Modern Review. Crystal Palace Joseph Paxton Great Exhibition of 1851 Industrial Revolution –Cast iron skeleton –Glass walls –Prefabrication.

Modern Review

• Crystal Palace

• Joseph Paxton

• Great Exhibition of 1851

• Industrial Revolution– Cast iron

skeleton – Glass walls– Prefabrication

Eiffel Tower

Gustave Eiffel

1889 Paris Exhibition

Michel-Eugene Chevreul

A Sunday on La Grande Jatte

• Seurat• Pointillism

or Divisionism

• Optical Mixing

• Middle Class people/life

• Gaugin

• Flat planes of color

• Colors can represent ideas/emotions (ex. Red as struggle…)

• Left his kids & wife and moved around (including to TAHITI)

Where do we come from? What are we? Where are we going?

• Van Gogh

• Color=

emotion

(ex. Yellow = friendship & hope)

• Swirling brushstrokes

• 10 year career

• Cezanne• Underlying

structure• Multiple

viewpoints• Still lifes• Mount

Saint Victoire

• Color patches

Symbolism• Don’t imitate nature – create

free INTERPRETATIONS of it

• Inner Vision

• Fantasy world

• Technique individual to each artist

Redon

The Cyclops

• Rousseau

The Sleeping Gypsy

• “naïve painter”–Lacked

training

Gustave

MoreauJupiter and

Semele

• Munch

• Norway• Forerunner

of the Expressionists

• Carpeaux

(1827-1875)

• Count Ugolino and His Children

• More polished (like Neo-Classical)

• Vivid reality

• Rodin(1840-1917)• Walking Man• “unfinished” style (like impressionists!)

- roughly textured surface

• Inner feeling expressed through the body

• The Thinker, The Kiss, The Burghers of Calais, Balzac

• Louis Sullivan• “Father of the

Prairie School Movement”

• Form follows function

• Birth of Modern Architecture

H.H. Richardson

(Sullivan’s

Predecessor)

Trinity Church, Boston

• Richard Morris Hunt

• Served the aristocracy

• Renaissance & Baroque influences

• The Breakers – for Cornelius Vanderbilt II (railroad king)– Looks like a 16th

century palazzo

• Frank Lloyd Wright

• Falling Water

• Bear Run, PA • 1934-37• Blend in with

the natural site• Contrast in

textures• CANTILEVER

construction

Art Nouveau•1890-1914

•Natural Forms

•Organic Forms

The Peacock Skirt

Aubrey Beardsley

Victor Horta

Staircase in the Van Eetvelde House

Tassel House

Brussels

Antonio Gaudi – Casa Mila - 1905

Gustave Klimt

The Kiss

• Matisse

• Fauvism• Non-

representational color

• Based on artist’s feeling

Andre Derain

The Dance

• Picasso

• Blue Period (1901-1904)

• Picasso

• Rose Period

(1905-1906)

Gertrude Stein

Influence of Iberian Sculpture

Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1906)

Landmark painting that would lead to Cubism

Picasso’s Guernica (1937)• Event from Spanish Civil War in which Fascists

bombed innocent civilians• Outraged Picasso painted it for Spanish section

of Paris International Exposition of 1937

• Georges Braque

• The Portuguese

• 1911

• Analytic Cubism

• Synthetic Cubism

* Picasso* Still-Life with Chair-

Caning* 1912

Cubist Sculpture

Picasso – Guitar 1912

Archipenko – Woman Combing

her Hair 1915

Julio GonzalezWoman

Combing her Hair

1930-33

Futurism•1909-1916

•Motion & speed

•Lines of force

Giacomo Balla – Dynamics of a Dog on a Leash

Dynamism of a Soccer Player - Boccioni

• Russian Constructivism

• 1913-32

• Soviet Art

• Tatlin• Monument

to the Third International

• Precisionism• 1915-1930• Simplified

Forms• Border

between representation & abstraction

• Charles Sheeler

• River Rouge Plant

Charles Demuth

My Egypt

Georgia O’Keeffe

YOU’RE INVITED!

WHAT: The Armory Show

WHO: Impressionists, Post-Impressionists, Fauves, Cubists

WHEN: Feb. 1913

WHERE: National Guard Armory, Lexington Street, New York City

Duchamp

Nude Descending a Staircase

• Expressionism

• The Bridge – Die Brucke (1905-1913)

• Large & simple forms

• Clear (often jarring) colors

• Brutal angularity

• Ernst Ludwig KIRCHNER

• Street, Dresden

Emil Nolde

Saint Mary

of Egypt

• The Blue Rider – Der Blaue Reiter

• 1911-1914• Colors are

less jarring than The Bridge

• Spirituality• Reaction

against society

• Franz Marc• Fate of the

Animals

Improvisation No. 28

• Dadaism• Protested the

madness of WWI

• “Everything that comes into being is art.”

