #^Z
router2#config t
router2(config)#no
router2 (config) #^Z
ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0
ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
Router4#sh ip route
...
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Router4 (config-router)#network 192.168.4.0
Router4 (config-router)#network 192.168. 6.0
Router4 (config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
Router4 (config-router) #^Z
Router4#show run
f) View the routing table for each router and verify RIP is working.
Router4#sh ip route
g) Explain what is meant by advertising a network and why is it important?
h) The two LANs should be able to communicate. From LAN A use traceroute to see which
routers are forwarding the massages.
lanA# tracert 192.168.2.1
i) Why do the messages follow the route shown from the previous step?
3. Change metrics on routers
a) Review the offset-list command and identify each parameter.
b) How does changing the metric at a router change the route through the network?
c) (routers have different distances in which case there might be a shorter path)
d) Add offset metrics to the router closest to each LAN to force the protocol to find a
different route from the one determined in part 2-h. router1(config-router)# offset-list 0 out 16 s0/0
Router4#config t
Router4 (config) #router rip
Router4(config-router)#offset-list 0 out 5 s0/0
Router4 (config-router) #^Z
e) What exactly do the previous commands do?
(updates to the interface are offset by the given value so the corresponding
interface thinks the distance is further than it really is)
f) Verify the offsets by looking at the configuration file.
router# show running-config
...
!
router rip
offset-list 0 out 16 Serial0/0
offset-list 0 out 5 FastEthernet0/1
network 192.168.1.0
network 192.168.4.0
...
g) Run traceroute on network A and network B to view the route A takes to B and B takes to
A. Are the routes different? Why/Why not?
(The routes should be different since router 5 thinks it takes router 4 5 hops to get to Lan
A but router 1 can get there in 1 hop. The messages going out of router 4 are only
affected in that the responses will take the different route. )
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C. QUESTION (PER TANYAAN)
5. With FT Unij oyo Network Design, delete all static routing policy and apply RIP routing
protocol on your routers so all devices are possible to access other devices. Use ping,
tracert, sh ip route and related command to check your network configuration. Don’t forget
to disconnect a channel or line and see new routes are taken by data when one host send
packets to another one.
6. Try to implement IGRP and EIGRP routing protocol for network design of sample lab B,
sample Lab C dan FT Unijoyo network!
Note: You have to understand RIP, IGRP and EIGRP routing protocol and configuration
before exercise this lab, make sure you have read references before come in to the labSI.
7. Instructor’s assignments (please dech!)
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MODUL IV
DYNAMIC ROUTING USING OSPF
X. DESCRIPTION (MATERI)
1. Objective
Objective: Configure OSPF on the network
Understand the concepts of OSPF routing protocol
Configure dynamic routing protocol using OSPF
At last, u know that networking is not easy, not just cabling and ip address and all device will
operate on ur mind. Networking need skill and more skills, need to study hard.
2. Background Reading
Go to the Cisco website, or use the Cisco Sybex publication, and read about dynamic routing with
OSPF. You can read following tutorial to understand OSPF, we have downloaded that from Cisco
website.
OSPF configuration includes only a few required steps, but it has many optional steps. After an
OSPF design has been chosen—a task that may be complex in larger IP internetworks—the
configuration may be as simple as enabling OSPF on each router interface and placing that
interface in the correct OSPF area.
This section shows a simple configuration example of a single-area OSPF internetwork. For
reference, the following list outlines the configuration steps as well as a brief reference to the
required commands:
Step 1 Enter OSPF configuration mode for a particular OSPF process
using the router ospf process-id global command.
Step 2 Configure the OSPF router ID by:
(Optional) a. Configuring the router-id id-value router subcommand.
b. Configuring an IP address on a loopback interface.
Step 3 Configure one or more network ip-address wildcard-m ask area
area-id router subcommands, with any matched interfaces being
added to the listed area.
Step 4 (Optional)
Step 5 (Optional)
Change the interface Hello and Dead intervals using the ip ospf hello-interval time and ip ospf dead-interval time interface subcommands.
Impact routing choices by tuning interface costs as follows:
c. Configure costs directly using the ip ospf cost value interface subcommand.
d. Change interface bandwidths using the bandwidth value interface subcommand.
e. Change the numerator in the formula to calculate the cost based on the interface bandwidth, using the auto-cost reference- bandwidth value router subcommand.
Step 6 Configure OSPF authentication:
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(Optional) f. On a per-interface basis using the ip ospf authentication interface subcommand.
g. For all interfaces in an area using the area authentication
router subcommand.
Step 7 Configure support for multiple equal-cost routes using the
(Optional) maximum-paths number router subcommand.
OSPF Single-Area Configuration
OSPF configuration differs only slightly from RIP configuration when a single OSPF area is
used. The best way to describe the configuration, and the differences with the configuration
of the other routing protocols, is to use an example. Following Figure shows a sample
network, and code shows the configuration on Albuquerque.
interface ethernet 0/0
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
interface serial 0/0
ip address 10.1.4.1 255.255.255.0
interface serial 0/1
ip address 10.1.6.1 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
The configuration correctly enables OSPF on all three interfaces on Albuquerque. First, the
router ospf 1 global command puts the user in OSPF configuration mode. The router ospf
command has a parameter called the OSPF process-id. In some instances, you might want to
run multiple OSPF processes in a single router, so the router command uses the processid to
distinguish between the processes. The process-id does not have to match on each router, and
it can be any integer between 1 and 65,535.
The network command tells a router to enable OSPF on each matched interface, discover
neighbors on that interface, assign the interface to that area, and advertise the subnet
connected to each interface. In this case, the network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
command matches all three of Albuquerque's interfaces because the OSPF network
command matches interfaces using an address and a wildcard-style mask like those used with
IP ACLs. The wildcard mask shown in above example is 0.255.255.255, with address
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10.0.0.0. This combination matches all addresses that begin with 10 in the first octet. So, this
one network command matches all three of Albuquerque's interfaces, puts them in Area 0,
and causes Albuquerque to try to discover neighbors on those interfaces. It also causes
Albuquerque to advertise the three connected subnets.
The next example shows an alternative configuration for Albuquerque that also enables
OSPF on every interface. In this case, the IP address for each interface is matched with a
different network command. The wildcard mask of 0.0.0.0 means that all 32 bits must be
compared, and they must match—so the network commands include the specific IP address
of each interface, respectively. Many people prefer this style of configuration in production
networks, because it removes any ambiguity about the interfaces on which OSPF is running.
interface ethernet 0/0
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
interface serial 0/0
ip address 10.1.4.1 255.255.255.0
interface serial 0/1
ip address 10.1.6.1 255.255.255.0
! router ospf 1 network 10.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
network 10.1.4.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
network 10.1.6.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
XI. BEGINNING ASSESMENT (TUGAS PENDAHULUAN )
1. Describe Dynamic Routing Using OSPF !
2. Give the example of command in Dynamic Routing Using OSPF and explain !
XII. PRACTICUM (PRAKTIKUM)
A. REQUIRED EQUIPMENT (ALAT & BAHAN)
3. Two established LANs 4. Multiple routers depend on router specification, chek your router list in Boson Network
Designer
5. Cables (not used in virtual lab)
B. PROCEDURE LIKE IN LAB 3 (LANGKAH-LANGKAH)
C. QUESTION ( PERTANYAAN )
6. Delete previous routing protocol configuration, use sh ip ro to see your active routes
installed in router.
7. Use design of sample lab C and try to configure all router using OSPF routing protocol
8. With design of FT Unijoyo Network, add OSPF routing protocol at all Lab router to
connect one to each other. Don’t give OSPF to FT router. Use ping, and tracert to check
your configuration.
9. Instructor’s assignments.
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MODUL V AND VI
NAT and ACLs
XIII. DESCRIPTION (MATERI)
1. Objectives
Objective: Configure OSPF on the network
Understand the concepts of Network Address Translation (NAT) and Access-list (ACL)
Configure ACL and NAT at gateway or router so client’s IP address will be translated to
particular IP address, or clients with private IP address can connect to Internet using public IP
address on gateway.
2. Background Reading
Go to the Cisco website, or use the Cisco Sybex publication, and read about ACL and NAT. You
can read following tutorials as an instead, we have downloaded these from Cisco website.
Standard IP Access List
ACL configuration tends to be simpler than the task of interpreting the meaning and actions
taken by an ACL. To that end, this section presents a plan of attack for configuring ACLs.
Then it shows a couple of examples that review both the configuration and the concepts
implemented by those ACLs.
The generic syntax of the standard ACL configuration command is