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SheetLayouts
Sheet Sizes
American NationalStandard
A- 8.50" x 11.00'B-11.00'x 77.00"C-L7.00" x 22.00"D-22.00" x 34.00"E-34.00'x 44.00"
International StandardA4 - 270 mm x 297 mmA3 - 297 mm x 420 mmA2 - 420 mm x 594 mmAI - 594 mm x 841 mmA0 - 841 mm x 1189 mm
(25.4 mm : 1.00")
A convenient code to identify American National standard sheet sizesand forms suÉÉested by the authors for title, parts or mateial list, andrevision blocks, for use of instructors in makin$ assignments, is shownhere. All dimensions are in inches.
Three sizes,of sheets are illustrated: Size A, Fig. I, Size B, Fig. V,and Size C, Fig. VI. Metric size sheets are not shown.
Ðight forms of lettering arrangements are sug¡lested, known as Formsl, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, as shown below and opposite, The total len$tihof Forms L,2,3, and 4 may be adjusted to fit Sizes A,4, 43, and A2.-
s a sheet of certain size plus a certainarr s Layout A-1 is a combination of Size A,Fig yout C-678 is a combinarion of Size C,
6,7, and 8, Figs. IX, X, and XL Layout A4-2bination of Size A4 and Form 2, Fig. III, adjusted toders, Other combinations may be employed astructor.
Fig. Il Form 1 Title Btock
Fig. III Form 2. Title Block
Fig. IV Form 3. Title BlockFig. I Size A Sheet (8.50" x 11.00")
Use /elfenno formasslgnd by"inslrucfor
I
IL
Size B Sheet (11.00"l-iA. v x 17.00")
Appendix
1. Bibliography of American National Standards a22. Technical Tþrms a43. CAD/CAM Glossary a84. Abb¡eviations for Use on Drawings and in Text-
American National Standard 195. Running and Sliding Fits-American National
Standard a236. Clearance Locational Fits-American National
Standard a257. Tiansition Locational Fits-American National
Standard a278. Interference Locational Fits-American National
Standard a289. Force and Shrink Fits-American National
Standard a2910. InternationalToleranceGrades a3111. Preferred Metric Hole Basis Clearance Fits-
A¡nerican National Standard a3212. Preferred Metric Hole Basis Tiansition and
Interference Fits-American National Standarda34
13. Preferred Metric Shaft Basis Clearance Fits-American National Standard a36
14. Preferred Metric Shaft Basis Tiansition andInterference Fits-American National Standarda48
15. Screw Threads, American National, Unified, andMetric a40
16. Twist Drill Sizes-American National Standard andMetric a43
17. Acme Threads, General Purpose a4418. Bolts, Nuts, and Cap Screws-square and
Hexagon-American National Standard and Metrica45
19. Cap Screws, Stotted and Socket Head-AmericanNational Standard and Metric a58
Z). Machine Screws-American National Standard andMetric a50
21. Keys-Square, Flat, Plain Täper, and Gib Heada52
22. Screw Threads-square and Acme a5223. Woodruff Keys-American National Standard
a53Z. Woodruff Key Sizes for Different Shaft Diameters
a5325. Pratt and Whitney Round-End Keys a542.6. 'Washers, Plain-American National Standard a5527. Washers, Lock-American National Standard a5628. Wire Gage Standards a5729. Taper Pins-American National Standard a5830. Cotter Pins-American National Standard a5931. Metric Equivalents a6032. Welding Symbols and Processes-American
Welding Society Standard a6733. Topographic Symbols a6434. Piping Symbols-AmericanNational Standard
a6535. Heating, Ventilating, and Ductwork Symbols-
American National Standard a6636. American National Standard Graphic Symbols for
Electronic Diagram a6737. Form and Proportion of Geometric Tolerancing
Symbols a6838. Wrought Steel Pipe and Tâper pipe Threads-
American National Standard a6939. Cast-Iron Pipe Thicknesses and Weights-American
National Standard a7040. Cast-Iron Pipe Screwed Fittings, 125 lb-American
National Standard a7LCast-Iron Pipe Screwed Fittings, 250 lb-AmericanNational Standard a72Cast-Iron Pipe Flanges and Fittings, l25Ib-American National Standard a73Cast-fron Pipe Flangeq Drilling for Bolts andTheirLengths, 125 lb-American National Standard a74Shaft-Center Sizes a74Cast-Iron Pipe Flanges and Fittings, 2501b-American National Standard a75Cast-Iron Flanges, Drilling for Bolts and TheirLengths,250 lb-American National Standard a76
41.
42.
43.
4.45.
6.
al
a2 Appendix
Bibliogrophy of Americon Nolionol Sfondords
American National Standards Institute, L1 West 42nd St',
New York, NY. 10036' For complete listing of standards,
see ANSI catalog of American National Standards'
Abbreviatíons
Abbreviations for Use on Drawings and in Text,
ANSI/ASME Y1.1-1989
Bolts, Screws, attd Nuts
Bolts, Metric Heavy Hex,ANSI 818.2'3.6M-1979 (R1995)
Bolts, Metric Heavy Hex Structural, ANSI 818'2'3'7M-1979
(R1ees)Bolts, Metric Hex, ANSI 818.2'3.5M-1979 (R1995)
Bolts,Metric Round Head Short Square Neck,ANSI/ASMEF18.2.2.7M-1981 (R1 995)
Bolts, Metric Round Head Square Neck, ANSI/ASME8r8.s .2.2M-r982 (R1 993)
Hex Jam Nuts, Metric,ANSI 818'2'4.5M'7979 (R1990)
Hex Nuts, Heavy, Metric,ANSI 818'2.4.6M-I979 (R1990)
Hex Nuts, Slotted, Metric, ANSI/ASME B1'8.2.4.3M-19'79
(R1ees)Hex Nuts, Style 1, Metric, ANSI/ASME 818.2'4'lM-I979
(R1ees)Hex Nuts, Style 2, Metric, ANSI/ASME 8I8.2.4.2M'L979
CaP Screws6 (R1ee3)rBtï.12-1'962
(R1ees)Miniature Screws,ANSI 818.11-1961 (R1992)
Nuts, Metric Hex Flange, ANSI 818'2.4'4M-1982 (R1993)
Plow Bolts, ANSI/ASME 818.9-1958 (R1995)
Round Head Bolts, Metric Round Head Short Square Neck,
ANSr/ASME 818.5.2.1M-1981 (R1995)
Screws, Hexagon Socket Button Head Cap, Metric Series,
ANSI/ASME 818.3.4M-1986 (R1993)
Screws, Hexagon Socket Head Shoulder, Metric Series,
ANSI/ASME 818.3.3M-1986 (R1993)
Screws, Hexagon Socket Set, Metric Series, ANSI/ASMEB18.3.6M-1986 (R1e93)
Screws, Metric Formed Hex,ANSI/ASME B18'2.3 '2M-\979(R1ees)
Screws, Metric Heavy Hex, ANSI/ASME 818.2'3'3M-1979
(R1ees)Screws, Metric Hex Cap, ANSI/ASME 818.2'3'IM-19'79
(R1ees)Screws, Metric Hex Flange, ANSI/ASME 818.2.3.4M-1984
(R1ees)Sciews, Metric Hex Lag, ANSI 818.2.3.8M-1981 (R1991)
Screws, Metric Machine, ANSI/ASME 818'6'7M-1985(R1ee3)
Screws, Socket Head Cap, Metric Series, ANSI/ASME818.3.1M-1986 (R1993)
Screws, Tapping and Metallic Drive, Inch Series, Thread
Forming and Cutting. ANSI 818.6.4-1981 (R1991)
Slotted and Recessed Head Machine Screws and Machine
Screw Nuts, ANSI B 18.6.3-1 91 2 (RL991)
Slotted Head Cap Screws, Square Head Set Screws, and
Slotted Headless Set Screws, ANSI/ASME B18.6.2-1995
Socket Cap, Shoulder, and Set Screws (Inch Series)
ANSI/ASME B18.3-1986 (R1995)
Square and Hex Bolts and Screws, Inch Series, ANSI818.2.1-1e81 (R1e92)
Square and Hex Nuts (Inch Series) ANSI/ASME 8t8.2.2-
1987 (R1e93)Tiack Bolts and Nuts,ANSI/ASME 818.10-1982 (R1992)
Wood Screws, Inch Series,ANSI 818.6'1-1981 (R1991)
Dimensioning and Surface Fínislt
General Tolerances for Metric Dimensioned Products, ANSI
B,4.3-t978 (Rle94)Preferred Limits and Fits for Cylindrical Parts, ANSI 84.1-
1967 (R1994)Preferred Metric Limits and Fits,ANSI 84.2-1978 (R1994)
Surface Tþxture, ANSI/ASME 846.1,-1995
Drafting Manual (Y14)
Casting and Forgings, ANSI/ASME Y14'BM-1989
Decimal Inch, Drawing Sheet Size and Format,
ANSI/ASME Y'J.4.I-1995
Dimensioning and Tolerancing, ANSI/ASME Y14'5M-1994
Electrical and Electronics Diagrams, ANSI YI4"l'5-1966(R1e88)
Electrical and Electronics Diagrams-Supplement, ANSIYI4.15a-1977 (R1988)
Efectrical and Electronics Diagrams-supplement, ANSI
E TYPes, and APPlications,-1989. Revision of Engineering
Drawings, ANSI/ASME Y1 4.3 5M-1992
Gear and Spline Drawing Standards-Part 2,Bevel and
Hy R1994)
Gear SPur, Helical, Double
He 4.7.t-1971' (R1993)
Line NSI/ASME YL4'2M-
7992Mechanical Spring Representation, ANSI/ASME Y14'13M-
1e81 (R1e92)Metric Drawing Sheet Size and Format, ANSI/ASME
Y14.1M-1995Multiview and Sectional View Drawings, ANSI/ASME
Y74.3M-1994Parts Lists, Data Lists, and Index Lists, ANSI/ASME
Y14.3410|4-1990
Pictorial Drawing, ANSI/ASME Y14.4M-1989 (R1994)
Screw Thread Representation, ANSI/ASME Y14'6-L9'78
(R1ee3)Sciew Thread Representation, Metric, ANSI/ASME
Y14.6aM-1981 (R1993)
Surface Texture Symbols, ANSI/ASME YL4.36M-I996
.ne
nd5
3s)
tSI
)_
Geørs
Basic Gear Geometry, ANSI/AGMA 115.01-1989Gear Nomenclature-Terms, Definitions, Symbols, and
Abb¡eviations, ANSI/AGM A I01Z-F90Nomenclature of Gear-Tooth Failure Modes, ANSI/AGMA
110.04-1e80 (R198e)Design Manual for Bevel Gearing,ANSI/AGMA 2005-BggTooth Proportions for Fine-Pitch Spur and Helical Gears,
ANSI/AGMA 1OO3-G93
Graphic Symbols
Public Fire Safety Symbols, ANSI/Ì IFpA t7 0-1994Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronics Diagrams,
ANSI/rEEE 31.5-197 5 (R1994)Graphic Symbols for Electrical Wiring and Layout
Diagrams Used in Architecture and BuildingConstruction, ANSI Y32.9-1972 (Rl989)
Graphic Symbols for Fluid Power Diagrams, ANSI/ASMEY32.t0-re67 (R1994)
Graphic Symbols for Grid and Mapping Used in CableTelevision Systems, ANSI/IEEE 623-197 6 (R1989)
Graphic Symbols for Heat-Power Apparatus, ANSIY32.2.6M-t9s0 (R1993)
Graphic Symbols for Heating, Ventilating, and AirConditioning, ANSI Y32.2. 4-1949 (R1993)
Graphic Symbols for Logic Functions,ANSI/IEEE 91-I9g4Graphic Symbols for Pipe Fittings, Valves, and piping,
ANSr/ASME Y32.2.3 -r9 49 (R1994)Graphic Symbols for Plumbing Fixtures for Diagrams Used
in Architecture and Building Construction, ANSI/ASMEY32.4-1977 (R1e94)
Graphic Symbols for Process Flow Diagrams in thePetroleum and Chemical Industries, ANSI y32.11-1961(R1ee3)
Graphic Symbols for Railroad Maps and profiles,ANSr/ASME Y 32.7 -r97 2 (R1 994)
Instrumentation Symbols and Identification, ANSI/ISAss.1-1984 (Rl9e2)
Reference Designations for Electrical and Electronics partsand Equipment, ANSI/IEEE 200-1975 (R1989)
Symbols for Mechanical and Acoustical Elements as Used inSchematic Diagrams, ANSI Y32.18-1972 (R1993)
Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and NondestructiveExamination, ANSI/AWS 42.4-93
Keys and Pins
Clevis Pins and Cotter Pins,ANSI/ASME 818.8.1-1994Hexagon Keys and Bits (Metric Series), ANSI 818.3.2M-
1e79 (Rree4)Keys and Keyseats, ANSI 817.1-1967 (R1989)Pins-Taper Pins, Dowel Pins, Straight pins, Grooved pins,
and Spring Pins (Inch Series),ANSI/ASME BIB.B.Z-lgg4woodruff Keys and Keyseats, ANSI BI7 .2-7967 (R1990)
Píping
Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings, Class 125 and 250,ANSr/ASME 816.1s-198s (R1994)
Appendix a3
Cast Copper Alloy Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings,ANSIiASME 8T6.24-T991
Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, CIass25,I25,250, and 800,ANSI/ASME B16.1-1989
Gray Iron Threaded Fittings, ANSI/ASME 816.4-1992Ductile Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast, ANSI/A\ryWA
c15UA27.51-9tFactory-Made Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings,
ANSI/ASME 816.9-1993Ferrous Pipe Plugs, Bushings, and Locknuts with pipe
Threads, ANSI/ASME B16.14-1991Flanged Ductile-Iron Pipe with Threaded Flanges,
ANSI/AWWA CIL' I A2T.T5 -9 4Malleable-I¡on Threaded Fittings, ANSI/ASME 816.3-1992Pipe Flanges and Flanged Firtings,ANSI/ASME 816.5-19g8Stainless Steel Pipe, ANSI/ASME 836. 19M-1985 (R1994)Welded and Seamless Vy'rought Steel pipe, ANSI/ASME
836.10M-1995
Rivets
meter and Larger),
ameter and Smaller),
Small Solid Rivers, Metric, ANSI/ASME 81g.1.3M_19g3(R1ees)
Small Tools and MachÍne Tool Elements
Jig Bushings,ANSI 894.33 -1974 (R1994)Machine Thpers, ANSI/ASME 85.10-1994Milling Cutters and End Milts,ANSI/ASME 894.19-1985Reamers, ANSI/ASME B9 4.2-199 5T-Slots-Their Bolts, Nuts and Tongues, ANSI/ASME
Bs:1M-1985 (R1992)Twist Drills, ANSI/ASME B9 4.1tM-7993
Threads
Acme Screw Threads, ANSI/ASME B 1.5-1988 (R1994)Buttress Inch Screw Threads, ANSI BI.9-1973 (R1992)Class 5 Interference-Fit Thread, ANSI/ASME BI.IZ-lgg7
(R1ee2)Dryseal Pipe Threads (Inch), ANSI BLZ0.3 -197 6 (R1 991)Hose Coupling Screw Threads, ANSI/ASME 81,.20.7 -1991Metric Screw Th¡eads-M P¡ofile, ANSUASME 81.13M-1995Metric Screw Th¡eads-MJ Profile, ANSUASME B7.2ltr'4-1n gNomenclature, Definitions and Letter Symbols for Screw
Threads, ANSI/ASME 81.7M-i984 (Ri992)Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch), ANSI/ASME
8L.20.1-t983 (R1e92)Stub Acme Threads, ANSI/ASME B 1.8-1988 (R1994)Unified Sc¡ew Threads (UN and UNR Thread Form),
ANSI/ASME 81.1-1989Unified Miniature Screw Threads,ANSI 81.10-1958 (R19SS)
Washers
Lock Washers, Inch, ANSI/ASME 818.21. 1-1994Lock Washers, Metric, ANSI/ASME BI8.2LZM-1994
ISI
at,
)4t66
ISI
ISI
ûS,
ng
nd
ble
M-
IE
IE
t78
IE
a¿l Appendix
Plain Washers, ANSI 878.22.1-1965 (R1981)Plain Washers, Metric, ANSI 818.22M-1981
Miscellaneous
Knurling, ANSI/ASME 894.6-L984 (R1995)Preferred Metric Sizes for Flat Metal Products,ANSI/ASME
832.3M-1984 (R1994)Preferred Metric Equivalents of Inch Sizes for Tubular
Metal Products Other Than Pipe, ANSI/ASME 832.6M-1984 (Rlee4)
2 Technicol Terms
acme (n) Screw thread form.øddendum (n) Radial distance from pitch circle to top of
gear tooth.allen screw (n) Special set screw or cap screw with hexagon
socket in head.
øllowance (n) Minimum clearance between mating parts.
allo1, (n) Two or more metals in combination, usually a finemetal with a baser metal.
alumínum (n) A lightweight but relatively strong metal. Of-ten alloyed with copper to increase hardness and strength.
angle iron (n) A structural shape whose section is a right angle.
anneal (v) To heat and cool gradually, to reduce brittlenessand increase ductility.
arc-weld (v) To weld by electric arc. The work is usually thepositive terminal.
babbítt (n ) A soft alloy for bearings, mostly of tin with smallamounts of copper and antimony.
bearing (n) A supporting member for a rotating shaft.
bevel (n) An inclined edgq not at right angle to joining surface.
bolt circle (n) A circular center line on a drawing, contain-ing the centers of holes about a common center.
bore (v) To enlarge a hole with a boring mill.boss (n) A cylindrical projection on a casting or a forging.
BOSS
brass (n) An alloy of copper and zinc.
braze (v) To join with hard solder of brass or zinc.
Brinell (n) A method of testing hardness of metal.
broach (z) A long cutting tool with a series of teeth thatgradually increase in size which is forced through a hole orover a surface to produce a desired shape.
Preferred Metric Sizes for Round, Square, Rectangle andHexagon Metal Products, ANSI B32.4M-1980 (R1994)
P¡eferred Metric Sizes for Tubular Metal Products OtherThan Pipe, ANSI 832.5 -1,97 7 (R1994)
Preferred Thickness for Uncoated Thin Flat Metals (Under0.250 in.). ANSI 832.7-1952 (R1994)
Surface Texture (Surface Roughness,'Waviness, and Lay),ANSI/ASME 846.1.-1995
Technical Drawings, ISO Handbook, 12-199I
-Chinese Proverb
bronze (n) An alloy of eight or nine parts of copper and onepart of tin.
buff (v) To finish or polish on a buffing wheel composed offabric with abrasive powders.
burnish (v) To finish or polish by pressure upon a smoothrolling or sliding tool.
burr (n) A jagged edge on metal resulting from punching orcutting.
bushing (n) A replaceable lining or sleeve for a bearing.
cølìpers (n) Instrument (of several types) for measuringdiameters.
cøm (n) A rotating member for changing circular motion toreciprocating motion.
csrburize (v) To heat a low-carbon steel to approximately2000"F in contact with material which adds carbon to thesurface of the steel, and to cool slowly in preparation forheat treatment.
caseharden (v) To harden the outer surface of a carburizedsteel by heating and then quenching.
castellate (v) To form like a castle, as a castellated shaft or nut.
costing (n) A metal object produced by pouring moltenmetal into a mold.
cast íron (n) Iron melted and poured into molds.
center drill (n) A special drill to produce bearing holes inthe ends of a workpiece to be mounted between centers.