• Jean Arp• Collage

Arranged According to the Laws of Chance

• 1916-17

DUCHAMP – Ready - made

The Bride Stripped

Bare by her Bachelors

• Postwar German Expressionism

• Max Beckmann (1884-1950)

• Disillusioned by war - Wanted his paintings to “reproach God for his errors”

• Night

Surrealism• Blurs real world with fantasy

• Biomorphic = largley abstract (Miro)

• Naturalistic = recognizable scenes that metamorph. Into a dream or nightmare image (Dali, Magritte)

Giorgio De Chirico

(1888 – 1978)

Melancholy and

Mystery of a Street

Max ErnstTwo

Children Are

Threatened by a

Nightengale

Renee Magritte The Treachery of Images

1928-29

Frida Kahlo

Two Fridas1939

• Joan Miro

• Painting 1933

• Biomorphic Surrealism

Maret Oppenheim - Luncheon in Fur

I and the Village

• Mondrian

• Composition in Red, Blue, and Yellow

• De Stijl– created works that

did not show recognizable images or infer depth

– Achieve “honesty” in artwork

• International Style– Transcended

national boundaries

– Absence of exterior decoration

• Rietveld – the Schroeder House

• 1923-24

• De Stijl

• Walter Gropius – Beginning of International Style• The Shop Block• Bauhaus Dessau - • Bauhaus School of Design

– Founded 1919– Architecture should avoid all romantic embellishments

• Mies van der Rohe

• Model for a glass skyscraper

• 1922

• “Less is more.”

Villa Savoy

Designed by Le Corbusier

InternationalStyle

“The house is a machine for living.” – Le Corbusier

Notre Dame du Haut (1950-1955)

Le Corbusier

This is a church.

Abandoned International Style

Replaced a French pilgrimage church destroyed in WWII

More organic – resembles folded hands or a dove

• Brancusi

(1876-1957)

• Romanian Artist

• “essence of things”

• Bird in Space (1928)

• Organic Sculpture

• Henry Moore

• Reclining Figure 1939

• Use of negative space – holes going through solids – also known as “voids”

Barbara Hepworth

Hole or void as the abstract element

Organic vitality

Oval Sculpture No. 2 1943

Abstract Expressionism• Late 1940s, Early 1950s

• New York City now center of avant-garde art

• “Action Painting”

• No reference to visual reality

• Image result of the creative process

• Gestural Abstraction (Pollock)

• Chromatic Abstraction (Rothko)

• Arshile Gorky

• Water of the Flowery Mill

• Armenian

• Biomorphic shapes (Miro)

• Glowing colors (Kandinsky)

• Impassioned act of painting

• Jackson Pollock

• Lavender Mist, 1950 (Number 1, 1950)

• Gestural Abstraction

• No foreground, no background, no depth

• Williem de Kooning

• Woman I

• Gestural Abstraction

• Furious energy

• Chromatic Abstraction

• Color Field

• Interest in the relation between one color and another

• Mark Rothko

• No. 14, 1960

• Barnett Newman

• Vir Heroicus Sublimus (1950-51)

• Evocative power of color

• Helen Frankenthaler

• Bay Side 1967

• Color Stain

Morris Louis Saraband

• Hard Edge– Do NOT

convey feeling of passion

– Precise and cool

• Josef Albers

• Homage to the Square “Ascending”

• Frank Stella

• Mas o Menos (1964)

• pinstripes

Ellsworth Kelly - Red Blue Green

Pop Art• Early 1960s

• United States (leaders)

• Images drawn from popular culture

• Average person can understand it

• Richard Hamilton

• “Father of British Pop Art”

• Just What is it That Makes Today’s Homes so Different, so Appealing?

• Collage

• 1956

• Jasper Johns

• Flag

• Familiar Objects

• encaustic

• Roy Lichtenstein

• Hopeless

• Comic strips

• Benday Dots

Andy Warhol – Marilyn Diptych

• Robert Rauschenberg

• Canyon (1959)

• combines

Alexander Calder - Mobiles

David Smith – the Cubis

Becca Cubi XVIII 1964

Minimalism• United States - 1960s & 70s• Get rid of things people

USED to think were ESSENTIAL to art

• Extreme simplicity, typically large, geometric shapes

Donald Judd

untitled 1969

Tony Smith Die 1962

Maya Lin

Vietnam Veterans Memorial - Minimalism

Claes OldenburgPop Sculpture

• Superrealism

• Duane Hanson

• Supermarket Shopper 1970

Duane Hanson, Tourists II

• Super realist sculpture

• Commentary on American life

Chuck Close

Big Self-portrait 1967-68 Self-portrait 1997

Audrey Flack

Marilyn (vanitas)

1977

Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty• Earth Art or Environmental Art (1960s-1970s)

• Site-specific – its design reflects the surroundings, it has its meaning in its location

• Art does not have to be in a museum

Nancy Holt’s Sun Tunnels (large concrete pipes with holes)

• 1970s environmentalism

• Site-specific

• Has a dialogue with the surrounding

• Like a modern Stonehenge

Richard Serra’s Tilted Arc

Christo and Jeanne-Claude

• Site-specific art

• Wrapping projects

• Last project – The Gates in Central Park (2004)

Postmodern Architecture

•Varied

•Interesting

•Complex

•EclecticThe AT&T Building Philip Johnson (1984)

Michael Graves – The Portland Public Services Building(1980-82)

The Pompidou CenterPiano & Rodgers

Frank Gehry, Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain