Modern transportation in india

BRANCH :civil-2By rajesh goswami

MODERN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN INDIA

MORDERN TRANSPORTION SYSTEMININDIA.

INDEX• INTRODUCTION• IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORTION• MODES OF TRANSPORTION• RAILWAY• ROADWAY• AIRWAY• WATERWAY• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

INTRODUCTION…Transport in the Republic of

India is an important part of

the nation's economy.Today in the country we have

a wide variety of modes of

transport by land, water and

air. Being a vast country India

needs efficient and cheap

transportation system

Better utilization of the backward areas linking with the advanced areas

For rapid industrialization & urbanization

For removing the scarcity of goods

Easy movement people and bringing them in contact with each other

Importance of transport

WalkingPalanquinBullock carts and horse carriagesBicyclesHand-pulled rickshawsCycle rickshaws

TRADITIONAL MEANS

Modern transportation…

These are the major means of transportation now a days:

Railways

Road ways

Air ways

Water ways

The trains were introduced by the British in 1853.

The Indian railways improved a lot from then on to become the one of the longest railway networks in the world.

There are 16 railway zones in India.

There are almost 8000 railway stations in the country.

Zonal Railways Headquarters

Central Railway Mumbai CST

Eastern Railway Kolkata

Northern Railway New Delhi

North Eastern Railway Gorakhpur

North-East Frontier Railway Maligaon (Guwahati)

Southern Railway Chennai

South Central Railway Secunderabad

South Eastern Railway Kolkata

Western Railway Church Gate, Mumbai

East Central Railway Hajipur

East Coast Railway Bhubaneswar

North Central Railway Allahabad

North Western Railway Jaipur

South East Central Railway Bilaspur

South Western Railway Hubli

West Central Railway Jabalpur

Railways

Indian Railways is one of the largest railways under single management.

It carries some 18 million passengers a day and is one of the world’s largest employer.

The railways play a leading role in carrying passengers and cargo across India's vast territory.

The total route length of the railway network is 64,061 km .

About 46% of the railway route is electrified.

The Indian railways uses 4 gauges: broad gauge, standard gauge, meter gauge, narrow gauge.

Railway

Advantages

• It has made eaiser to reach places of religious importance

• Railway provide employment to millions of people

• Speedy distribution of goods is achieved through railway

Disadvantages

it is suitable for long distance travel

Less employment opportunity as compared to roadwaysAt crossing overbridge are required

Road transport…

Roads are the dominant mode of transportation in India today.

They carry almost 90 percent of the country’s passenger traffic and 65 percent of its freight.

National highways• The main roads constructed & maintained by the central government• It connects ports, state capitals, industrial and tourist centres• It span about 67,000 km & handle 40% of total road traffic• National lanes have :

• 1.single lanes (width 3.25 m)• 2. multi lanes (each have width 3.5 m)• 3. 14% have 4 or more lanes & 59% have 2 lanes or double lanes• 4.rest 27% single laned

Type of Road Length

Expressways 200 km

National Highways 66,590 km

State Highways 131,899 km

Major District Roads 467,763 km

Rural and Other Roads 2,650,000 km

Total Length 3,300,000 km (Approx)

Statistics….

National Highway system of India consists of approximately 10,000 km of four-laned highways that collect toll from users but do not have control of access and cannot be called expressways. Currently, a massive project is underway to expand the highway network and the Government of India plans to add an additional 18,637 km of expressways to the network by the year 2022.

Expressway name Distance state

1 Ahmedabad Vadodara Expressway 95 km Gujarat

2 Mumbai-Pune Expressway 93 km Maharashtra

3 Jaipur-Kishangarh Expressway 90 km Rajastan

4 Allahabad Bypass 86 km Uttar Pradesh

5 Durgapur Expressway 65 km West Bengal

6 Chennai Bypass 32 km Tamil Nadu

7 Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway 28 km Delhi/Haryana

8 Noida-Greater Noida Expressway 24.53 km Delhi/Uttar Pradesh

9 Delhi Noida Direct Flyway 9.2 km Delhi/Uttar Pradesh

10 Hyderabad Elevated Expressways 11.6 km Andhra Pradesh

11 Hosur Road Elevated Expressway 9.985 km Karnataka

12 Kona Expressway 8 km West Bengal

13 Outer Ring Road (Hyderabad) 158 km Andhra Pradesh

14 Raipur-Bhilai-Durg Expressway 26 km Chhattisgarh

15 Yamuna Expressway 165 km Uttar Pradesh

16 Bangalore–Mysore Infrastructure Corridor

41 km Karnataka

Total 942.19 km (585.45 mi)

AHMEDABAD-VADODARA EXPRESSWAY

Mumbai Pune Expressway

A SECTION OF THE GOLDEN QUADRILATERAL BETWEEN BENGALURU AND CHENNAI

National Highway classification

Lanes Length (km) Percentage

Single Lane / Intermediate lane 18,350 27%

Double lane 39,079 59%

Four Lane/Six lane/Eight Lane 9,325 14%

Total 66,754 100%

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• .CAN BE CONSTRUCTED EVEN IN AREAS OF DIFFICULT TERRAIN OFFER DOOR TO DOOR SERVICES

HELP FARMERS TO MOVE THEIR PERISHABLE GOODS

CHANCE OF PILFERAGE ARE LESSER THAN IN RAILWAYS

ADVANTAGES

Many roads are un surfaced not suitable for regular vehicular traffic

No proper maintenance

Multiple check post , toll tax which bring down the speed of traffic

Many roads have inadequate capacity

Disadvantages

Traffic on the roads of India is too high

Air transport

Air transportation… Air transport in India started between Allahabad & Naini (township in Allahabad) in 1911

Airport authority of India was established on April 1, 1995

The Air India, has become the 16th largest airline in asia, presently operates a fleet of 159 aircraft serves= 50 domestic & 39 international routes

The other airlines such as Kingfisher Airlines, Air India and Jet Airways are the most popular brands in domestic air travel in order of their market share.

Airport Authority Of India

• It manages• Total 127 airports

• Domestic = 86

• International =11

• Civil enclaves=29

• A civil enclave is an area

allotted at an airport

belonging to the armed

forces, for the usage of

civil aircraft and civil

aviation related services

There are almost 220 airports

in India .these include all types

of airports.Out of which 27 are

international airports.

Others include domestic

airports, air force based

airports and etc…

The market share of different airlines in India…

Advantages:It is the fastest mode of transport. It is very useful in transporting goods and passengers to the area, which are not accessible by any other means.It is the most convenient mode of transport during natural calamities.It provides vital support to the national security and defence

..

• Disadvantages:

• ..It is relatively more expensive mode of transport. ..It is not suitable for transporting heavy and bulky goods... It is affected by adverse weather conditions...It is not suitable for short distance travel...In case of accidents, it results in heavy losses of goods, property and life.

Water transport…

Major ports of India

National waterways….Allahabad

Saidiya

Kollam

Bhadrachalam

Mangalgadi

MAJOR SOURCES OF WATERWAY• CANAL• RIVER• SEA

Advantages:It is a relatively economical mode of transport for

bulky and heavy goods. It is a safe mode of transport with respect to

occurrence of accidents.The cost of maintaining and constructing routes is

very low most of them are naturally made.It promotes international trade.

Disadvantages(Constraints….)

Ships have to wait long for

berthing.Dependent on weather conditions

Long travelling hoursLimited to areas where rivers and

oceans exist

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