Also called a combined drill and countersink.
COMBINED DRILL& C SINK
chamfer (n) A narrow inclined surfacetion of two surfaces.
along the intersec-
"The beginning of wisdom is to call things by their right names."
nmeans 4 noun; v means qvetb
CHAMFER
1d
t),
rb
of
chase (v) To cut threads with an external cutting tool.cheek (n) The middle portion of a three-piece flask used in
molding.
chill (v) To harden the outer surface of cast iron by quickcooling, as in a metal mold.
chíp (v) To cut away metal with a cold chisel.
chuck (n) A mechanism for holding a rotating tool orworkpiece.
coin (v) To form a part in one stamping operation.cold-rolled steel (CRS) (z) Open hearth or Bessemer steel
containing 0.124.20% carbon that has been rolled whilecold to produce a smooth, quite accurate stock.
collar (n) A round flange or ring fitted on a shaft to preventsliding.
Appendix a5
die casting (n) Process of forcing molten metal under pres-sure into metal dies or molds, producrng a very accurateand smooth casting.
die stampíng (n) Process of cutting or forming a piece ofsheet metal with a die.
dog (n) A small auxiliary clamp for preventing work fromrotating in relation to the face plate of a lathe.
dowel (n) A cylindrical pin, commonly used to prevent slid-ing between two contacting flat surfaces.
[*;;'DOWEL
draft (n) The tapered shape of the parts of a pattern to per-mit it to be easily withdrawn from the sand or, on a forg-ing, to permit it to be easily withdrawn from the dies.
DRAFTrth
ng
colorharden (v) Same as caseharden except that it is doneto a shallower depth, usually for appearance only.
cope (n) The upper portion of a flask used in molding.core (v) To form a hollow portion in a casting by using a
dry-sand core or a green-sand core in a mold.corepfint (n) A projection on a pattern which forms an
opening in the sand to hold the end of a core.cotter pin (n) A split pin used as a fastener, usually to pre-
vent a nut from unscrewing.counterbore (v) To enlarge an end of a hole cylindrically
with a counterbore.
COUNTERBORE
countersink (u) To enlarge an end of a hole conically, usual-ly with a countersink.
COUNTERSINK
crown (n) A raised contour, as on the surface of a pulley.cyanìde (v) To surface-harden steel by heating in contact
with a cyanide salt, followed by quenching.dedendum (n ) Distance from pitch circle to bottom of tooth
space.
development (r) Drawing of the surface of an object unfold-ed or rolled out on a plane.
diametral pìtch (n) Number of gear teeth per inch of pitchdiameter.
dÍe (n) (1) Hardened metal piece shaped to cut oi form arequired shape in a sheet of metal by pressing it against amating die. (2) Also used for cutting small male threads. Ina sense is opposite to a tap.
drag (n) Lower portion of a flask used in molding.drøw (v) To stretch or otherwise to deform metal. Also to
temper steel.
drill (v) To cut a cylindrical hole with a drill. A blind holedoes not go through the piece.
drill press (n) A machine for drilling and other hole-form-ing operations.
drop forge (r) To form a piece while hot between dies in a
drop hammer or with great pressure.
face (v) To finish a surface at right angles, or nearly so, tothe center line of rotation on a lathe.
FAO (v)Finish all over.
feather key (n) A flat key, which is partly sunk in a shaft andpartly in a hub, permitting the hub to slide lengthwise ofthe shaft.
fíle (v) To finish or smooth with a file.
fillet (n) An interior rounded intersection between twosurfaces.
fin (n) A thin extrusion of metal at the intersection of diesor sand molds.
fit (n) Degree of tightness or looseness between two matingparts, as a loose fit, a snug fit, or a tight fit.
fíxture (n) A special device for holding the work in a ma-chine tool, but not for guiding the cutting tool.
flønge (n ) A relatively thin rim around a piece.
)lyhe:or
ed
ut.
en
lns.
aG Appendix
flash (n) Same as/in.
flask (n) A box made of two or more parts for holding the
sand in sand molding.
gasket (n) A thin piece of rubber, metal, or some other ma-"
terial, placed between surfaces to make a tight joint'
gate (n) The opening in a sand mold at the bottom of the' tpà" through wtrictr ttre molten metal passes to enter the
cavity or mold.
gracluøte(v) To set off accurate divisions on a scale or dial'
grind (v) To remove metal by means of an abrasive wheel' often"
madeof carborundum. Use chiefly where accuracy is required'
harden (v) To heat steel above a critical temperature and
then quench in water or oil.
heøt-treat (v) To change the properties of metals by heating
and then cooling.
interchangeøble (adi.) Refers to a part made to limit di-
mensioãs so that it will fit any mating part similarly
manufactured.jig @) A device for guíding a tool it crttling a piece' Usually
it holds the work in Position.journal (n) Portion of a rotating shaft supported by a bearing'
ked @) Groove or cut made bY a saw'
løthe (n) A machine used to shape metal or other materials
by rotating against a tool'
lug (n) An irregular projection of metal, but not round as in
iità .ur" of a åoss, usuatly with a hole in it for a bolt or screw.
malleøble casting (n) A casting that has been made less
brittle and tougher bY annealing'
milt (v) To remove material by means of a rotating cutter
on a milling machine'
mold (n) The mass of sand or other material that forms the
caviìyinto which molten metal is poured'
MS (n) Machinery steel, sometimes called mild steel with a
sÀaíl p"rc"ntage of carbon' Cannot be hardened'
neck (v) To cut a groove around a cylindrical piece'
nornrulize (u) To heat steel above its critical temperature
and then to cool it in air.
pack-hørden (v) To carburiTe,then to caseharden'
pacl (n) A slight projection, usually to provide a bearing sur-
face around one or more holes'
key (n) A small piece of metal sunk partly into both shaft
and hub to Prevent rotation.
keyseat (n) A slot or recess in a shaft to hold a key'
keyway (n) A slot in a hub or portion surrounding a shaft to
receive a keY.
knurl (v) To impress a pattern of dents in a turned surface
with aknurling tool to produce a better hand grip'
lap (v) To produce a very accurate finish by sliding contact
ïiìú u hi,or piece of wood, leather, or soft metal impreg-
nated with abrasive Powder.
PAD
patten, (n) A model, usually of wood, used in forming a
mold fài a casting. In sheet metal work a pattern is called
a develoPment.
peen (v) To hammer into shape lvith a ballpeen hammer'-píckte
(v) To clean forgings or castings in dilute sulphuric
acid.
pinion (n) The smaller of two mating gears'
pítch círcle (n) An imaginary circle corresponding to the'
circumfereìce of the friction gear from which the spur
gear was derived.
ptane (v) To remove material by means of lhe planer'
p ammer-
P such as
p or Polished surface
p bY moving a smallster temPlate as a
guide.
punch (v) To cut an opening of a desired shape with a rigid
tool having the same shape, by pressing the tool through
the work.
quench (v) To immerse a heated piece of metal in water or
oil to harden it.
rack (n) A flat bar with gear teeth in a straight line to en-
gage with teeth in a gear.
KEYSEAT
ials
srn'ew
less
the
ha
tter
ream (v) To enlarge a finished hole slightly to give it greateraccuracy, with a reamer.
relíef (n) An offset of surfaces to provide clearance for ma-chining.
R
rib (n) A relatively thin flat member acting as a brace orsupport.
Appendix aZ
sprue (n) A hole in the sand leading to the gate which leadsto the mold, through which the metal enters.
sîeel castÍng (n) Like cast-iron casting except that in the fur_nace sctap steel has been added to the casting.
swøge (v) To hammer metal into shape while it is held over aswage,oÍ die, which fits in a hole in the swage block,or anvil.
sweat (v) To fasten metal together by the use of solder be_tween the pieces and by the application of heat and pressure.
tap (v) To cut relatively small inte¡nal threads with a tap.tape (n) Conical form given to a shaft or a hole. Also refers
to the slope of a plane surface.
taper pìn (n) A small tapered pin for fastening, usually toprevent a collar or hub from rotating on a shaft.
lhm,,¡tnru,",r,,,')-TAPER
PIN
taper reatnØ (n) Atapered ¡eamer for producing accuratetapered holes, as for a taper pin.
temper (v) To reheat hardened steel to bring it to a desireddegree of hardness.
templøte or templet (n) A guide or pattern used to markout the work, guide the tool in cutting it, or check the fin-ished product.
tìn (n) A silvery metal used in alloys and for coating othermetals, such as tin plate.
tolerance (n) Total amount of variation permitted in limitdimension of a part.
trepan(v) To cut a circular groove in the flat surface at oneend of a hole.
tumble(v) To clean rough castings or forgings in a revolvingd¡um filled with scrap metal.
turn (v) To produce, on a lathe, a cylindrical surface parallelto the center line.
twíst drill (n) A drill for use in a drill press.
undercut (n) A recessed cut or a cut with inwardly sloping sides.
galed
rivet (v) To connect with rivets or to clench over the end ofa pin by hammering.
round (n) An exterior rounded intersection of two surfaces.SAE (n) Society of Automobile Engineers.sandbløst (v) To blow sand at high velocity with compressed
air against castings or forgings to clean them.scleroscope (n) An instrument for measuring hardness of metalsscrape (v) To remove metal by scraping with a hand scraper,
usuálly to fit a bearing.shape (v) To remove metal from a piece wrth a shaper.shear (v) To cut metal by means of shearing with two blades
in sliding contact.
sherardize (v) To galvanize apiece with a coating ofzinc byheating it in a drum with zinc powder, to a temperature of575-850.F.
shim (n) A thin piece of metal or other material used as aspacer in adjusting two parts.
solder(v) To join with solder, usually composed of lead and tin.spin (v) To form a rotating piece of sheet metal into a de-
sired shape by pressing it with a smooth tool against a ro-tating form.
splìne (n) A keyway, usually one of a series cut around ashaft or hole.
SPLINED HOLE
spotface (r) To produce a ¡ound spot or bearing surfacearound a hole, usually with a spotfacer.The spotface maybe on top of a boss or it may be sunk into the surface.
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upset (v) To form a head or enlarged end on a bar or rod bypressure or by hammering between dies.
web (n) A thin flat part joining larger parts. Also known as a ri.b.
weld (v) Uniting metal pieces by pressure or fusion weldingProcesses.
Woodruff key (z) A semicircular flar key.
wrought íron (n) Iron of low carbon content useful becauseof its toughness, ductility, and malleability.
gidrgh
ag Appendix
3 CAD/CAM GlossorY
øccess tíme (or disk access time) One measure of system re-
sponse. The time interval between the instant that data is
.ãll"d fo. from storage and the instant that delivery is
completed-i.e., read time. See also response time.
alphanumerìc (or alphameric) A term that encompasses
lefters, digits, and special characters that are machine-
processable.
alphanumeric dìsplay (or alphameric display) A work-sta-
tion device consisting of a CRT on which text can be
viewed. An alphanumeric display is capable of showing a
fixed set of letters, digits, and special characters. It allows
the designer to observe entered commands and to receive
messages from the system.
alphanumeric keyboard (or alphameric keyboard) A work-
itution device consisting of a typewriter-like keyboard
that allows the designer to communicate with the system
using an English-like command language.
Amerìcan Standard Code for Informøtíon Interchange(ASCII) An industry-standard character code widely used
for information interchange among data processing sys-
tems, communications systems, and associated equipment'
analog Applied to an electrical or computer system, this de-
, notes the capability to lepresent data in continuously
varying physical quantities.
annotøt¡on Process of inserting text or a special note or
identification (such as a flag) on a drawing, map, or dia-
gram constructed on a CAD/CAM system. The text can be
generated and positioned on the drawing using the system'
applícation progrutm (or package) A computer program or
collection of programs to perform a task or tasks specific
to a particular user's need or class of needs.
ørchìval storage Refers to memory (on magnetic tape, disks,
printouts, or drums) used to store data on completed de-
signs or elements outside of main memory.
ørrøy (v) To create automatically on a CAD system an
arrangement of identical elements or components. The de-
signer defines the element once, then indicates the starting
Iocation and spacing for automatic generation of the ar-
:ray. (n) An arrangement created in the above manner' Aseries of elements or sets of elements arranged in a pat-
tern (i.e., matrix)
ASCII See American National Standard Code for Informa'tion Interchange.
assembler A computer program that converts (i.e., translates)
programmer-written symbolic instructions, usually in
mnemonic form, into machine-executable (computer or bina-
ry-coded) instructions.This conversion is typically one-to-one
(one symbolic instruction converts to one machine-exe-
cutable instruction). A software programming aid'
assocíatíve dímensìonìng A CAD capability that links di-mension entities to geometric entities being dimensioned.
This allows the value of a dimension to be automatically
updated as the geometry changes.
úttr¡bule A nongraphic characteristic of a part, compo-
nent, or entity under design on a CAD system. Exam-ples include: dimension entities associated withgeometry, text with text nodes, and nodal lines with con-
nect nodes. Changing one entity in an association can
produce automatic changes by the system in the associ-
ated entity; e.g., moving one entity can cause moving orstretching of the other entitY.
automatìc dimensioning A CAD capability that computes
the dimensions in a displayed design, or in a designated
section, and automatically places dimensions, dimensional
lines, and arrowheads where required. In the case of map-
ping, this capability labels the linear feature with length
and azimuth.
auxilìøry stotøge Storage that supplements main memory
devices such as disk or drum storage. Contrast with
archival storage.
benchmark The program(s) used to test, compare, and
evaluate in real time the performance of various
CAD/CAM systems prior to selection and purchase. Asynthetic benchmark has preestablished parameters de-
signed to exercise a set of system features and re-
sources. A live benchma¡k is drawn from the
prospective user's workload as a model of the entire
,, workload.bit 'I\e smallest unit of information that can be stored and
processed by a digitat computer. A bit may assume only
ãne of two values: 0 or 1 (i.e., ON/Of'f or YES/lt{O)' Bits
are organized into larger units called words for access by
computer instructions.
Computers are often categor\zed by word size in bits,
i.e., the maximum word size that can be processed as a
unit during a l6-bit comPuters or
32-bit compu in a word is an indi-
cation of the e system' esPeciallY
for calculations or for high-precision data.
bìt rate The speed at which bits are transmitted, usually ex-
pressed in bits per second.
bits per ínch (bpi) The number of bits that can be stored
per inch of a magnetic tape. A measure of the data storage
capacity of a magnetic taPe.
btinkìng A CAD design aid that makes a predefined graphic en-
tity blink on the CRT to attract the attention of the designer'
boot up Start uP a system.
*Extracted from The CAD/CAM Glossary, 1983 ed.ition, pubtished by the Computervßion Corporation, Bedfotd, MA 01730; reproduced with
permßsion of the publßher.
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B-splìne A sequence of parametric polynomial curves (typ_ically quadratic or cubic polynomials) forming u ,-ooitfit between a sequence of points in 3-D space. The piece_wise defined curve maintains a level of mathematical con_tinuity dependent upon the polynomial degree chosen. Itis used extensively in mechanical design applications inthe automotive and aerospace industries.
bug A flaw in the design or implementation of a softwareprogram or hardware design that causes erroneous resultso¡ malfunctions.
bulk memory A memory device for storing a large amountof data, e.g., disk, drum, or magnetic tape. It is not ran_domly accessible as main memory is.
by t1 A sequence of adjacent bits, usually eight, representing acharacter that is operated on as a unit. Usually shorter thãna word. A measure of the memory capacity of a system, orof an individual storage unit (as a 3O0-million_byte disk).
CAD See computer-aided deugn.CAD/CAM See computer-aided design/computer_aided
manuføcturing.
CAE See computer-aided engineering.
CAM See computer-aided manufacturing.cathode ray tube (CRT) 'Ihe principal component in a
CAD display device. A CRT displays graphic representa_tions of geometric entities and designs anà
"an be of vari_
ous types: storage tube, raster scan, or refresh. These tubescreate images by means of a controllable beam of elec_trons striking a screen. The term CrRZ is often used to de_note the entire display device.
ccntral processíng unìt (CpU) The computer brain of aCAD/CAM system that controls the retrieval, decoding,and processing of information, as well as the interpretã_tion and execution of operating instructions-the buildingblocks of application and other computer programs. ACPU comprises arithmetic, control, and logicãlements.
character An alphabetical, numerical, or special graphicsymbol used as part of the organization, control, oi,"þ."_sentation of CAD/CAM data.
characters per second (cps) A measure of the speed withwhich an alphanumeric terminal can process data.
chíp See integrated circuit.code A set of specific symbols and rules for representing da_
ta (usually instructions) so that the data õan be under_stood and executed by a computer. A code can be inbinary (machine) language, assembly language, or a high_level language. Frequently refers to an induitry_standãrdcode such as ANSI, ASCII, IpC, or Standard Code for In_formation Exchange.
color dísplay A CAD/CAM display device. Color raster_scan displays offer a variety of user-selectable, contrastingcolors to make it easier to discriminate among variouigroups of design elements on different layers of a large,complex design. Color speeds up the recognition of spe_cific areas and subassemblies, helps the designer interpretcomplex surfaces, and highlights interference probléms.
Appendix ag
Color d penetration type, in whichvarious off different coiors (refreshdisplay) ed, blue, and green electronguns (ra
command A control signal or instruction to a CpU or graph_ics processor, commonly initiated by means of a menu/tabletand electronic pen or by an alphanumeric keyboard.
command language A language for communicating with aCAD/CAM system in order to perform specific functionsor tasks,
communicatìon línk The physical means, such as a tele_phone line, for comecting one system module or peripher-al to another in a different location in order to transmitand receive data. See also datalink.
compatíbílìty The ability of a particular hardware moduleor software program, code, or language to be used in a
odification. or speciales the ability of a sys_
or software modulesthe system vendor provides withonable means of transferring data,skills from the user's present sys_
ments).compìler A computer program that converts or translates a
high-level, user-written language (e.g., pASCAL, COBOL,VARPRO, or FORTRAN) or source, into a language that
component A physical entity, or a symbol used in CAD to
computer-aìded desìgn (CAD) A process that uses a com_puter system to assist in the creation, modification, and
" disPlaY of a design'
aided manuJacturingation of computers intole of a product or plant.
c
from the CAD/CAM design data base is used to analyzethe functional characteristics of a part, product, or systemunder design and to simulate its performance under vari_ous conditions. In electronic design, CAE enables users ofthe Computervision Designer system to detect and correctpotentially costly design flaws. CAE permits the executionof complex circuit loading analyses and simulation duringthe circuit definition stage. CAE can be used to determinã
ex-
redage
en-
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alO Appendix
section properties, moments of inertia, shear and bending
moments, weight, volume, surface area,atd center of grav-
ity. CAE can precisely determine loads, vibration, noise,
and service life early in the design cycle so that compo-
nents can be optimized to meet those criteria. Perhaps the
most powerful CAE technique is finite element modeling.
