Modified Ehanol as Aternate Fuel - Copy (2)

ETHANOL AS ATERNATE FUEL

ETHANOL AS AlTERNATE FUEL

1Introduction

Ethanol (ethyl or grain alcohol) is a renewable fuel used to power vehicles and other internal combustion engines, mainly as a biofuel additive for gasoline. Ethanol is currently made from feedstock crops such as corn, barley and sugarcane .

2Physical properties:Colorless liquid. Miscible with water and most organic solvents.Melting Point (C): -114.1Boiling Point (C): 78.3Specific Gravity: 0.789Vapor Density: 1.6density of 0.789 g/mL at 20C.When released into water it will volatilize and probably biodegrade.

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Ethanol production Ethanol can be made by a dry mill process or a wet mill process

4 Production process

MillingLiquefactionSaccharificationFermentationDistillationDehydration

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Chemistry

Glucose (a simple sugar) is created in the plant photosynthesis. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light C6H12O6 + 6 O2 During ethanol fermentation, glucose is decomposed into ethanol and carbon dioxide. C6H12O6 2 C2H5OH+ 2 CO2 + heatDuring combustion ethanol reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and heat: C2H5OH + 3 O2 2 CO2 + 3 H2O + heat

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C2H5OH + 3.5O2 + 3.5(3.76N2) 3H2O + 2CO2 + 13.16N2 AIR-FULE RATIO A/F Ratio by mass = 3.5(32+3.76*28) / (12*2+5+16+1) = 10.423 A/F Ratio by molar mass = (3.5+3.5*3.75)/1 =16.6257Combustion Reaction FLAMMABILITYburns in air with a clear blue flame Gasoline -40 F Ethanol 55 F higher flash point than gasoline, thus posing less riskAt low temperatures (< 32 degrees), E85 vapor is more flammable than gasoline vaporE85 vapor is less flammable than gasoline at higher temperature.8Ethanol-based engines

used to power automobiles Ethanol (E100) consumption in an engine is approximately 51% higher than for gasoline. the energy per unit volume is 34% lower than for gasoline.Ethanol has higher octane rating so higher compression ratios required. only ethanol engines are give slightly better power and torque output .9

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Demerits with ethanol fuel- Engine cold start during the winterEthanol fuel economyHydrous ethanol corrosion

Environmental BenefitsReduction of waste Extremely low emission of greenhouse gases compared to fossil fuels Ethanol is Carbon neutral and forms a part of the carbon cycleSocio-Economic BenefitsHelps developing economies by promoting agrarian communities Increase in jobs Increase in trade balance (Indian perspective) due to lesser dependence on foreign resources11Annual Fuel Ethanol Production by Country (2007-2011)

Ethanol fuel is widely used in Brazil and in the United States, and together both countries were responsible for 87.1% of the world's ethanol fuel production.12 THANK YOU !13