See also kinematics.
computer-aided manufacturìnç GAM) The use of comput-
er and digital technology to generate manufacturing-ori-ented data. Data drawn from a CAD/CAM data base can
assist in or control a portion o¡ all of a manufacturingprocess, including numerically controlled machines, com-
puter-assisted parts programming, computer-assistedprocess planning, robotics, and programmable logic con-
trollers, CAM can involve production programming, man-
ufacturing engineering, industrial engineering, facilitiesengineering, and reliability engineering (quality control).CAM techniques can be used to produce process plans forfabricating a complete assembly, to program robots, and to
coordinate plant operation.
computer graphìcs A general term encompassing any disci-
pline or activity that.uses compute¡s to generate, process'
and display graphic images. The essential technology ofCAD/CAM systems. See also computer-aided design.
computer network An interconnected complex (arrange-
ment or configuration) of two or more systems. See also
network.
computer program A specific set of software commands in aform acceptable to a computer and used to achieve a de-
sired result. Often called a software progratn or package'
configuration A particular combination of a computer, soft-
ware and hardware modules, and peripherals at a single
installation and interconnected in such a way as to support
certain application(s).
connectot A termination point for a signal entering or leav-
ing a PC board or a cabling system.
convention Standardized methodology or accepted proce-
dure for executing a computer program' In CAD, the termdenotes a standard rule or mode of execution undertakento provide consistency. For example, a drafting conventionmight require all dimensions to be in metric units.
core (core memory) A largely obsolete term for main storage.
CPU See central processing unit.
CÃT See cathode ray tube.
cursor A visual tracking symbol, usually an underline orcross hairs, for indicating a location or entity selection onthe CRT display.A text cursor indicates the alphanumer-ic input; a graphics cursor indicates the next geometricinput. A cursor is guided by an electronic or light pen,joystick, keyboard, etc., and follows every movement ofthe input device.
cycle A preset sequence of events (hardware or software)
initiated by a single command.
data base A comprehensive collection of interrelated infor-mation stored on some kind of mass data storage device,
usually a disk. Generally consists of information organized
into a number of fixed-format record types with logical
links between associated records. Typically includes oper-
ating systems instructions, standard parts libraries, com-
pleted designs and documentation, source code, graphic
and application programs, as well as current user tasks inpfogress.
data communícøtìon The transmission of data (usually dig-
ital) from one point (such as a CAD/CAM workstation orCPU) to another point via communication channels such
as telephone lines.
data línk The communication line(s), related controls, and
interface(s) for the transmission of data between two or
more computer systems. Can include modems, telephone
lines, or dedicated transmission media such as cable or op-
tical fiber.
data tablet A CAD/CAM input device that allows the de-
signer to communicate with the system by placing an elec-
tronic pen or stylus on the tablet surface. There is a direct
correspondence between positions on the tablet and ad-
dressable points on the display surface of the CRT. Tirpi-
cally used fo¡ indicating positions on the CRT, fordigitizing input of drawings, or for menu selection. See al-
so graphic tablet.
debug To detect, locate, and correct any bugs in a system's
software or hardware.
dedicated Designed or intended for a single function or use.
For example, a dedicated workstation might be used ex-
clusively for engineering calculations or plotting'
default The predetermined value of a parameter required in
a CAD/CAM task or operation' It is automatically sup-
plied by the system whenever that value (e.g., text, height,
or grid size) is not specified.
densíty (1) A measure of the complexity of an electronic
design. For example, IC density can be measured by the
number of gates or transistors per unit'area or by the
number of square inches per component. (2) Magnetic
tape storage capacity. High capacity might be 1600
bits/inch; low, 800 bits/inch.
devíce Asystem hardware module external to the CPU and
designed to perform a specific function-i.e., a CRI, plot-
ter, printer, hard-copy unit, etc, See also peripheral.
diagnostics Computer programs designed to test the status
of a system or its key components and to detect and iso-
late malfunctions.
dial up To initiate station-to-station communication with a
computer via a dial telephone, usually from a workstation
to a computer.
digítøl Applied to an electrical or computer system, this de-
notes the capability to represent data in the form of digits'
dígitíze (1) General description: to convert a drawing into
digital form (i.e., coordinate locations) so that it can be
entered into the data base for later processing. A digi-
tizer, available with many CAD systems, implements the
conversion process. This is one of the primary ways of
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entering existing drawings, crude graphics, lines, andshapes into the system. (2) Computervision usage: tospecify a coordinate location or entity using an electron_ic pen or other device; or a single coordinate value orentity pointer generated by a digitizing operation.
digitízer A CAD input device consisting of a data tablet onwhich is mounted the drawing or design to be digitized in_to the system. The designer moves a puck or electronicpen to selected points on the drawing and enters coordi_nate data for Iines and shapes by simply pressing down thedigitize button with the puck or pen.
di A CAD capabiliry rhat will auto_insert the dimensions of a designted section of it.
direct access (linkøge) Retrieval or storage of data in thesystem by reference to its location on a tape, disk, or car_tridge, without the need for processing on a CpU.
d¡ be (DVST) A graphics display device;long-lasting, flicker-tree image with
no refreshing. It handles an almost un_limited amount of data. FIowever, display dynamics arelimited since DVSTs do not permit selective erase.The im_age is not as bright as with refresh or raster. Also calledstorage tube.
directory A named space on the disk or other mass storagedevice in which are stored the names of files and somesummary information about them.
díscrete components Components with a single functional ca-pability per package-for example, transistors and diodes.
dìsk (storage) A device on which large amounts of informa-tion can be stored in the data base. Synonymous withmagnetic disk storage or magnetic disk memory.
d vice for rapidly pre_signer can react to it,time. Usually refers
needed to generate a drawing. Because of its high speed, itis typically used in electronic design applications. Accura_cy and resolution are not as great as with pen plotters. Al_so known as electrostatic plotter.
drum plotter An electromechanical pen plotter that drawsan image on paper or film mounted on a rotatable drum.In this CAD peripheral device a combination of plotting_head movement and drum rotation provides the motion.
dynamìc (motion) Simulation of movement using CADsoftware, so that the designer can see on the CRI screen3-D representations of the parts in a piece of machinery asthey interact dynamically. Thus, any collision or interfer_ence problems are ¡evealed at a glance.
dynamics The capability of a CAD system to zoom, scroll,and rotate.
edít To modify, refine, or update an emerging design or texton a CAD system. This can be done online interactively.
Appendix ali
electrostatíc plotter See dot-matrix plotter.element The basic design entity in co¡nputer_aided design
whose logical, positional, electrical, or mechanical functiãnis identifiable,
enhsncements Software or hardware improvements, addi_tions, or updates to a CAD/CAM system.
en mitive_the fundamental buildingting a design or drawing, such as anint, spline, figure, or nodal line. Or a
group of primitives processed as an identifiable unit. Thus, asquare may be defined as a discrete entity consisting of fourprimitives (vectors), although each side of the square couldbe defined as an entity in its own right. See also primitive.
fe espond to an opera-ly or with a messageThis message regis_sible errors, and si_
multaneously displays the updated design on the CRT. (2)The signal or data fed back to a commanding unit from acontrolled machine or process to denote its response to acommand. (3) The signal representing the difference be_tween actual response and desired response and used bythe commanding unit to improve performance of the con_trolled machine or process. See also prompt.
figure A symbol or a part that may contain primitive enti_ties, other figures, nongraphic properties, and associations.A figure can be incorporated into other parts or figures.
fíle A collection of related information in the system thatmay be accessed by a unique name. May be stored on adisk, tape, or other mass storage media.
file protection A technique for preventing access to or acci_dental erasure of data within a file on the system.
firmwnre Computer programs, instructions, or functions im_plemented in user-modifiable hardware, i.e., a micro_processor with read-only memory, Such programs orinstructions, stored permanently' in programmable read_
damental part of systemt a frequently used pro-by a single command in-
stead of multiple commands as in a software program.
flatbed plotter A CAD/CAM peripheral device that drawsan image on paper, glass, or film mounted on a flat table.The plotting head provides all the motion.
uto-intoma_
flicker An undesired visual effect on a CRT when the ¡e_fresh rate is low
font, líne Repetitive pattern used in CAD to give a dis_played line appearance characteristics that make it more
al2 Appendix
easily distinguishable, such as a solid, dashed, or dotted Line.
A line font can be applied to graphic images in order to pro-vide meaning, either graphic (e.g., hidden lines) or function-al (roads, tracks, wires, pipes, etc.). It can help a designer toidentify and define specific graphic representations of enti-ties that are view-dependent. For example, a line may be sol-
id when drawn in the top view of an object but, when a linefont is used, becomes dotted in the side view whe¡e it is notnormally visible.
fonf, text Sets of type faces of various styles and sizes. InCAD, fonts are used Io üeate text for drawings, special
characters such as Greek letters and mathematical symbols.
FORTRAN FORmula ZiRÁNslation, a highJevel program-ming language used primarily for scientific or engineeringapplications.
fracturing The division of IC graphics by CAD into simpletrapezoidal or rectangular areas for pattern-generationpurposes.
function key A specific square on a data tablet, or a key ona function key box, used by the designer to enter a partic-ular command or other input. See also data tablet.
function keyboørd An input device located at a CAD/CAMworkstation and containing a number of function keys.
gøp T\e gap between two entities on a computer-aided designis the length of the shortest line segment that can be drawnfrom the boundary of one entity to the other without inter-secting the boundary of the other. CAD/CAM design-rules
checking programs can automatically perform gap checks.
graphíc tablet A CAD/CAM input device that enables graph-
ic and location instruments to be entered into the system us-
ing an electronic pen on the tablet. See also data tablet.
gray scøles In CAD systems with a monochromatic display,variations in brightness level (gray scale) are employed toenhance the contrast among various design elements. Thisfeature is very useful in helping the designer discriminateamong complex entities on different layers displayed con-currently on the CRT.
grid A network of uniformly spaced points or crosshatchoptionally displayed on the CRT and used for exactly lo-cating and digitizing a position, inputting components toassist in the creation of a design layout, or constructingprecise angles. For example, the coordinate data suppliedby digitizers is automatically calculated by the CPU fromthe closest grid point. The grid determines the minimumaccuracy with which design entities are described or con-nected. In the mapping environment, a grid is used to de-scribe the distribution network of utility resources.
hard copy A copy on paper of an image displayed on theCRT-for example, a drawing, printed report, plot, listing,or summary. Most CAD/CAM systems can automaticallygenerate hard copy through an online printer or plotter.
hardware The physical components, modules, and peripher-als comprising a system----computer disk, magnetic tape,CRT terminal(s), plotter(s), etc.
hard-wired línfr A technique of physically connecting two sys-
tems by fixed circuit interconnections using digital signals.
high-level language A problem-oriented programming lan-guage using words, symbols, and command statements thatclosely resemble English-language statements. Each state-
ment typically represents a series of computer instruc-tions. Relatively easy to learn and use, a highJevellanguage permits the execution of a number of subrou-tines through a simple command. Examples are BASIC,FORTRAN,PLII, PASCAL, COBOL, C++, and JAVA.
A high-level language must be translated or compiledinto machine language before it can be understood andprocessed by a computer. See also assembler: low-levellanguage.
host computer The primary or controlling computer in a multi-computer network. Large-scale host computers typically are
equipped with mass memory and a variety of peripheral de-
vices, including magnetic tape,line printers, card readers, andpossibly hard-copy devices. Host computers may be used tosuppof, with their own memory and processing capabilities,not only graphics programs running on a CAD/CAM system
but also related engineering analysis.
host-søtellite system A CAD/CAM system configurationcharactertzed by a graphic workstation with its own com-puter (typically holding the display file) that is connectedto another, usually larger, computer for more extensivecomputation or data manipulation. The computer local tothe display is a satellite to the larger host computer, andthe two comprise a host-satellite system.
.IC See integrated circuit.,IG/9S See Initial Graphics Exchange Specification.inches per second (þs) Measure of the speed of a device
(i.e., the number of inches of magnetic tape that can beprocessed per second, or the speed of a pen plotter).
Initìal Grøphícs Exchange Specdication (IGES) An inter-im CAD/CAM data base specification until the AmericanNational Standards Institute develop$ its own specifica-tion. IGES attempts to standardize communication ofdrawing and geometric product information betweencomputer systems.
initìalìze To set counters, switches, and addresses on a com-puter to zero or to other starting values at the beginningof, or at predetermined stages in, a program or routine.
ínput (data) (1) The data supplied to a computer programfor processing by the system. (2)T};re process of enteringsuch data into the system.
input devices A variety of devices (such as data tablets orkeyboard devices) that allow the user to communicatewith the CAD/CAM system, for example, to pick a func-tion from many presented, to enter text and/or numericaldata, to modify the picture shown on the CRT, or to con-
struct the desired design.
írtput/output (I/O) A term used to describe a CAD/CAMcommunications device as well as the process by whichcommunications take place in a CAD/CAM system. AnI/O device is one that makes possible communications be-
tween a device and a workstation operator or between de-
vices on the system (such as workstations or controllers).
an-
hatrte-uc-velou-IC,
By extension, input/output also denotes the process bywhich communications take place. Input refers to the datatransmitted to the processor for manipulation, and outputrefe¡s to the data transmitted from the processor to theworkstation operator or to another device (i.e., the re-sults), Contrast with the othe¡ major parts of aCAD/CAM system: the CPU or central processing unit,which performs arithmetic and logical operations, and da-ta storage devices (such as memories, disks, or tapes).
insert To create and place entities, figures, or information ona CRT or into an emerging design on the display.
instructìon sef (1) All the commands to which a CAD/CAMcomputer will respond. (2) The repertoire of functions thecomputer can perform.
integrøted circuít (IC) A tiny complex of electronic compo-nents and interconnections comprising a circuit that mayvary in functional complexity from a simple logic gate to amicroprocessor. An IC is usually packaged in a single sub-strate such as a slice of silicon. The complexity of most ICdesigns and the many repetitive elements have made com-puter-aided design an economic necessity. Also called a chip.
ìntegrated system A CAD/CAM system that integrates theentire product development cycle-analysis, design, andfabrication-so that all processes flow smoothly from con-cept to production.
intellìgent workstation/terminal A workstation in a systemthat can perform certain data processing functions in astand-alone mode, independent of another computer.Contains a built-in computer, usually a microprocessor orminicomputer, and dedicated memory.
intersctive Denotes t\ryo-way communications between aCAD/CAM system or workstation and its operators. Anoperator can modify or terminate a program and receivefeedback from the system for guidance and verification.See also feedback.
ínteractíve graphics systent (IGS) or interactive computergraphics (ICG) A CAD/CAM sysrem in which the work-stations are used interactively for computer-aided designand/or drafting, as well as for CAM, all under full operatorcontrol, and possibly also for text-processing, generationof charts and graphs, or computer-aided engineering. Thedesigner (operator) can intervene to enter data and directthe course of any program, receiving immediate visualfeedback via the CRT. Bilateral communication is provid-ed between the system and the designer(s), Often usedsynonymously with CAD.
intedace (") (t) A hardware and/or software link that en-ables two systems, or a system and its peripherals, to oper-ate as a single, integrated system. (2) The input devicesand visual feedback capabilities that allow bilateral com-munication between the designer and the system. The in-terface to a large computer can be a communications link(hardware) or a combination of software and hard-wiredconnections.An interface might be a portion of storage ac-cessed by two o¡ more ptograms or a link between twosubroutines in a program.
Appendix al3
I/O See input/output.
þs See inches per second.
jaggies A CAD jargon term used to refer to straight orcurved lines that appear to be jagged or sawtoothed onthe CRT screen.
joystick A CAD data-entering device employing a hand-controlled lever to manually enter the coordinates of vari-ous points on a design being digitized into the system.
ke¡t file A disk file that provides user-defined definitions fora tablet mew.See menu.
kínematìcs A computer-aided engineering (CAE) processfor plotting or animating the motion of parts in a machineor a structure under design on the system. CAE simula-tion programs allow the motion of mechanisms to be stud-ied for interference, acceleration, and forcedeterminations while still in the design stage.
layering A method of logically organtzing data in aCAD/CAM data base. Functionally different classes of da-ta (e.g,, various graphic/geometric entities) are segregatedon separate layers, each of which can be displayed individ-ually or in any desired combination. Layering helps the de-signer distinguish among different kinds of data in creatinga complex product such as a multilayered PC board or IC.
layers User-defined logical subdivisions of data in aCAD/CAM data base that may be viewed on the CRT in-dividually or overlaid and viewed in groups.
learning curve A concept that projects the expected im-ity over a period of time.to 1j years of a new
ost-justification study, orwhen new operators are introduced. An accepted tool ofmanagement for predicting manpo\iler requirements andevaluating training programs.
library, grøphics (or parts librøry) A collection of stan-dard, often-used symbols, components, shapes, or partsstored in the CAD data base as templates or buildingblocks to speed up future design work on the system.Generally an organization of files under a common li-brary name,
light pen A hand-held photosensitive CAD input deviceused on a refreshed CRT screen for identifying display el-ements, or for designating a location on the screen wherean action is to take place.
line font See font, line.
line printer A CAD/CAM peripheral device used for rapidprinting of data.
line smoothìng An automated mapping capability for theinterpolation and inse¡tion of additional points along aIinear entity yielding a series of shorter linear segmentsto generate a smooth curved appearance to the originalIinear component. The additional points or segments arecreated only for display purposes and are interpolated froma relatively small set of sto¡ed representative points. Thus,data storage space is minimized.
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low-level languøge A programming language in which
statements translate on a one-for-one basis' See also
machine language.
machìne A computer, CPU, or other processor'
møchíne instructíon An instruction that a machine (com-
puter) can rccognize and execute'
machíne language The complete set of command instruc-
tions understandable to and used directly by a computer
when it performs oPerations.
msø'o A sequence of computer instructions executable as a
single command. A frequently used, multistep operation
can be organized into a macro, given a new name, and re-
main in the system for easy use, thus shortening program
development time.
magnetic disk A flat circular plate Ïvith a magnetic surface
o"n which information can be stored by selective magneti-
zation of portions of the flat surface. Commonly used for
temporary working storage during computer-aided design'
See also dlsk.
magnetìc tape A tape with a magnetic surface on which in-
fórmation can be stored by selective polarization of por-
tions of the surface. Commonly used in CAD/CAM for
off-line storage of completed design files and other
archival material.
mainframe (computet) A large cenÍal computer facility'
main memory/storage The computer's general-purpose
storage from which instructions may be executed and data
loaded directly into operating registers.
mass storage Auxiliary large-capacity memory for storing
large amounts of data readily accessible by the computer'
Commonly a disk or magnetic taPe.
matríx A2-D or 3-D rectangular array (arrangement) of iden-
tical geometric or s)¡mbolic entities.A matrix can be generat-
ed automatically on a CAD system by specifying the building
block entity and the desired locations'This process is used ex-
tensively in computer-aided electricaVelectronic design'
n emot'y Any form of data storage where information can be
read and written. Standard memories include RAM, ROM,
and PROM. See also programmable read-only nxemory;
random access nxemory; read-only menxory; storage,
menu A common CAD/CAM input device consisting of a
checkerboard pattern of squares printed on a sheet of pa-
per or plastic placed over a data tablet. These squares
have been preprogrammed to represent a part of a com-
mand, a command, or a series of commands. Each square,
when touched by an electronic pen, initiates the particular
function or command indicated on that square. See also
data tablet, dYnamic menuing.
merge To combine two or more sets of ¡elated data into one,
uJua[y in a specified sequence.This can be done automati-
cally on a CAD/CAM system to generate lists and reports'
mícrocomputer A smaller, lower-cost equivalent of a full-scale mìnicomputer. Includes a microprocessor (CPU),
memory, and necessary interface circuits. Consists of one
or more ICs (chips) comprising a chip set.
microprocessor Tlte central control element of a microcom-
puter, implemented in a single integrated circuit. It per-
forms instruction sequencing and processing, as well as allrequired computations. It requires additional circuits tofunction as a microcomputer. See microcomputer,
minì computer A general-purpose, single-processor computer
of limited flexibility and memory performance.
mìrroring A CAD design aid that automatically creates a
mirror image of a graphic entity on the CRT by flipping
the entity or drawing on its x or y axis.
mnemonic symbol An easily remembered symbol that as-
sists the designer in communicating with the system (e.g.,
an abbreviation such as MPY for multþIy)'
model, geometric A complete, geometrically accurate 3-D or
2-D representation of a shape, a pafi, a geographic area, a
plant, or any part of it, designed on a CAD system and
stored in the data base. A mathematical or analytic model
of a physical system used to determine the response of that
system to a stimulus or load' See modeling, geometric'
modeling, geometríc Constructing a mathematical or analytic
model of a physical object or system for the purpose of de-
termining the response of that object or system to a stimu-
lus or load. First, the designer describes the shape under
design using a geometric model constructed on the system'
The computer then converts this pictorial representation on
the CRT into a mathematical model later used for other
CAD functions such as design optimization.
modelíng, solíd A type of 3-D modeling in which the solid
characieristics of an object under design are built into the
data base so that complex internal structures and external
shapes can be ¡ealistically represented. This makes com-
putãr-aided design and analysis of solid objects easier,
.l"ur"., and more accurate than with wire-frame graphics'
modem MOdulatot-D4Modtlator, a device that converts
digital signals to analog signals, and vice versa, for long-dis-
tance trãnsmission over communications circuits such as
telephone lines, dedicated wires, optical fiber, or microwave'
ntodule A separate and distinct unit of hardware or soft-
ware that is Part of a system,
mouse Ahand-held data-entering device used to position a
cursor on a data tablet. See cursor.
multiprocessor A computer whose architecture consists of
moie than one processing unit. See central processing unít:
microcomPuter.
in response to numericallY coded
mands may be generated bY apunched taPes or other communi
m-er-allto
ter
lang
processes involved in generating the data or tapes neces-sary to guide a machine tool in the manufacture of a part.
olf-líne Refers to peripheral deyices not currently connectedto and under the direct control of the system,s computer,
on-line Refers to peripheral devices connected to andunder the direct control of the system,s computer, sothat operator-system interaction, feedback, and outputare all in real time.
operatìng system A structured set of software programs thatcontrol the operation of the computer and associated pe-ripheral devices in a CAD/CAM system, as well as the ex-ecution of computer programs and data flow to and fromperipheral devices. May provide support for activities andprograms such as scheduling, debugging, input/output con-trol, accounting, editing, assembly, compilation, storage as-signment, data management, and diagnostics. Anoperating system may assign task priority levels, support afile system, provide drives for I/O devices, support stan-dard system commands or utilities fo¡ online program-ming, process commands, and support both networkingand diagnostics.
output The end result of a particular CAD/CAM process orseries of processes. The output of a CAD cycle can be art-work and hard-copy lists and reports. The output of a totaldesign-to-manufacturing CAD/CAM system can also in-clude numerical control tapes for manufacturing.
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overlay A segment of code or data to be brought into thememory of a computer to replace existing code or data.
paínt To fill in a bounded graphic figure on a raster displayusing a combination of repetitive patterns or line fonts toadd meaning or clarity. See font, line.
papet-tape punclt/reader A peripheral device that can readas well as punch a perforated paper tape generated by aCAD/CAM system. These tapes are the principal meansof supplying data to an NC machine.
parallel processr'zg Executing more than one element of asingle process concurrently on multiple processors in acomputer system.
pøssword protectíon A security feature of certainCAD/CAM systems that prevents access to the system orto files within the system without first entering a pass-word, i.e., a special sequence of characters.
PC board See printed circuit board.pen plotter An electromechanical CAD output device that
geqerates hard copy of displayed graphic data by meansof a ballpoint pen or liquid ink. Used when a very accuratefinal drawing is required. Provides exceptional uniformityand density of lines, precise positional accuracy, as well asvarious user-selectable colors.
perípheral (device) Any device, distinct from the basic sys-tem modules, that provides input to and/or output fromthe CPU. May include printers, keyboards, plotters, graph-ics display terminals, paper-tape reader/punches, analog-to-digital converters, disks, and tape drives.
permenent storage A method or device for storing the re-
Appendix al5i
sults of a completed program outside the CpU-usually inthe form of magnetic tape or punched cards.
photo plotter A CAD output device that generates high-precision artwork masters photographically for pC boarddesign and IC masks.
pixel T\e smallest portion of a CRT screen that can be indi-vidually referenced. An individual dot on a display image.Tlpically, pixels are evenly spaced, horizontally and verti-cally, on the display.
plotter A CAD peripheral device used to output fo¡ extemaluse the image stored in the data base. Generally makes large,acctrate drawings substantially better than what is displayed.Plotter types include pen, drum, electrostatic, and flatbed.
postptocessor A software program or procedure that for_mats graphic or other data processed on the system forsome other putpose. For example, a postprocessor mightformat cutter centerline data into a form that a machinecontroller can interpret.
precisìon The degree of accuracy. Generally refers to thenumber of significant digits of information to the right ofthe decimal point for data represented within a computersystem. Thus, the term denotes the degree of discrimina-tion with which a design or design element can be de-scribed in the data base.
preplaced líne (or bus) A run (or line) between a set ofpoints on a PC board layout that has been predefined bythe designer and must be avoided by a CAD automaticrouting program.
preprocessot A computer program that takes a specific setof instructions from an external source and translates it in-to the format required by the system.
primítive A design element at the lowest stage of complexi-ty. A fundamental graphic entity. It can be a vector, a.point, or a text string. The smallest definable object in adisplay processor's instruction set.
printed cìrcuit (PC) boørd A baseboard made of insulatingmaterials and an etched copper-foil circuit pattern onwhich are mounted ICs and other components required toimplement one or more electronic functions. pC boardsplug into a rack or subassembly of electronic equipmentto provide the brains or logic to control the operation of acomputer, or a communications system, instrumentation,or other electronic systems. The name derives from thefact that the circuitry is connected not by wires but by cop-per-foil lines, paths, or traces actually etched onto theboard surface. CAD/CAM is used extensively in pC boarddesign, testing, and manufacture.
process símulatíon Aprogram utilizing a mathematical mod-el created on the system to try out numerous process de-sign iterations with real-time visual and numericalfeed-back. Designers can see on the CRT what is takingplace at every stage in the manufacturing process. They cantherefore optimize a process and correct problems thatcould affect the actual manufacturing process down-stream.
processor In CADiCAM system hardware, any device that per-
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forms a specific function. Most often used to refer to theCPU. In software, it refers to a complex set of instructions toperform a general functions. See also central processing unit.
productìvíty ratìo A widely accepted means of measuringCAD/CAM productivity (throughput per hour) by com-paring the productivity of a design/engineering group be-fore and after installation of the system or relative tosome standard norm or potential maximum. The mostcommon way of recording productivity is Actual ManualHours/Actual CAD Hours, expressed as 4:1,6:1, etc.
program (ø) A precise sequential set of instructions that di-rect a computer to perform a particular task or action orto solve a problem. A complete program includes plans forthe transcription of data, coding for the computer, andplans for the absorption of the results into the system. (v)To develop a program. See also computer program.
Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM) A memorythat, once programmed with permanent data or instruc-tions, becomes a ROM. See read-only rnemory.
PROM See prògrammable read-only memory.
prompt A message or symbol generated automatically bythe system, and appearing on the CRT, to inform the userof (a) a procedural error or incorrect input to the programbeing executed or (b) the next expected action, option(s),or input. See also tutorial.
puck A hand-held, manually controlled input device that al-lows coordinate data to be digitized into the system from adrawing placed on the data tablet or digitizer surface. Apuck has a transparent window containing cross hairs.
RAM See random access memory.
random access memoty (RAM) A main memory read/writestorage unit that provides the CAD/CAM operator directaccess to the stored information. The time required to ac-
cess any word stored in the memory is the same as for anyother word.
raster dísplay A CAD workstation display in which the en-tire CRT surface is scanned at a constant refresh rate.Thebright, flicker-free image can be selectively written anderased. Also called a digital TV display.
tastet scan (video) Currently, the dominant technology inCAD graphic displays. Simila¡ to conventional television, itinvolves a line-by-line sweep across the entire CRT surface
to generate the image. Raster-scan features include goodbrightness, accuracy, selective erase, dynamic motion capabil-ities, and the opportunity for unlimited color. The device candisplay a large amount of inJormation without flicker, al-though resolution is not as good as with storage-tube displays
read-only memort, (ROM) A memory that cannot be mod-ified or reprogrammed. Typically used for control and exe-cute programs. See also pro grammable read-only rnenxory.
real tíme Refers to tasks or functions executed so rapidly bya CAD/CAM system that the feedback at various stages inthe process can be used to guide the designer in complet-ing the task. Immediate visual feedback through the CRTmakes possible real time, interactive operation of a
CAD/CAM system.
rectangular array Inseftion of the same entity at multiplelocations on a CRT using the system's ability to copy de-sign elements and place them at user-specified intervals tocreate a rectangular arrangement or matrix. A feature ofPC and IC design systems.
refresh (or vector refresh) A CAD display technology thatinvolves frequent redrawing of an image displayed on theCRT to keep it bright, crisp, and clear. Refresh permits a
high degree of movement in the displayed image as well as
high resolution. Selective erase or editing is possible atany time without erasing and repainting the entire image.Although substantial amounts of high-speed memory arerequired, large, complex images may flicker.
refresh rate The rate at which the graphic image on a CRT isredrawn in a refresh display, i.e., the time needed for onerefresh of the displayed image.
regìstrøtìon The degree of accuracy in the positioning ofone layer or overlay in a CAD display or artwork, relativeto anothei layer, as reflected by the clarity and sharpnessof the resulting image.
rcpaìnt A CAD feature that automatically redraws a designdisplayed on the CRT.
resolution The smallest spacing between two display elements
that will allow the elements to be distinguished visually on
the CRT.The ability to define very minute detail. For exam-ple, the resolution of Computervision's IC design system is
one part in 33.5 million. As applied to an electrostatic plot-ter, resolution means the number of dots per square inch.
response time Tlte elapsed time from initiation of an opera-tion at a workstation to the receipt of the results at thatworkstation. Includes transmission of data to the CPU,processing, file access, and transmission of ¡esults back tothe initiating workstation.
rcstart To resume a computer program interrupted by oper-ator intervention.
restore -lo bring back to its original state a design currentþ be-
ing worked on in a CAD/CAM System after editing or mod-ification that the designer now wants to cancel or rescind.
Íesunle A feature of some application programs that allowsthe designer to suspend the data-processing operation atsome logical break point and restart it later from that point.
retìcle The photographic plate used to create an IC mask.See also photo plotter.
rotate 'Iolwî a displayed 2-D or 3-D construction about an ax-
is through a predefined angle relative to the original position.
robotìcs The use of computer-controlled manipulators orarms to automate a variety of manufacturing processes
such as welding, material handling, painting and assembly.
ROM See read-only memory
rcut¡ne A computer program, or a subroutine in the mainprogram. The smallest separately compilable source codeunit. See computer program: source.
rubber bøndíng A CAD capability that allows a componentto be tracked (dragged) across the CRT screen, by means
of an electronic pen, to a desired location, while simulta-
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neously stretching all related interconnections to maintainsignal continuity. During tracking the interconnections as_sociated with the component stretch and bend, providingan excellent visual guide for optimizing the location of ãcomponent to best fit into the flow of the pC board orother entity, minimizing total interconnect length andavoiding areas of congestion.
satellite A remote system connected to another, usuallylarger, host system. A satellite differs from a remote intel_ligent workstation in that it contains a full set of proces_sors, memory, and mass storage resources to operateindependently of the host. See host_satellite system.
scale (v) To enlarge or diminish the size of a displayed enti_ty without changing its shape, i.e., to bring it into a user_specified ratio to its original dimensions. Scaling can bedone automatically by a CAD system. (n) Denotes the co_ordinate system for representing an object.
scissorìng The automatic erasing of all portions of a designon the CRT that lie outside user-specified boundaries.
scroll To automatically roll up. as on a spool, a design or textmessage on a CRT to permit the sequential viewing of amessage or drawing too large to be displayed all aionceon the screen. New data appear on the CRT at one edge asother data disappear at the opposite edge. Graphics canbe scrolled up, down, left, or right.
selectìve erøse A CAD feature for deleting portions of a dis_play without affecting the remainder oihaving to repaintthe entire CRT display.
shape Jìll The automatic painting-in of an area, defined byuser-specified boundaries, on an IC or pC board layoui,for example, the area to be filled by copper when the pCboa¡d is manufactured. Can be done on_úne by CAD.
srnoothíng Fitting together curves and surfaces so that asmooth, continuous geometry results.
software The collection of executable computer programsincluding application programs, operating systems, andlanguages.
source A text file written in a highJevel language and con_taining a computer program. It is easily read and under_stood by people but must be compiled or assembled togenerate machine-recognizable instructions. Also knownas source code. See also high-level language.
source language A symbolic language composed of state_ments and formulas used in computer processing. It istranslated into object language (object code) by an assem_bler or compiler for execution by a computer.
splìne A subset of a B-spline wherein a sequence of curvesis restricted to a plane. An interpolation routine executedon a CAD/CAM system automatically adjusts a curve bydesign iteration until the curvature is contìnuous over thelength ofthe curve. See also B-spline.
storage The physical repository of all information relat_ing to products designed on a CAD/CAM system. It istypically in the form of a magnetic tape or disk. Alsocalled memory.
Appendix al7
stretch A CAD design/editing aid that enables the designerto automatically expand a displayed entity beyond its ãrig_inal dimensions.
string A linear sequence of entities, such as characters orphysical elements, in a computer_aided design.
stylus A hand-held pen used in conjunction with a datatable to enter commands and coordinate input into the
"rsYstem'
Also called an electronic Pen'hat may be extracted
inserted intact into another part
s ion of NC tool pathss and the shapes maydesign capabilities of
grofso
ch
ment, symbol libraries contribute to the quick maintenance,placement, and interpretation of symbols.
syntax (1) A set of rules describing the structure of state_ments allowed in a computer language.To make grammat_ical sense, commands and routines must be written inconformity to these rules. (2) The st¡ucture of a computercommand language, i.e., the English-sentence structure of aCAD/CAM command language, e.g., verb, noun, modifiers.
sJ
also operating system (apurely software term).
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tublet An input device on which a designer can digitize co-
ordinate data or enter commands into a CAD/CAM sys-
tem by means of an electronic pen. See also data tablet.
task (1) A specific project that can be executed by a
CAD/CAM software program. (2) A specific portion ofmemory assigned to the user for executing that project.
template The pattern of a standard, commonly used compo-
nent or part that serves as a design aid. Once created, it can
be subsequently traced instead of redrawn whenever need-
ed.The CAD equivalent of a designer's template might be a
standard part in the data-base library that can be retrieved
and inserted intact into an emerging drawing on the CRT.
temporary storage Memory locations for storing immediate
and partial results obtained during the execution of a pro-gram on the system.
termínal See workstation.
text edítor An operating system program used to create and
modify text files on the system.
text file A file stored in the system in text format that can
be printed and edited on-line as required.
throughput The number of units of work performed by a
CAD/CAM system or a workstation during a given periodof time. A quantitative measure of system productivity.
tíme-sharíng The use of a common CPU memory and pro-cessing capabilities by two or more CAD/CAM terminals
to execute different tasks simultaneously.
tool pøth Centerline of the tip of an NC cutting tool as itmoves over a part produced on a CAD/CAM system'Toolpaths can be created and displayed interactively or auto-
matically by a CAD/CAM system, and reformatted intoNC tapes, by means of postprocessor, to guide or controlmachining equipment. See also surface machining.
trøck ball A CAD graphics input device consisting of a ballrecessed into a surface. The designer can rotate it in any
direction to control the position of the cursor used for en-
tering coordinate data into the system.
trøcking Moving a predefined (tracking) symbol across the
surface of the CRT with a light pen or an electronic pen.
transform To change an image displayed on the CRT by, forexample, scaling, rotating, translating, or mirroring.
transformatìon The process of transforming a CAD displayimage. Also the matrix rep¡esentation of a geometric space.
trønslate (1) To convert CAD/CAM output from one lan-guage to another. (2) Also, by an editing command, tomove a CAD display entity a specified distance in a speci-
fied direction.
trap T\e area that is searched around each pick to find a hiton a graphics entity to be edited. See also digitize.
turnøround time Tt'e elapsed time between the moment a
task or project is input into the CAD/CAM system andthe moment the required output is obtained.
turnkey A CAD/CAM system for which the supplier/ven-dor assumes total responsibility for building, installing,and testing both hardware and software, and the train-ing of user personnel. Also, loosely, a system that comes
equipped with all the ha¡dware and software requiredfor a specific application or applications. Usually im-plies a commitment by the vendor to make the system
work and to provide preventive and remedial mainte-nance of both hardware and software. Sometimes used
interchangeably with stand-alone, although stand-aloneapplies more to system architecture than to terms ofpurchase.
tutorial A characteristic of CAD/CAM systems. If the user is
not sure how to execute a task, the system will show howAmessage is displayed to provide information and guidance.
utílitíes Another term for system capabilities and/or fea-
tures that enable the user to perform certain processes.
vector A quantity that has magnitude and direction and
that, in CAD, is commonly represented by a directed linesegment.
verificatíon (1) A system-generated message to a worksta-tion acknowledging that a valid instruction or input has
been received. (2) The process of checking the accuracy,
viability, and/or manufacturability of an emerging design
on the system.
view port A user-selected,rectangular view of a part, assem-
bly, etc., that presents the contents of a window on the
CRT. See also window.
wíndow A temporary, usually rectangular, bounded area on
the CRT that is user-specified to include particular enti-ties for modification, editing, or deletion.
wire-frame graphics A computer-aided design technique
for displaying a 3-D object on the CRT screen as a series
of lines outlining its surface.
wiring díagrøn (1) Graphic representation of all circuits and
device elements of an electrical system and its associated ap-
paratus or any clearþ defined functional portion of that sys-
tem. A wiring diagram may contain not only wiring system
components and wires but also nongraphic information such
as wire number, wire size, color, function, component label,
and pin number. (2) Illustration of device elements and thei¡
interconnectivity as distinguished from their physical
arrangement. (3) Drawing that shows how to hook things up'
Wiring diagrams can be constructed, annotated, and docu-
mented on a CAD system.
word A set of bits (typically 1,6 to 32) that occupies a single
storage location and is treated by the computer as a unit'See also bl¡.
working storage That part of the system's internal storage
reserved for intermediate results (i.e., while a computerprogram is still in progress). Also called tenxporary storage
workstatíon The work area and equipment used forCAD/CAM operations. It is where the designer inter-acts (communicates) with the computer' Frequentlyconsists of a CRT display and an input device as well as,
possibly, a digitizer and a hard-copy device. In a distrib:uted processing system, a workstation would have local
processing and mass storage capabilities. Also called a
terminal or design terminal.
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wùte ^Io transfer information from CpU main memory to aperipheral device, such as a mass storage device.
wr¡te-protect A security feature in a CAD/CAM data stor_age device that prevents new data from being written overexisting data.
zero T};.e origin of all coordinate dimensions defined in anabsolute system as the intersection of the baselines of thex, y, and, z axes.
Appendix at9
zero offset On an NC unit, this features allows the zeropoint on an axis to be relocated anywhere within a speci_fied range, thus temporarily redefining the coordinateframe of reference.
zoom A CAD capability that proportionately enlarges orreduces a figure displayed on a CRT screen.
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armature ARMarmor plate ARMPLarmy navy ANarrange ARRartificial ARTFasbestos ASBasphalt ASPHassemble ASSEMassemble (auto manufacturing) ASMassembly ASSYassistant ASSTassociate ASSOCassociation ASSNatomic ATaudible AUDaudio frequency AFauthorize AUTHautomatic AUTOauto-transformer AXFMRauxiliary AUXavenue AVEaverage AVGaviation AVNazimuth þ¿
B
A
absoluteaccelerateaccessoryaccountaccumulateactualad,apteraddendumadditionadjustadvanceafteraggregateair-conditionairplaneallowancealloyalterationalternatealternating currentaltitudealuminumAmerican Standard
Code for InterchangeAmerican wire gageamountampereamplifierannealantennaapartmentapparatusappendixapprovedapproximatearc weld
bentBessemerbetweenbetween centersbetween perpendicularsbevelbill of materialblankblockblueprintboardboilerboiler feedboiling pointbolt circleboth facesboth sidesboth waysbottombottom chordbottom facebracketbrakebrassbrazingbreakBrinell hardnessBritish StandardBritish thermal unitbroachbronzeBrown & Sharpe (wire gage,
same asAWG)buildingbulkheadburnishbushingbutton
ABSACCEL
ACCESSACCT
ACCUMACT
ADPTRADDADDADJADVAFT
AGGRAIRCOND
APLALLOW
ALYALT
ALTN
ACALT
AL
ASCIIAWGAMTAMP
AMPLANLANTAPI
APPARAPPXAPVD
APPROXARCW
BT
BESS
BETW
BCBP
BEV
BMBLK
BLK
BP
BD
BLR
BF
BP
BCBF
BS
BWBOT
BCBF
BRKT
BK
BRS
BRZG
BRK
BH
BSt
BTU
BRCHBRZ
BS
BLDGBHDBNH
BSHGBTN
babbittback pressureback to backbackfacebalanceball bearingbarometerbase linebase platebearingbench mark
BABBP
BB
BF
BALBBRGBARO
BL
BP
BRGBM
aZ() Append¡x
C
calibtatecapacitancecast steelcastingcentercenteringchangecheck valveci¡cuitclockwisecoatedcold drawn coppercold-rolled steelcombinedcomplete withcompressorconcentricconcrete splash blockconditionconstant output amplifiercontactcontinuedcopper oxidecountercountersunkcross sectioncubiccubic footcubic inchcurrentcustome¡cyanide
D
decimaldedendumdeflectdegreedensitydepartmentdesigndetaildevelopdiagonaldiagramdiameterdiametral pitchdimensiondischargedistancedivisiondoubledovetaildoweldowndozen
drafring
CHGCV 11
CKI eachCW eccentricCTD effective
CDC elbowCRS electric
CMBD elementaryCW elevate
COMPR elevationCONC engine
CSB engineerCOND engineering
COA entranceCONT equalCONT equationCUO equipmentCTR equivalent
CTSK estimateXSECT exchange
CU exhaustCUFI existingCUIN exteriorCUR extra heavy
CUST extra strongCYN extrude
F
DEC fabricateDED face to faceDEFL Fahrenheit
(") DEG far sideDENS federalDEPT figure
DSGN filletDET fillisterDVL finish
DIAG finish all overDIAG flange
DIA flat headDP floor
DIM fluidDISCH focus
DIST footDIV forceDBL forged steel
DWL forgingDWL forwardDN foundry
DOZ frequency
DFTG frontDWG furnish
DR
DRGDF
DF gage or gauge
DUP gallongalvanizegalvanized ironalvanized steelasketenerallass
overnmentovernoradeaduationaphiteindooveound
EQLEQ
EepT half_round
EeUIV handle
EST hangerEXCH hard
EXH harden
EXST ha¡dware
EXT head
XHVy headless
XSTR heat-treatEXTD heavy
hexagonhigh_pressure
_speed
zontalepowerrolledrolled steel
irrgaulic
FNSH
FAO IFLG illustrateFLH inboardFL inchFL inches per second
FOC inclosure(')FT inctude
F inside diameterFST interior
FORG internalFWD intersectFDRY irregularFREQ
FR
FURN
GAGAL
GALVGALVI
GALVSGSKT
GENLGL
GOWGOV
GRGRDTN
GPHGRDGRVGRD
1/2RHHDL
HGRH
HDNHDW
H
HDLS
HTTR
HVYHEX
HP
HS
HORIZ
HP
HR
HRS
HR
HSGHYDR
ILLUS
INBD(") tN,
IPS
INCLSINCL
IDINTR
INTL
INTSCT
IRREG
FR
JRNT
jointjoint army-navyjournaljunction
K
keyseatKeyway
L
laboratorylaminatelateralleft sideleft handlengthlength over allletterlightlinelocatelogarithmlonglubricatelumber
M
machinemachine screwmachine steelmaintenancemalleablemalleable ironmanualmanufacturemanufacturedmanufacturingmaterialmaxrmummechanicalmechanismmedianmediummetalmetermilemiles per hourminimummiscellaneousmonthmorse tapermotormountedmounting
Appendix a2l
PREFAB
PFD
PREP
PRESS
PRCS
PRODPF
PROPPUBN
PB
multiple
JT MusicWire Gage
JANJNL 1V
JCT nationalnaturalnear face
KST near side
KWY negauveneutralnominalnormal
LAB north
LAM not to scale
LATL number
LS
LHOLG obsoleteLoA octasonLTR officãLT on center
outside radiusoverall
MACH DMSCR '
MS packageMAINT paragraph
MAL patentMl pattern
MNL permanentMFR perpendicularMFD pieceMFG piece markMATL pintMAX pitch
MECH pitch circleMECH pitch diameterMDN plasricMDM plate
MET plumbingM pointMl point of curve
MPH point of intersectionMIN point of tangency
MISC polishMO position
MORT potentialMOT poundMTD pound-force per square inchMTG power
MULT prefabricatedMWG preferred
preparepressure
NOMNORM O
^ ) quadrant
'il8 åÏ;l','å
ROBS\JUt
rachus\Jt-uOC rarlroad
removerequrre
PKG requiredPARA return
PAT reversePAn revolution
PERM revolution per minutePERP right
PC right handPCMK rivet
PT Rockwell hardnessP roller
PC root diameterPD root mean square
PLSTC roughPL round
PLMBPTs
PCpl schedule
pT schematic
pOL scleroscopehardness
POSN screw
pOT second
LB section
psl semi-steel
pWR separate
GA>ALALV
\LVILVS
SKI:NLGL)WOVGR)TN.PH
RDRVRD
QDRNTOUAL
QTR
RH
DL}R
H)Nr\/¡/
H
LS
TR
:XIPJS
vIPIR
?S
IR
erQ
RDL
R
RR
RMRRCVD
RCDRECT
RDCREF
REINF
REL
RLF
RMVREO
REQDRTN
RVS
REV
RPMR
RH
RWRH
RLR
RDRMS
RGHRND
SCHEDSCHEM
SH
SCR
SEC
SECT
SS
SEP
rs
)J,
S
S
L
)IL
T
2
a22 Appendix
set screwshaftsheetshouldersinglesketchsleeveslideslottedsmallsocketspacespecialspecificspot-facespflngsquarestandardstationstationarysteelstockstraightstreetst¡ucturalsubstitutesummary
SSCR supportSFT surfaceSH symbol
SHLDR sysremSGLSKT
sluSTRL
SUBSI ulrimate
SMy unified
SPRI universalSURF
SYM VSYS vacuum
valvevariable
TAN versus
TpR vertical
TECH voltTEMpL volume
TNSN WIERM
THK washer
THD wart
THRU week
TMR weight
TOL west
TG widthTS working point
TOT working pressure
XFR wrought
ryp wrought iron
Y
ULT yard
uN yeal
UNIV
VAC
VARVS
VERT
VOL
WSHR
WWKWlW
WDWP
WPRWRI
WI
YDYR
\C
AR
VSiRT
f,L
JRWVK
MWIDVP)R
RT
//r
/D
/R
Appendix a23
5 Running ond sliding Fitso -Americon Nolionol slqndord
lC 1 Close sliding fits are intended for the accurate location of parts which must assemble without perceptible play.RC 2 Sliding fits are intended for accurate location, but with greater maximum clearance than class RC L. parts
made to this fit move and turn easily but are not intended to run freely, and in the larger sizes may seize withsmall temperature changes.
RC 3 Precision running fits are about the closest fits which can be expected to run freely and are intended forprecision work at slow speeds and light journal pressures, but they are not suitable where appreciable tem-perature differences are likely to be encountered.
RC 4 Close running fits areintended chiefly for running fits on accurate machinery with moderate surface speedsand journal pressures, where accurate location and minimum play are desirôd.
Basic hole system. Limits are in thousandths of an inch.Limits for hole and shaft are applied algebraically to the basic size to obtain the limits of size for the parts.
Data in boldface are in accordance with ABC agreements.Symbols H5, 95, efc.,aÍe hole and shaft designations used in ABC System.
NominalSize Range,
inches
Over To
H.72
Cl¡ss RC I Class RC 2 Class RC 3 Class RC 4
L!)ogoàÊGl.E É)
FTU
0.1
0.45
StandardLimits ê9
.sEtrqt.= a)i rì
0.1
0.55
St¡ndardLimt'ts ê9
.sãCÉÉ.= 0)rr¡ (J
0.30.95
SfandardLimits ê9
.sEÊGt.= c)È¡ (J
0.31.3
SúandardLimits
HoleH5
+0.2
-0
Shaftg4
-0.1-0.25
HoleH6
+0.25
-0
Shaft
95
-0.1-0.3
HoleH7
+0.4
-0
Shaft16
-0.3-0.55
HoleH8
+0.6
-0
Shaftfl
-0.3-0.7
o.124.24 0.ls0.5
+0.2
-0-0.15-0.3
0.1s0.65
+0.3
-0-0.1s-0.35
0.4l.t2
+0.5
-0-0.4-0.7
0.41.6
+0.7
-0-0.4-0.9
o.244.40 0.20.6
+0.25
-0-0.2-0.35
0.20.85
+0.4
-0-0.2-0.4s
0.51.5
+0.6
-0-0.5-0.9
0.5
2.0
+0.9
-0-0.5-1.1
0.404.71 0.250.75
+0.3
-0-0.25-0.45
0.250.95
+0.4
-0-0.2s-0.55
0.6t7
+0.7
-0-0.ó-1.0
0.6
2.3+1.0
-0-0.6-1.3
0.77-t.r9 0.3
0.95+0.4
-0-0.3-0.55
0.31.2
+0.5
-0-0.3-0.7
0.82.L
+0.8
-0-0.8-1.3
0.8
2.8+1.2
-0-0.8-1.6
I.r9-1.97 0.41.1
+0.4
-0-0.4-0.7
0.41.4
+0.6
-0-0.4-0.8
1.0
2.6+1.0
-0-1.0-16
1.0
3.6
+16-0
-1.0-2.0
I.97-3.I5 0.41.2
+0.5-0
-0,4-0.7
0.4
1.6
+0.7
-0-0.4-0.9
1.23.1
+L.2
-0-12-1.9
1.24.2
+1.8
-0-1..2-2.4
3.154.73 0.51.5
+0.6
-0-0.5-0.9
0.52.0
+0.9
-0-0.5-tt
t.43.7
+1.4
-0-1.4-2.3
t45.0
J-t't
-0-14-2.8
4.73J.09 0.61.8
+0.7
-0-0.6-1.1
0.62.3
+1.0
-0-0.6-1.3
1.64.2
+1.6
-0-'..6-2.6
1.ó
5.7+2.5
-0-1.6-3.2
7.09-9.85 0.62.0
+0.8
-0-0.6-L2
0.62.6
+1.2
-0-0.6-1.4
2.05.0
+1.8
-0-2.0-4,
2.06.6
+2,8
-0-2.0-3.8
9.85-r2.4r 0.8
z.J+0.9
-0-0.8-1.4
0.82.9
+1.2
-0-0.8-r.7
2.5
5.7
+2.0
-0-2.5-J.t
2.5
7.5
+3.0
-0-2.5-4.5
12.41-15.75 1.02.7
+1.0
-0-1.0-'1.7
1.0
3.4
+L4-0
- 1.0
-2.03.06.6
+2.2
-0-3.0-4.4
3.08.7
+3.5
-0-3.0-5.2
'From ANSI 84.7-1967 (R1994). For larger diamerers, see the standard.
a24 Appendix
5 Running ond Sliding Fitso-Americon Nolionol Stondord (continued)RC 5IRC 6l Mediunt running fits are intended for higher running speeds, or heavy journal pressures, or both.
RC 7 Free running fits are intended for use where açÇuracy is not essential, or where large temperature variationsunder both these conditions.
RC BlRC 9l for use where wide commercial tolerances may be necessary, together with
ember.
04.t2
Class RC 5 Class RC 6 Class RC 8 Class RC 9
StandardLimits
Èq)o9..s õ.= q)
r-'. (J
0.6
2.2
StandardLimifs
1.0
2.6
HoleH8
+0.6
-0
Shaftel
-0.6-1.0
HoleTI9
+1.0
-0
Shafte8
-0.6-12
+1.0
-0-1.0-1.6
+1.6
-0-2.5-3-5
+2.5
-00.L24.24 0.8
2.0+0.7
-0-0.8-1.3
0.8
2.7+1.2
-0-0.8-1.5
t23.1
+12-0
-L2-1.9
2.85.8
+1.8
-0-2.E-4.0
4.5
9.0
+3.0
-0-4.5-6.0
0.244.40 1.0
2.5+0.9
-0-1.0-1.6
1.0
3.3
+1.4
-0-L.0-1.9
1.6
3.9+14-0
-1.6-2.5
3.06.6
J-t,
-0-3.0-4.4
5.0r0.7
+3.5
-0-5.0-7.2
0.4H.71 t,22.9
+1.0
-0-1.2-19
1.23.8
+L6-0
-1.,2-., .
2.04.6
+1.6
-0-2.0-3.0
3.57.9
+2.8
-0-3.5-5.1
6.0
72.8
+4.0
-0-6.0-8.8
0.71.-r.r9 1.6
3.6+1.2
-0-1.6-2.4
1.6
4.8
+2.0
-0-1.6-2,8
,,<
5.7+2.0
-0-2.5-3.7
4.510.0
+35-0
-4.5-6.5
7.0
15.s
+5.0
-0-7.0
-10.5r.79-t.97 2,0
4.6+1.6
-0-2.0-3.0
2.0
6,1
+25-0
-2.0-3.6
3.07.1
+2.5
-0-3.0-4.6
5.011.s
+4.0
-0-5.0-7.5
8.018.0
+6.0
-0-8.0
-12.0I.97-3.r5 2.5
5.5+1.8
-0-2,5-3.7
2.5
7.3
+3.0
-0_,E
-4.34.08.8
+3.0
-0-4.0-5.8
6.013.5
+4.5
-0-6.0-9.0
9.0
20.5
+7.0
-0-9.0
-13.53.1.54.73 3.0
6.6+2.2
-0-3.0-4.4
3.0
8.7+3.5
-0-3.0-s.2
5.010.7
+3.5
-0-5.0-7.2
7.015.5
+5.0
-0-7.0
-10.510.0
24.0
+9.0
-0-10.0-15.0
4.73-:7.09 3.57.6
+2,5
-0-3.5-5.1
3.5
10.0+4.0
-0-3.5-6.0
6.0x2.5
+4.0
-0-6.0-8.5
8.018.0
+6.0
-0-8.0
-x2.012.0
28.0
+10.0
-0-12.0-18.0
7.09-9.85 4.08.6
+2.8
-0-4.0-5.8
4.011.3
+4.5
-0-4.0-6.8
7.0
L4.3
+4.5
-0-7.0-9.8
10.021.5
+7.0
-0-10.0-t4s
15.0
34.0+t2.0-0
-15.0-22.0
9.85-t2.41 5.010.0
+3.0
-0-5.0-7.0
5.013.0
+5.0
-0-5.0-8.0
8.016.0
+5.0
-0-8.0
-11.0x¿.025.0
+8.0
-0-1:2.0-17.0
18.0
38.0
+x2.0
-0-18.0-26.0
12.4t-15.75 6.0rt.7
+3.5
-0-6.0-8.2
6.015.5
+6.0
-0-6.0-9.5
10.0
19.5
+6.0
-0-10.0
13.514.029.0
+9.0
-0-14.0-20.0
22.045.0
+14.0
-0-22.0-31.0
" F¡om ANSI B'4.7-1967 (R1994). For larger diameters, see the srandard.
Appendix a25
6 cleoronce Locotionor Fitso -Amer¡c.n Notionqr stqndord
fits are" assembled
n rromto the I arance fits
Limits for hole "n¿
rr,urt lrï;litt""atïtsJ: imirs orsize for rhe parrs.Data in boldface are in acc s.
Symbols H6, H5, etc', are hole and shaft designations used in ABC System.
:_l
¡ft
..0
'.6
.5
.0
.0
.2
.0
.8
.0
.5
.0
.0
.0
.5
.0
.0
.0
0
00
00
00
From ANSI 84.1-1967 (Rl994). For Ìarger diameters, see the standard.
Clans LC 2 Class LC 3 Class LC 4 Class LC 5
L€)ogsãËqtFr(J
01
StandardLimits o9
i3ãgd.= aJiu
02.6
StandardLinits
+0-0.2
Shafth6
+0-0.2s
HoleH8
+0.6
-0
Shafth7
+0-0.4
HoleH10
+1.6
-0
Shafth!)
+0
-1.0-0.1-0.350.I24.24 0
05+0.3
-0+0-0.2
0
0.8+0.5
-0+0-0.3
01.2
+0.7
-0+0-0.5
0
3.0+1.8
-0+0
-L.20.ls0.95
+0.5
-0-0.1s-0.4s0.244.40 0
0.65+0.4
-0+0-0.25
01.0
+0.6
-0+0-0.4
0
1.5+0.9
-0+0-0.6
03.6
J-'t ',
-0+0-1.4
0.2
1.2
+0.6
-0-0.2-0.60.4H..71 0
0.7+0.4
-0+0-0.3
01.1
+0.7-0
+0-0.4
01.7
+1.0
-0+0-0.7
04.4
+2.8
-0+0-1.6
0.251.3s
+0.7
-0-0.25-0.65
00.9
+0.5
-0+0-0.4
01.3
+0.8
-0+0-0.5
0,,
+1.2
-0+0-0.8
0
5.5+3.5
-0+0
-2.00.3
t6+0.8
-0-0.3-0.8t.L9-t.97 0
1.0
+0.6
-0+0-0.4
01.6
+1.0
-0+0-0.6
0
2.6+1.6
-0+0-1
0o.5
+4.0
-0+0-2,5
0.42.0
+1.0
-0-0.4-1.01.971.r5 0
1,2+0.7
-0+0-0.5
01,9
+L2-0
+0
-0.703
+1.8
-0+0-1^,2
07,5
+4.5
-0+0
-30.42.3
+L2-0
-0.4-1.1
3.154.73 0
1.5+0.9
-0+0-0.6
0
2.3+1.4
-0+0-0.9
03.6
)-', ',
-0+0-1.4
0
8.5+5.0
-0+0-J.5
0.52,8
+1.4
-0-0.5-1^44.73-7.09 0
L7+1.0
-0+0-0.7
02.6
+1.6
-0+0-1.0
0
4.1+2.5
-0+0-1.6
010
+ó.0
-0+0-4
0.6
3.2
+1.6
-0-0.6-1.6
7.09-9.8s 0
2.0+1.2
-0+0-0.8
03.0
+l.E-0
+0-1.2
04.6
+2.8
-0+0-1.8
0l1.s
+7.0
-0+0-4.5
0.6
3.6
+1.8
-0-0.6- 1.8
9.85-12.41 02,1
+1.2
-0+0-0.9
03.2
+2.0
-0+0-12
05
+3.0
-0+0-2.0
013.0
+8.0
-0+0-5
0.7
3.9+2.0
-0-0.7-L,9r'¿.4I-I5.75 0
2.4+1.4
-0+0-1.0
03.6
+2.2
-0+0
-1.40
5.7+3.5
-0+0-t',
015.0
+9.0
-0+0
-60.7
4.3+2.2
-00.2.
O.
0o00Joo
000=0g.
'no
o
I
3o--,o0
z0=0fgØ0
o0oo0J=coo
Class LC 6 Class LC 7 Class LC E Class LC 9 Class LC 10 Class LC 11
ølÉGlFT (J
0.31.9
StandardLimits ø2.ËË
.ãgi(J
0.63.2
StandardLimits ê9ø2
Èd.! aJ
H(J
1.03.6
StandardLimits =gøA
Ê6
'lo2,56.6
StandardLimits øa
.= q)
r(J
4t2
StandardLimits ø=
É€
5
t7
Standa¡dsLimits
HoleH9
+1.0
-0
Shaftt8
-0.3-0.9
HoleH10
+1.6
-0
Shafte9
-0.6-1.6
HoleH10
+1.6
-0
Shaftd9
-1.0-2.0
HoleH11
+2.5
-0
Shaftc10
-2.5-4.1
HoleIJtz
+4-0
Shaft
-4-8
HoleHl3
+6-0
Shaft
-5-11
0.12-0.24 0.42.3
+1.2
-0-0.4-1.1
0.83.8
+1.8
-0-0.8-2.0
1.24.2
+1.8
-0-1.2-2.4
2.87.6
+3.0
-0-2.8-4.6
4.5
14.5+5-0
-4.5-9.5
6
20+7-0
-6-13
0.24-0.40 0.5
2.8
+1.4
-0-0.5-14
1.0
4.6
Laa
-0-1.0-2.4
1.6
5.2
Lta
-0-1.6-3.0
3.08.7
+3.5
-0-3.0-5.2
5
t7+6-0
-5-11
725
+9
-0-7
-160.4È0.71 0.6
3.2+1.6
-0-0.6-1.6
L.25.0
+2.8
-0-1.2-2,8
2.06.4
+2.8
-0-2.0-3.6
3.510.3
+4.0
-0-3.5-6.3
620
+7-0
-6-13
8?a
+10
-0-8
-180.7l-t.t9 0.8
4.0
+2.0
-0-0.8-2.0
1.67.1
+3.5
-0-1.6-3.6
2.58.0
+3.5
-0-2.5-4.5
4.513.0
+5.0
-0-4.5-8.0
723
+8-0
-7-ls
1034
+12
-0-10-,,,,
1.19-1.97 1.05.1
+2.5
-0-1.0-2.6
2.08.5
+4.0
-0-2.0-4.5
3.0
9.s+4.0
-0-3.0-5.5
5
15
+6-0
-5-9
I28
+10
-0-8
-18t24
+16
-0-12-28
t.97-3.15 1.2
6.0+3.0
-0-L2-3.0
,E
10.0
+4.5
-0-2.5-5.5
4.011.5
+4.5
-0-4.0-7.0
6
17.5
+7-0
-6-10.5
10
34+12
-0-10-r',
14
50
+18
-0-t4-32
3.154.73 t.47.1
+3.5
-0-1.4-3.6
3.011.s
+5.0
-0-3.0-6.5
5.013.5
+5.0
-0-5.0-8.5
72t
+9
-0-7
-1211
39+14
-0-11-25
t660
+22
-0-16-3E
4.73-7.09 1.6
E.1
+4.0
-0-1.6-4.1
3.5
13.s
+6.0
-0-J.5-7.5
6.016.0
+6-0
-6-10
824
+10
-0-8
-14t24
+16
-0-t2-28
18
68
+25
-0-18-43
7.09-9.85 2.09.3
+4.5
-0-2.0-4.8
4.015.5
+7.0
-0-4.0-8.5
7.0l8.s
+7-0
-7-11.5
10
29+12
-0-10-17
16
52+18
-0-16-34
22
78
+7ß
-0-7t-50
9.85-].2.41 a)to.2
+5.0
-0_),-F'
4.5t7.s
+8.0
-0-4.5-9.5
7.020.0
+8-0
-7-12
l232
+12
-0-12-20
2060
+20
-0-20-40
?ß
88
+30
-0-28-58
12.41-15.75 2.5
t2.0+6.0
-0-ta-6.0
5.020.0
+9.0
-0-5
-118.0
23.0+9
-0-8-1|
1437
+14
-0-14-23
)t66
L,,
-0-))-M
30100
+35
-0-30-05
" From ANSI 84.1-1967 (Rl994). For larger diameters. see the standard.
0,, "nnf"?ixü'::!:"i:iä;:,îi::Ïìîåï:,""î:ti,ï:ä:and interference fits,for apprication where accuracy of rocarion is important,
e in thousandths of an inch.the mating parts.
us values).
0ao
õ'f
0o0=0fgTI
6o
I
lo=.oofz0=0fgU,
0looo
NominalSize Range,
inches
Over To
0-0.12
Class [T 1 Class LiT 2 Class IjT 3 Class LT 5 Class IjT 6
FÍt
-0.10+0.50
StandardLimits
F¡T
-0.2+0.8
StandardLimits
Fir
StandardLimits
Fif Fir
-0.5+0.15
Stand¡rdLimiÍs
Fit
-0.65+0.15
StandardLimits
HoleH7
+0.4
-0
Shaftjs6
+0.10
-0.10
HoleH8
+0.6
-0
Shaftjs7
+0.2
-0.2
HoleH7
Shafik6
HoleH8
Shaftk7
HoleH7
+0.4-0
Shaftnó
+0.5+0.2s
HoleH7
+0.4
-0
Shaftn7
+0.65+0.250124.24 -0.15
+0.65+0.5
-0+0.15
-0.15-0.25+0.95
+0.7
-0+0.25
-0.25
-0.7+0.8
-0s+0.9
-0.6+0.2
+0.5
-0+0.6+0.3
-0.8+0.2
+0.5
-0+0.8+0.3-0.2
+0.8+0.6
-0+0.2
-0.2-0.3+1.2
+0.9
-0+0.3
-0.3-0.5+0.5
+0.6
-0+0.5+0.1
+0.9
-0+0.7+0.1
-0.8+0.2
+0,6
-0+0.8+0.4
-1.0+0.2
+0.6
-0+1.0+0.4-0.2
+0.9+0.7
-0+0.2
-0.2-0.3s+1.35
+1.0
-0+0.35
-0.35-0.5+0.6
+0.7-0
+0.5+0.1
+l.tf-0
+0.8+0.1
-0.9+0.2
+0.7-0
+0.9+0.5
-1.2+0.2
+0.t-0
+1.2
-0.25+1.05
+0.8
-0+0.25
-0.25-0.4+1.6
+1.2
-0+0.4
-0.4-0.6+0.7
+0.8
-0+0.6+0.1
-0.9+1.1
-lJ+1.5
-13+1.7
+1.2
-0+0.9+0.1
-1.1+0.2
+0.8
-0+1.1+0.6
-1.4+0.2
+0.8
-0+1.4+0.6-0.3
+1.3+1.0
-0+0.3
-0.3-0.5+2.1
+1.6
-0+0.5
-0.5-0.7+0.9
+1.0
-0+0.7+0.1
+1.6
-0+l.l+0.1
-1.3+0.3
+1.0
-0+1.3+0.7
-1.7+0.3
+1.0
-0+l.t+0.7-0.3
+1.5+1.2
-0+0.3
-0.3-0.6+2.4
+l.E-0
+0.6
-0.6-0.8+1.1
+1.2
-0+0.8+0.1+1"0+0.1
+1.8
-0+1.3+0.1
- 1.5+0.4
+1.2
-0+1.5+0.8
-2.0+0.4
+1.2
-0+2.0+0.8-0.4
+1.8+1.4
-0+0.4
-0.4-0.7+2.9
+2.2
-0+0.7
-0.7- 1.0+1.3
+1.4
-0+1.6
-0+1S-0
- 1.5+2.1
+2.2
-0+1.5+0.1
-1.9+0.4
+1.4
-0+1.9+1.0
-2.4+0.4
+t4-0
+2.4+1.04.73-7.09 -0.5
+2.1+1.6
-0+0.5
-0.5-0.8+3.3
+2.5
-0+0.8
-0.8-1.1+1.5
+1.1+0.1
-1.7+2.4
+2.5
-0+17+0.1
_aa
+0.4+1.6
-0+2.2+1.2
-2.8+0.4
+1.6
-0+2.8+1.27.09-9.85 -0.6
+2.4+1.8
-0+0.6
-0.6-0.9+3.7
+2.8
-0+0.9
-0.9-1.4+1.6
+1.4+0.2
-2.0+2.6
+2.8
-0+2.0+0.2+2.2+0.2
-2.6+0.4
+1.8
-0+2.6+1.4
-3.2+0.4
+1.8
-0+3.2+1.4-0.6
+2.6+2.0
-0+0.6
-0.6-1.0+4.0
+3.0
-0+1.0
-1.0-7.4+1.8
+2.0
-0+1.4+0.2
_,,.+2.8
+3.0
-0-2.6+0.6
+2.0-0
+2.6+1.4
-3.4+0.6
+2.0
-0+3.4
-0.7+2.9
+r.,-0
+0.7
-0.7-1.0+4.5
+3.5
-0+1.0
-1.0-1.6+2.0
+2.2
-0+1.6+0.2
-2.4+3.3
+3.5
-0+2.4+0.2
-3.0+0.6
+2.2
-0+3.0+1.6
-3.E+0.6
!ta
-0+3.8+1.6'From ANSI B4.t-1967 (F.lgg4). For larger diameters, see the standard.
a28 Appendix
lnlerference Locolionol Filso-Americon Notionol SlondordLN Locational interference fits are used where accuracy of location is of prime importance and for parts requir-ing rigidity and alignment with no special requirements for bore pressure. Such fits are not intended for partsdesigned to transmit frictional loads from one part to another by virtue of the tightness of fit, as these condi-tions are covered by force fits.
Basic hole system. Limits are in thousandths of an inch.Limits for hole and shaft are applied algebraically to the basic size to obtain the limits of size for the parts.
Data in boldface are in accordance with ABC agreements.Symbols H7,p6,etc., are hole and shaft designations used in ABC System.
NominalSize Range,
inches
Over To
H.r2
Class LN 1 Class LN 2 Class LN 3
o)o
Eg.€ÊÉq)
00.45
StandardLimits
€)I
TE.¡3 €tq)¡lÈ
00.65
StandardLimits
(¡)I
Eg.É*Êo)FlÈ
0.10.7s
StandardL¡mifs
HoleH6
+0.25
-0
Shaftn5
+0.45+0.2s
HoleH7
+0.4
-0
Shaftp6
+0.65+0.4
HoleH7
+0.4
-0
Shaft¡6
+0.75+0.5
0.124.24 0
0.5
+0.3
-0+0.5+0.3
00.8
+0.5
-0+0.8+0.5
0.10.9
+0.5+0
+0.9+0.6
0.2H.40 00.65
+0.4
-0+0.65+0.4
01.0
+0.6
-0+1.0+0.6
0.2t2
+0.6
-0+1.2+0.8
0.40-0.71 0
0.8
+0.4
-0+0.8+0,4
01.1
+0.7
-0+1.1+0.7
0.31.4
+0.7
-0+t4+1.0
0.17-t.t9 01.0
+0.5
-0+1.0+0.5
0
1.3
+0.8
-0+1.3+0.8
0.4t7
+0.8
-0+L.7+1.2
t.r9-r.97 01.1
+0.6
-0+1.1+0.6
0L6
+1.0
-0+1.6+1.0
0.42.0
+1.0
-0+2.0+L4
1.97-i.r5 0.1
1.3
+0.7
-0+1.3+0.7
0.22.1
+1,2
-0+2,1+1.4
0.42.3
+1.2
-0+2,3+1.6
3.r54.73 0.1
1.6
+0.9
-0+1.6+1.0
0.22.5
+1.4
-0+2.5+1.6
0.62.9
+t.4-0
+2,9+2.0
4.73-7.09 0.2L.9
+1.0
-0+1.9+12
0.22.8
+1.6
-0+2.8+1.8
0.93.5
+1.6
-0+3.5+2.5
7.09-9.85 0.22.2
+12-0
+2.2+1.4
0.23,2
+1.8
-0+3.2+2.0
1.24,2
+1.8
-0+4.2+3.0
9.85-12.41 0.22.3
+1.2
-0+2.3+14
0.23.4
+2.0
-0+3.4+2.2
1.54.7
+2.0
-0+4.7+3.5
u F¡om ANSI B4.I-1967 (R1994). For larger diameters, see the standard.
Class FlrI l I Chss FN 2 Cl¡ss F1\[ 3 Class Fft 4 | Chss FN 5a¡IrãleeEf 6¡
'î Êt
0.050.5
StandardLimits
cI
IEieeÊl É¡
ÊÊ0.20.85
SfandardLimits
í)I,:r õseEC¡
¡¡Ë
SúandardLimits
0.30.95
€)I
EEe€Ê€¡FlÈ
0.31.3
HoleH6
+0.25-0
Shaft
+0.5+0.3
HoleH7
+0.4
-0
Shafts6
+0.85+0.6
HoleH7
HoleH7
+0.4
-0+0.95+0.70.124.24 0.1
0.6+0.3
-0+0.6+o.4
0.21.0
+0.5
-0+1.0+0.7
0.41.2
+0.5
-0+1.2+0.9
051.7
+0.7-0
+1.7+t20.244.40 0.1
0.7s+0.4
-0+0.75+0.5
0.41.4
+0.6
-0+1.4+1.0
0.61.6
+0.6
-0+1.6+12
0.52.0
+0.9
-0+2.0+1 Â0.4H.56 0.1
0.8+0.4
-0+0.8+0.5
0.51.6
+0.7
-0+1.6+1.2
0.71.8
+0.7
-0+1.8+1.4
0.62.3
+1.0
-0+2.3+1.60.5ffi.71 0.2
0.9+0.4
-0+0.9+0.6
0.51.6
+0.7
-0+1.6+1.2
0.71.8
0.E2.1
1.023
+0.7-0
+1.8+1.4
0.82.5
+1.0
-0+2.5+1.8
0.95-1.19
0.21.1
+05-0
+1.1+0.7
0.61.9
+0.8
-0+1.9+L4 +0.8
-0+2.1+1.6
1.03.0
+1.2-0
+3.0+2.20.3
L2+0.5
-0+1.2+0.8
0.61.9
+0.8
-0+1.9+L4
0.E
2.1+0.E
-0+2.1+1.6
+0.8
-0+2.3+1.8
1.33.3
+1.2
-0+3.3+2.51.19-1.58 0.3
1.3
+0.6
-0+1.3+0.9
0.82.4
+1.0
-0+2.4+l.E
1.02.6
+1.0
-0+2.6+2.0
1.5
3.1+1.0
-0+3.1+2.5
t44.0
+1.6
-0+4.0+3.0' ANSI 84.1-1 9ó7 (Rl994)
k-H.tØ
duce more or less permanent assemblies. They are suitable for thin sec-
k fits on light sections. They are about the tightest fits that can be used
s in medium sections.
for shrink fits where the heavy pressing forces required are impractical.
Limits for hole and .n^r, lTData of size for the parts.
Symbols H7, em.
1'l0c)o0
oU,
=.f.tt
(t,o
I
3o=,o0fz0=ogv,0ao0o
Class Fl\I1 Cl¡ss FN 2 Class tr]\I3 Class Fl\I4 Cless trN 5oe¡
ËEø .91.ËEÉl c)
F¡È
0.4r.4
StandardLimits
o)9
EE.sËÉq)FlÈ
0.82.4
SfandardLimits
€)(J
1:a)EEÉ (¡¡
FlË
1.2
2.8
StandardLimits
o)I
EEEEÉq)FlË
1.83.4
StandardLimits
q¡I
ËE.s€El o
2.45.0
StandardLimits
HoleH6
+0.6
-0
Shaft
+1.4-1.0
HoleH7
+1.0
-0
Shafts6
+2.4+1.8
HoleH7
+1.0
-0
Shaftr6
+2.8-L) ''
HolelÐ+1.0
-0
Shaftu6
+3.4+2.8
HoleH8
+1.6
-0
Shaftx7
+5.0+4.0
1.972.56 0.6
1.8
+0.7
-0+1.8+1.3
0.8
2.7+L2-0
+2.7+2.0
1.3
3.2+12-0
+3.2+25
tl4.2
+t.2-0
+4.2+3.5
3.26.2
+1.8
-0+6.2+5.0
2.5Ç3.',ts 0.7
t.9+0.7
-0+1.9+1.4
1.02.9
+1.2
-0+2.9+2.2
1.8
3.7+1.2
-0+3.7+3.0
2.8
4.7+1.2
-0+4.7+4.0
4.2,f,
+1.8
-0+7.2+6.0
3.75-3.94 0.924
+0.9
-0+2.4+1.8
1.43.7
+1.4
-0+3.7+2.8
2.14.4
+1.4
-0+4.4+3.5
3.6s.9
+1.4
-0+5.9+5.0
4.8E.4
+2.2
-0+8.4+7.0
3.944.73 1.1
2.6+0.9
-0+2.6+2.0
1.ó
3.9+1.4-0
+3.9+3.0
2.64.9
+1.4
-0+4.9+4.0
4.66.9
+1.4
-0+6.9+6.0
5.89.4
+2.2
-0+9.4+8.0
4.73-5.52 1.22.9
+1.0
-0+2.9+2.2
1.94.5
+1.6
-0+4.5+3.5
3.46.0
+1.6
-0+6.0+5.0
5.48.0
+1.6
-0+E.0+7.0
7.5
Lt6+2.5
-0+11.6+10.0
5.52-6.30 1.5
3.2+1.0
-0+3.2+2.5
2.45.0
+1.6-0
+5.0+4.0
3.46.0
+1.6
-0+6.0+5.0
5.48.0
+1.6
-0+8.0+7.0
9.513.6
+2,5
-0+13.6+12.0
6.30-7.09 1.83.5
+1.0
-0+3.5+2.8
2.95.5
+1.6
-0+5.5+4.5
4.47.0
+1.6
-0+7.0+6.0
6.49.0
+1.6
-0+9.0+8.0
9.s13.6
+2.5
-0+13.ó+x¿.0
7.09-7.88 1.8
3.8
+1.2
-0+3.8+3.0
3.26.2
+1.8
-0+6.2+5.0
5.28.2
+1.8
-0+8.2+7.0
7.210.2
+1.8
-0+10.2+9.0
lt215.8
+2.8
-0+15.8+14.0
7.88-8.86 2.3
4.3
+1.2
-0+4.3+3.5
3.26.2
+1.8
-0+6.2+5.0
5.28.2
+1.8
-0+8.2+7.0
8.2tt.2
+1.8
-0+1L.2+10.0
13.2
17.8
+2.8
-0+17.8+16.0
8.86_9.85 2343
+t.2-0
+4.3+3.5
4.27.2
+1.8
-0+7.2+6.0
6.29.2
+1.8
-0+9.2+8.0
10.213.2
+1.8
-0+13.2+12.0
t3.217.8
+2.8
-0+17.8+16.0
9.85-11.03 2.8
4.9
+1.2
-0+4.9+4.0
4.07.2
+2.0
-0+7.2+6.0
7.0
r0.2+2.0
-0+10.2+9.0
10.0
13.2
+2.0
-0+t3.2+12.0
ls.020.0
+3.0
-0+20.0+18.0
11.03-12.4I 2.8
4.9
+1.2
-0+4.9+4.0
5.08.2
+2.0
-0+8.2+7.0
7.0r0.2
+2.0
-0+10.2+9.0
L2.0
15.2
+2.0
-0+15.2+14.0
17.0
22.0+3.0
-0+22.0+20.0
12.47-13.98 3.15.5
+1.4
-0+5.5+4.5
5.89.4
+2.2
-0+9.4+8.0
7.8
lt4-1,, .,
-0+11.4+10.0
13.8t7.4
-)-) )-0
+I7.4+16.0
18.54.2
+3.5+0
+4.2+22.0
'tl0000Joth
-i,
'l'l
lÐ
I
30-1,o0az0=0f9.U)
0Jo0oooa=c0o
' From ANSI 8,4.1-1967 (Rf 994). For larger diameters, see the standard.
Basic Sizes
Ove¡
0
3
6
10
18
30
50
80
120
180
2s0315
400
500
630
800
1000
1250
r600
2000
2500
Up toånd
Including
J
6
10
18
30
50
80
720
180
250
315
400
500
630
800
1000
1250
1 600
2000
25U)3150
ITOI
0.0003
0.0004
0.0004
0.000s
0.0006
0.0006
0.0008
0.001
0.0012
0.002
0.002s
0.003
0.004
0.0045
0.005
0.005s
0.0065
0.008
0.009
0.01 1
0.013
ITO
0.0005
0.0006
0.0006
0.0008
0.001
0.001
0.0012
0.0015
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.009
0.011
0.013
0.015
0.018
IT1
0.0008
0.001
0.001
0.0012
0.0015
0.0015
0.002
0.002s
0.0035
tT2
0.0012
0.0015
0.0015
0.002
0.0025
0.0025
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.007
0.008
0.009
0.010
0.011
0.013
0.015
0.018
0.021
0.025
0.030
0.036
IT3
0.002
0.0025
0.0025
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.008
0.010
0.012
0.013
0.015
0.0t 6
0.018
0.02r
0.024
0.029
0.035
0.041
0.050
IT4
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.010
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.018
o.020
0.022
0.025
0.029
0.034
0.040
0.048
0.057
0.069
IT5
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.008
0.009
0.011
0.013
0.0r50.018
0.020
0.023
0.02-s
0.027
0.030
0.03-5
0.040
0.046
0.054
0.065
o.077
0,093
IT6
0.006
0.008
0.009
0.011
0.013
0.016
0.019
0.022
0.025
0.029
0.032
0.036
0.040
0.044
0.050
0.056
0.066
0.078
0.092
0.110
0.135
IT7
0.010
0.012
0.015
0.018
o.021
0.025
0.030
0.035
0.040
0.046
0.052
0.057
0.063
0.070
0.080
0.090
0.105
0.t250.150
0.175
0.210
rTE
0.014
0.018
0.022
0.o27
0.033
0.039
0.046
0.054
0.063
0.o72
IT9
0.025
0.030
0.036
0.043
o.052
0.062
0.074
0.087
0.100
0.1 t50.130
0.140
0.r55
0.I750.200
0.230
0.260
0.310
0.370
0.440
0.540
ITlO
0.040
0.048
0.058
0.070
0.084
0.100
0.1200.140
0.160
0.185
0.210
0.230
0.250
0.280
0.320
0.360
0.420
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.860
IT11
0.060
0.07s
0.090
0.1 10
0.130
0.160
0.190
0.220
0.250
0.290
03200.360
0.400
0.440
0.-500
0.560
0.660
0.780
0.920
r.100
1.350
Írt2
0.100
0.1200.1s0
0.180
o.210
0.250
0.300
0.350
0.400
0.460
0.520
0.570
0.630
0.700
0.800
0.900
1.050
1.250
1.500
1.750 I
2.100 I
IT13
0.140
0.180
0.220
0.270
0.330
0.390
0.4600.540
0.630
0.720
0.810
0.890
0.970
1.100
1.250
1.400
1.650
1.950
23ml2.800 I
3.3rn I
tr14
0.250
0.300
0.3ó0
0.430
0.5200.620
0.740
0.870
1.000
r.150
0.400
0.480
0.580
0.700
0.840
1.000
t.2M1.400
1.600
1.850
2.1m2.300
ITT5 I rT16
0.600
0.750
0.900
1.100
1.300
1.600
1.900
2.200
2.500
29U)3.200
3.600
4.000
4.400
5.000
5.600
6.600
7.800
9.200
11.000
13.500u From ANSI 8,4.2-1978 (P.1gg4
Dimensions are in millimeters.
" rrom ANSI 84.2-1978 (R 1994).
;ìiJ1]iîiyLtï1,::ï* grades íarger than rr16 can be catculatcd by using rhe formulas:rr17 : rr x 10.
o
fo
0=oq
g'ooJoo0oooo
o
q,
útN
Dimensions are in millimeters.
Loose Running
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMinMaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMinMaxMin
BasicSize >;
JOqõ
8PJ*
Ã'o
009o'sõ'9oJAoäo6'oo
oo0foo-rt
6o
I
Fif
12
1.6
0.0160.000
0.0160.000
0.0160.000
0.0160.000
0.0160.000
0.0160.000
0.0200.000
0.0200.000
0.0200.000
2.5
10
12
t6
20
0.0240.000
0.0240.000
0.0290.000
0.0290.000
0.0340.000
0.0340.000
0.0340.000
30
HoleHl1
1.060
1.060
1.2601.200
1.660
1.600
2.0602.000
2.5602.500
3.0603.000
4.0754.000
5.07s5.000
6.0756.000
8.0908.000
10.090
10.000
12.11012.0M
16.110
16.000
20.13020.000
25.13025.000
30.13030.000
0.9400.880
I.1401.080
1.5401.480
1.9401.880
2.4402.380
2.9402.880
3.9303.85s
4.9304.855
5.9305.85s
7.9207.830
9.9209.830
11.905
17.795
15.905
15.795
19.890
19.760
24.89024.760
29.89029.760
Ftr
0.1800.060
0.1800.060
0.1800.060
0.1800.060
0.1800.060
0.1800.060
0.2200.070
0.2200.070
0.2200.070
0.2600.080
0.2600.080
0.315
0.095
0.315
0.095
0.3700.110
0.3700.110
0.3700.110
7.02s1.000
1.22s
7.2M
L.62s
r.600
2.0252.000
2.5252.500
3.0253.000
4.0304.000
s.0305.000
16.04316.000
20.05220.000
25.05225.000
30.05230.000
6.0306.000
8.0368.000
10.036
10.000
12.04312.000
0.9800.955
1.1801.155
1.580
1.555
1.980
1.955
2.4802.45s
2.9802.95s
3.9703.940
4.9704.940
5.9705.940
19.93519.883
24.93524.883
29.93529.883
7.9607.924
9.9609.924
11.95071.907
15.95015.907
0.0700.020
0.0700.020
0.0700.020
0.0700.020
0.0700.020
0.0700.020
0.0900.030
0.0900.030
0.0900.030
0.1120.040
0.1120.040
0.7360.050
0.1360.050
0.1690.065
0.7690.06s
7.0141.000
1.2I41.200
1..614
1.600
2.0I42.W0
12.000
76.027
16.000
20.03320.000
25.03325.0æ
30.03330.000
5.000
ó.0186.000
8.U28.000
70.022
10.000
12.027
17
0.9940.984
I.1941.184
L.5941.584
1.9947.984
2.4942.484
2.9942.984
3.9903.978
4.9904.978
5.9905.978
7.9877.972
9.9879.972
77.9841r.966
15.984
15.966
19.980
19.9s9
24.98024.9s9
29.98029.959
Ftr
0.0300.006
0.0300.036
0.0300.006
0.0300.006
0.0300.006
0.0300.006
0.0400.010
0.0400.010
0.0400.010
0.0500.013
0.0500.013
0.0610.016
0.061
0.016
0.0740.020
0.0740.020
0.0740.020
1.010
1.000
1.21,0
r.200
1.610
1.600
2.0102.000
2.5t02.500
3.0103.000
4.0124.000
5.0I25.000
6.0L26.000
8.0158.000
10.01510.000
12.01812.000
16.018
16.000
20.02120.000
25.02725.000
30.02730.000
0.998
0.992
1.198
7.192
1.598
1.592
1.998
1.992
2.4982.492
2.9982.992
3.9963.988
4.9964.988
5.9965.988
7.995
19.99319.980
24.99324.980
29.99329.980
7.986
9.995
9.986
11.99411.983
15.99415.983
Fir
0.0i80.002
0.0180.002
0.0180.o02
0.0180.002
0.0180.002
0.0180.002
0.0240.004
0.0240.004
0.0240.004
0.0290.005
o.0290.005
0.0350.006
0.0350.006
0.041
0.007
0.0410.007
0.0410.007
1.010
1.000
1.210r.2M
1.610
1.600
2.0LO
2.W0
2.5I02.500
3.0103.000
4.0724.000
5.0125.000
6.0126.000
8.0158.000
10.015
10.000
72.01812.000
16.018
16.000
20.02720.000
25.0212s.000
30.02730.000
1.000
0.994
L.2007.194
1.600
1.594
2.000I.994
2.5002.494
3.0002.994
4.0003.992
5.0004.992
6.0005.992
8.0007.991
10.000
9.991
12.0{n11.989
16.000
15.989
20.00019.987
25.00024.987
30.00029.987
u F¡o¡n ANSI B,4.2-tg7},*rnn4r.ao. O
\r\r77rrr. rur usùçrrptruil ut plglErrgu Ilts. see laDle lz.z.
Dimensions are in millimeters.
a From ANSI 84.2-1978 (R1994). For description of preferred fits, see Täble 12.2.
BasicSize
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
40
50
60
80
100
r20
160
200
250
300
400
500
Loose Running Flee Running Close Running Sliding Locstional ClearanceHoleH11
40.r6040.000
50.16050.000
60.19060.000
80.19080.000
t00.220100.000
120.220120.000
160.250160.000
200.290200.000
250.290250.000
300.320300.000
400.360400.000
500.400500.000
Shaftcl1
39.88039.720
49.87049.710
59.86059.670
79.95079.660
99.83099.610
tI9.820119.600
r59.790i59.540
r99.760I99.470
249.720249.430
299.670299.350
399.600399.240
499.520499.I20
Fir
0.4400.120
0.4500.130
0.5200.140
0.5300.r 50
0.6100.170
0.6200.180
0.7100.2t0
0.8200.240
0.8600.280
0.9700.330
t.1200.400
t.2800.480
HoleH9
40.06240.000
50.06250.000
60.07460.000
80.07480.000
100.087
100.000
720.087
120.000
160.100
160.000
200.175200.000
250.115
250.000
300.130300.000
400.140400.000
s00.15s500.000
Shaftd9
39.92039.858
49.92049.858
59.90059.826
79.90079.826
99.88099.793
119.880
1t9.793
159.855
ts9.755
199.830
t99.715
249.830249.7t5
299.8t0299.680
399.790399.650
499.770499.615
F¡t
0.2040.080
0.2040.080
0.2480.100
0.2480.100
0.2940.t20
0.2940.L20
0.3450.145
0.4000.170
0.4000.170
0.4500.190
0.4900.2r0
0.540o.230
40.03940.000
50.03950.000
60.04660.000
80.04680.000
i00.054100.000
t20.054120.000
160.063
160.000
200.072200.000
250.072250.000
300.081
300.000
400.089400.000
500.097500.üx)
Shaftfl
39.97539.950
49.97549.950
59.97059.940
79.97079.940
99.96499.929
r19.9641t9.929
t59.957ts9.917
199.950r99.904
249.950249.904
299.944299.892
399.938399.881
499.932499.869
Fir
0.0890.025
0.0890.025
0.1060.030
0.1060.030
0.t250.036
0.1250.036
o.t460.043
0.1680.050
0.1680.050
0.1890.056
0.2080.062
0.2280.068
40.02540.000
50.02550.000
60.03060.000
80.03080.000
100.035
100.000
120.035
120.000
160.000160.000
200.046200.000
250.046250.000
300.052300.000
400.057400.000
500.063500.000
Shaft
96
39.99139.975
49.99I49.975
59.99059.971
79.99079.971
99.98899.966
119.988I19.966
159.986159.961
199.985
199.956
249.985249.956
299.983299.95r
399.982399.946
499.980499.940
Ftt
0.0500.009
0.0500.009
0.0590.010
0.0590.010
0.0690.012
0.0690.012
0.0790.014
0.0900.015
0.0900.015
0.101
0.017
0.111
0.018
0.r230.020
40.02540.000
50.02550.000
60.03060.000
80.03080.000
100.035
100.000
120.035
120.000
160.040160.000
200.046200.000
250.046250.000
300.052300.000
400.057400.000
500.063500.000
h6
40.00039.984
50.00049.984
60.00059.981
80.00079.98r
100.000
99.978
120.0001L9.978
160.000r59.975
200.000199.971
250.000249.97t
300.000299.968
400.000399.964
500.000499.960
Fir
0.041
0.000
0.041
0.000
0.0490.000
0.0490.000
0.057
0.000
0.057
0.000
0.0650.000
0.075
0.000
0.075
0.000
0.0840.000
0.093
0.000
0.1030.000
>3loõo
8ßJ--1Íoõ'õ'
sügõ'OofÃoõ0õ'dg
iqlotdb9o.llvõ'
i
Dimensions are in millimeters.N
>!rdqd'
8P2SÍo==.00o_d
9õ'9xoõ0õ'õ.=
0a9.
=oa0fo=o
oo
o0'Ì1
o0
I
1 MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMinMaxMinMaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMinMaxMin
5
6
1.2
1.6
2
2.5
4
J
8
10
t2
16
20
25
30
Force
5.0r25.000
6.0t26.000
8.0158.000
i0.01510.000
12.0L812.000
16.018
16.000
20.081
20.000
25.02125.000
30.02130.000
Shaft- l
k6
1.006
1.000
t.2061.200
1.606
1.600
2.0062.000
2.5062500
3.0063.000
4.0094.001
5.0095.001
6.0096.001
8.0108.001
10.01010.001
12.0t2t2.00tt6.0r216.001
20.015
20.002
25.01525.002
30.01530.002
0.011
-0.0090.011
-0.0090.011
-0.0090.014
-0.0100.014
-0.0100.017
2.5t02.500
3.0103.000
4.0t24.000
5.0t25.000
6.0t26.000
8.0158.000
10.015
10.000
12.018
12.000
16.018
16.000
20.02r20.000
25.02125.000
30.02130.000
1.010 |
I
1.004 I
1.210r.204
1.610t.604
2.0102.004
2.5102.504
3.0103.004
4.0164.008
5.0165.008
6.0166.008
8.019
8.010
i0.01910.010
72.02312.012
t6.02316.072
20.02820.015
25.02825.015
30.02830.01-5
Flr
0.006
-0.0100.006
-0.0100.006
-0.0100.006
-0.0100.006
-0.0100.006
"-0.010
0.004
-0.0160.004
-0.0160.004
-0.0160.005
-0.0190.005
-0.0i90.006
-0.0230.006
-0.0230.006
-0.0280.006
-0.0280.006
-0.028
3.0103.000
4.0r24.000
5.0t25.000
6.Or26.000
8.015
8.000
10.015
10.000
12.07812.000
16.01816.000
20.02120.000
25.02125.000
30.02130.000
2.0r22.006
2.5722.506
3.O123.006
4.0204.012
s.0205.Or2
6.0206.0t2
8.0248.015
r0.02410.015
t2.02912.0r8
16.02916.018
20.03520.022
2s.03525.022
30.03530.022
0.004
-0.0120.004
-0.0r20.000
-0.0200.000
-0.0200.000
-0.0200.000
-0.0240.000
-0.o240.000
-0.0290.000
-0.029
-0.001-0.035
-0.001-0.035
-0.001-0.03-5
H7
1.010
1.000
L2l0t.200
1.6101.600
2.0102.000
2.5rO2.500
3.0103.000
4.0t24.000
5.0125.000
8.015
8.000
10.015
10.000
12.018
12.000
16.018
16.000
20.021.
20.000
25.021,
25.000
30.02130.000
6.0126.000
2.014
25202.574
3.0203.0r4
4.0274.0t9
5.0275.019
6.O27
6.019
8.0328.023
r0.o32t0.023
12.039t2.028
16.039
16.028
20.04820.035
25.0482s.035
30.04830.035
Fir
-0.004-0.020
-0.004-0.020
-0.004-0.020-0.004-0.020
-0.004-0.020
-0.004-0.020-0.007-0.027
-0.007-0.027
-0.007-o.027
-0.008-0.032
-0.008
HoleH7
1.010
1.000
r.2701.2m
1.6101.600
z.ol02.000
2.5t02500
3.0103.000
6.Ot26.000
8.015
8.000
10.015
10.000
4.0t24.000
5.0r25.000
7.O24
1.018
t.2241.2I8
t.6241.618
2.0242.0t82.5242.518
3.O243.018
4.031
4.023
5.0315.023
6.0316.023
8.0378.028
L0.03710.028
12.O44
12.033
76.O44
16.033
20.05420.047
25.06r25.048
30.06130.048
Ftr.
-0.008-o.024
-0.008-0.o24
-0.008-0.o24
-0.008-0.o24-0.008-o.o24
-0.008-0.024
-0.011-0.031
-0.011-0.031
-0.011-0.031
-0.013-0.037
-0.013-0.037
-0.015-0.044
-0.015-0.044
-0.020-0.054
-0.027-0.061
-0.027-0.061
nFrom ANSI 84.2-ï978 (R1994).
Dimensions are in millimeters.
N
>3lo0dsRzSãoõ'õ'
e.ágõ'9oJôoõ0õ'
a00f^a=o=Jo!
=0a00fc)o11
ID0
I
BasicSize
40
50
60
80
100
t20
200
300
400
500
160
250
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMinMaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
Loc¡tional Ïhamn. Loc¡tion¡l Ïlansn. Locational Interf. Medium Drive Forcc
H7Hole
40.02540.000
50.02550.000
60.03060.000
80.03080.000
100.035
100.000
120.035
120.000
160.040160.000
200.M6200.000
250.046250.000
300.052300.000
400.0572100.000
500.063500.000
40.01840.002
50.01850.002
60.o2160.002
80.021
80.002
100.025
100.003
120.025120.003
160.028
160.003
200.033200.ffi4
0.028
-0.02t0.028
-0.02t0.032
-0.02s0.032
-0.0250.037
-0.0280.042
-0.0330.042
-0.0330.048
-0.0360.0s3
-0.M00.058
-0.045
I 40.O2s
40.000
50.025
50.000
60.03060.000
80.03080.000
100.035
100.000
120.035
120.000
160.040
160.000
2W.046200.000
250.046250.000
300.052300.000
400.057400.ffn
500.063 t
s00.0001
I ShÐftn6
40.03340.0r7
50.03350.017
60.03960.020
80.03980.020
100.045
l0[.023
120.M5t20.o23
160.052
160.027
200.060200.031
250.060
Flr
0.08
-0.0330.008
-0.0330.010
-0.0390.010
-0.0390.012
-0.0450.012
-0.0450.013
-0.0520.015
-0.0600.015
-0.0600.018
-0.0660.020
-0.o730.023
-0.080
HoleH7
40.02540.000
50.o2550.000
60.03060.000
80.03080.000
100.035
100.000
120.035
120.000
160.040160.000
200.046200.000
250.046250.000
300.052
Shaftp6
40.04240.026
50.04250.026
60.051
60.032
80.05i80.032
100.059
100.037
I20.059120.o37
160.068
160.043
200.o79200.050
250.079250.050
300.088300.056
400.098400.062
500.108500.068
Fir
-0.001-0.042
-0.001-0.042
-0.002-0.051
-0.002-0.051
-0.002-0.0s9
-0.002-0.059-0.003-0.068
-0.004-0.o79
-0.004-0.079
-0.004-0.088
-0.005-0.098
-0.005-0.108
I HolelH7
40.02540.000
50.o2550.000
60.03060.000
80.03080.000
100.035
100.000
120.035
120.000
160.040160.000
200.046200.000
250.046250.000
300.052300.000
400.057400.000
500.063500.000
I Shsftl.eI
40.05940.o43
50.05950.043
60.07260.053
80.07880.059
100.093
100.071
I20.lDtr20.o79
160.I2s160.100
2W.r5r200.122
250.t69250.140
Flr
-0.018-0.059
-0.018-0.0s9
-0.023-0.072
-0.029-0.078
-0.036-0.093
-0.ûl4-0.101
-0.060-o.725
-0.076-0.151
-0.094-0.169
-0.118-0.202
-0.151-0.244
-0.189-0.292
40.02540.000
50.02550.000
60.03060.000
80.03080.000
100.035
100.000
120.035
120.000
160.040160.000
2W.046200.000
250.U6250.000
300.052
40.07640.060
50.08650.070
60.10660.087
80.121
80.102
100.146
Im..n4120-166t20.144
t60.215160.190
2æ.265200.236
250.313
Flr
-0.035-0.o76
-0.045-0.086
-0.057-0.106
-0.o72-0.12t-0.089-0.146
-0.109-0.166
-0.150-o.21s
-0.190-o.265
-0.238-0.313
-0.298-0.382
-0.378-o.47I-o.477-0.580
From ANSI 84.2-197 8 (R194).
Dimensions are in millimeters.
Holec11
7.I201.060
1.3201.260
t.7201.660
2.L202.060
2.6202.560
3.1203.060
4.1454.O70
5.1455.070
6.1456.070
8.1708.080
to.t7010.080
12.20512.095
t6.20516.09s
20.24020.t10
25.24025.tL}30.24030.110
1.000
0.940
Lzn0.140
1.600
0.540
2.0æ1.940
2.5002.403.0002.940
4.0003.925
5.0004.925
6.0005.925
8.0007.9t0
10.000
9.910
12.000
11.890
16.00015.890
20.00019.870
25.00024.870
30.00029.870
Flr
0.1800.060
0.1800.060
0.1800.060
0.1800.060
0.1800.060
0.1800.060
0.2200.070
0.2200.070
0.2200.070
o.2600.080
0.2600.080
0.3150.095
0.3150.095
0.3700.110
0.3700.110
0.3700.110
1.045
1.020
1.2457.220
L.g51.620
2.0452.020
2.5452.s20
3.0453.020
4.0604.O30
5.0605.030
6.0606.030
8.0768.040
L0.o76
10.040
12.09312.050
16.09316.050
20.t1720.065
25.t1725.M5
30.1t730.065
Shsfth9
1.000
0.975
1..2N0.175
1.600
0.575
2.000t.975
2.5n2.475
3.0002.975
4.0003.970
5.0004.970
6.0005.970
8.0007.9&
10.0009.964
l2.wIt.957
16.000Ls.957
20.00019.948
25.00024.948
30.00029.948
FTT
0.0700.020
0.0700.020
0.0700.020
0.0700.020
0.0700.020
0.0700.020
0.0900.030
0.0900.030
0.0900.030
0.1120.040
0.tLz0.040
0.1360.050
0.1360.050
0.1690.065
0.1690.065
0.1690.065
HoleFE
7.U01.006
1.220t.2M1.6201.606
2.0202.m6
2.5202.506
3.O20
3.006
4.0284.010
5.0285.010
6.0286.010
8.0358.013
10.035
10.013
t2.M312.016
L6.04316.016
20.05320.020
25.0s325.020
30.0s330.020
1.000
0.990
L.2001.190
1.600
1.590
2.0001.990
2.5n2.490
3.0002.990
4.0003.988
5.0004.988
6.0005.988
8.0007.98s
10.0009.985
12.000r1.982
16.000t5.982
20.000t9.979
25.00024.979
30.00029.979
Flt
0.0300.006
0.0300.006
0.0300.006
0.0300.006
0.0300.006
0.0300.006
0.0400.010
0.0400.010
0.0400.010
0.0500.013
0.0500.013
0.061
0.016
0.061
0.016
0.o740.a00.0740.020
0.0740.020
I.OT2
1.002
7.212t.202
1.612
1.602
2.0122.n22.5t22_502
3.0t23.002
4.0164.004
5.0165.004
ó.0166.004
8.0208.005
10.020
10.005
12.024t2.006
t6.02416.006
20.02820.007
25.U825.O07
30.o2830.007
1.000
0.994
1.2001.t94
1.600
1.594
2.000t.994
2.5û2.494
3.0002.994
4.0003.992
5.0004.992
6.0005.992
8.0007.991
10.0009.991
t2.w11.989
16.00015.989
20.00019.987
25.00024.987
30.00029.987
trII
0.0180.002
0.0180.002
0.0180.002
0.0180.002
0.0180.û20.0180.002
0.o240.004
0.0240.004
0.u40.004
0.0290.00s
0.u290.005
0.0350.006
0.03s0.006
0.041
0.007
0.041
0.007
0.0410.007
1.0101.000
T.2IO
1.2û1.6101.600
2.0IO2.000
2.5102.5æ
3.0103.000
4.0124.000
5.0t25.000
6.0126.000
8.01s8.000
10.015
10.000
12.018t2.ñ016.018
16.000
20.02120.000
25.U\25.000
30.o2r30.000
1.000
0.994
r.2001.194
1.600
L.594
2.W7.994
2.5002.494
3.0002.994
4.0003.992
5.0004.992
6.0005.9y2
8.0007.991
10.0009.997
12.00011.989
16.00015.989
20.00019.987
25.00024.987
30.00029.987
!lûto
Loose Running Fhee Running Close Running(,
}T-to0õ'
g8-7ioõ'õ'
dgø9q;xoärog
o0õJo0l!6
f
Locational Clearance
L MaxMin
I.2 MaxMin
1.6 MaxMin
2 iNdax
Min2.5 Max
MinMaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
10
t6
Fif
0.0160.000
0.0160.000
0.0160.000
0.0160.000
0.0160.000
0.0160.000
0.0200.000
0.0200.000
0.0200.000
o.0240.000
0.0240.000
0.0290.000
0.0290.000
25
30
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
0.0340.000
0.0340.000
0.0340.000" From ANSI B.4.Z-tg7B (R1994).
\r\ r 774).
Dimensions are in millimeters.
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
40
50
60
80
100
t20
160
200
250
300
400
500
Hole
50.130
60.33060.140
80.34080.150
100.390
100.170
120.4æ
99.t80
Fir
0.4400.120
0.4500.130
0.5200.140
0.5300.150
0.6100.170
0.6200.180
0.7t00.2t0
0.8200.240
0.8600.280
0.9700.330
t.t200.400
1.2800.480
I HoleI
D9
40.14240.080
50.142
50.080
60.L7460.100
80.77480.100
100.207
40.00039.938
50.00049.938
60.00059.926
80.00079.926
00.00099.913
20.00011
Ft¡
o.2040.080
o.2040.080
0.2480.100
0.2480.100
o.2940.L20
0.294o.t20
0.3450.L45
0.4000.t70
0.4000.170
0.4500.190
0.4900.210
0.5400.230
| 40.0flI qo.ozsI
50.064
50.025
60.07660.030
80.07680.030
100.090
100.036
t20.090720.036
160.106160.043
¿10.000
39.975
s0.00049.975
60.00059.970
80.00079.970
100.00099.96s
120.000
tlg.965
0.0890.o25
0.1060.030
0.1060.030
0.1250.036
0.1250.036
0.1680.050
0.1680.050
0.1890.056
0.1460.043
0.2080.062
0.2280.068
HoleG7
40.03440.009
50.03450.009
60.04060.010
80.04080.010
40.00039.984
50.00049.984
60.00059.981
80.00079.981
100.00099.978
120.000119.978
160.000
ntl0.0s00.009
0.0500.009
0.0590.010
0.0590.010
0.069o.0t2
0.0690.0t2
0.0790.014
0.0900.015
0.0900.015
0.101
0.017
0.111
0.018
0.1235.020
60.000
80.03080.000
100.035
100.000
120.035
120.000
99.978
120.000
Ìir0.041
0.000
0.0410.000
0.0490.000
0.0490.000
0.0570.000
0.0570.000
0.06s0.000
0.075
0.000
0.0750.000
0.0840.000
0.0930.000
0.103
0.000"From ANSI
õ
>Td$8'Nl*=1q-9õ'õ'
dEØQq;*8xoo6
i8Lci)oõoô'lr'4
I
84.2-7978 (R1994).
Dimensions are in millimeters.
1.2
t.6
1
2
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMinMaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
2.5
J
4
5
6
8
10
72
16
20
25
30
Loc¡tional Thansn. Locational ïbansn. Locational Interf. MediumDrive Force
HoleK7
1.0000.990
1.200
1.190
1.600
1.s90
2.0001.990
2.5002.490
3.0002990
4.0033.991
5.0034.991
6.003
5.991
8.005
7.990
10.005
9.990
12.00611.988
16.006
15.988
20.00619.985
25.00624.985
30.00629.98s
1.0000.994
t.2æ1.194
1.600
t.594
2.0007.994
2.5æ2.494
3.0002.994
4.0003.992
5.0004.992
6.0005.992
8.0007991
10.000
9.99r
12.00011.989
16.00015.989
20.000t9.987
25.00024.987
30.00029.987
F¡t
0.006
-0.0100.006
-0.0100.006
-0.0100.006
-0.0100.006
-0.0100.006
-0.0100.011
-0.0090.011
-0.0090.011
-0.0090.014
-0.0100.014
-0.0100.017
-0.0120.017
-o.ol20.019
-0.0150.019
-0.0150.019
-0.015
HoleN7
0.9960.986
1.1961.186
r.5961.586
7.9961.986
2.4962.486
2.9962.986
3.99639844.9964.984
5.9965.984
7.9967.987
9.9969.981
11.995tt.977
15.995t5.977
t9.993t9.972
24.99324.912
29.99329.972
Shafth6
1.000
0.994
L.200t.r941.600
t.594
2.0007.994
2.5002.494
3.0002.994
4.0003.992
5.0004.992
6.0005.992
8.0007.99r
10.000
9.991
12.00011.989
16.00015.989
20.00019.987
25.00024.987
30.00029.987
trtr
0.002
-0.0140.002
-0.0140.002
-0.0140.002
-0.0140.002
-0.0140.002
-0.0140.004
-0.0160.004
-0.0160.004
-0.0160.005
-0.0190.005
-0.0190.006
-0.o230.006
-0.0230.006
-0.0280.006
-0.0280.006
-0.028
HoleP7
0.9940.984
t.1941.184
r.5941.584
t.9941.9U
2.4942.484
2.9942984
3.9923.980
4.9924.980
5.9925.980
7.9977.976
9.99r9.976
11.989
tt.97l15.989t5.977
19.98619.965
?4.98624.965
29.98629.965
Shafth6
1.000
0.994
1..200
1,.r94
1.600
1.594
2.0007.994
2.5002.494
3.0002.994
4.0003.992
5.0004.992
6.0005992
8.0007.99r
10.000
9.991
12.00011.989
16.00015.989
20.000t9.987
25.00024.987
30.00029.987
FÏt
0.000
-0.0160.000
-0.0160.000
-0.0160.000
-0.0160.000
-0.0160.000
-0.0160.000
-0.0200.000
-0.0200.000
-0.0200.000
-0.0240.000
-0.0240.000
-0.0290.000
-0.029
-0.001-0.035
-0.001-0.035
-0.001-0.035
Holes7
0.9860.976
1.186
T.I76
1.586
1..576
1.986
t.976
2.4862.476
2.9862.976
3.985
3.973
4.9854.973
5.9855.973
7.9837.968
9.983
9.968
tt.97917.967
15.97915.961
19.97319952
24.97324.952
29.97329.952
Shafth6
1.000
o.994
t.2w1.194
1.600
t.594
2.000r.994
2.5002.494
3.0002.994
4.0003.992
5.0004.992
6.0005.992
8.0007.991
10.0009.997
12.00011.989
16.00015.989
20.00019.987
25.00024.987
30.m029.987
trTr
-0.008-0.024
-0.008-0.024
-0.008-0.024
-0.008-0.024
-0.008-0.024-0.008-0.024
-0.007-o.027
-0.007-0.027
-0.007-0.027
-0.008-0.o32
-0.008-0.032
-0.010-0.039
-0.010-0.039
-0.014-0.048
-0.014-0.048
-0.014-0.048
09820.972
t.1827.172
1.582
1.572
r.9821.972
2.4822.472
2.9822.972
3.9813.969
4.98I4.969
5.981
5.969
7.9787.963
9.9789963
tr.97411.956
t5.97415.956
19.96719.946
24.96024.939
2996029.939
1.000
0.994
T.2NLr941.600
t.594
2.0001..994
25W2.494
3.0002.994
4.0003.992
5.0004.992
6.0005.992
8.0007.99r
10.000
9.991
12.00011.989
16.00015.989
20.00019.987
25.00024.987
30.00029.987
Fif
-0.0I2-0.028
-0.0t2-0.028
-0.012-0.028
-0.0r2-0.028
-0.012-0.028
-0.0r2-0.028
-0.011-0.031
-0.011-0.031
-0.011-0.031
-0.013-0.037
-0.013-0.037
-0.015-o.o44
-0.015-0.044
-0.020-0.054
-0.027-0.061
-0.027-0.061
i>3rd00'
8f{2<õ'q==,0c)2ø9¡ag.9oi0xe.lsrol
0aI'
õ'f0Jof0ao0aoo'nv,o
I
o From ANSI B4.Z-1978 (R1994). For description of preferred fits, see Täble 12.2
Dimensions are in millimeters.
BasicSize
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
MaxMin
40
50
60
80
100
120
160
200
250
300
400
500
HoleK7
99.975
120.010
119.975
160.0t2159.972
40.00039.984
50.00049.984
60.00059.981
80.00079.981
100.000
99.978
I FirI
| 0.023
I -0.018
0.023
-0.0180.028
-0.0210.028
-0.0210.032
-0.0250.032
-0.0250.037
-0.0280.042
-0.0330.042
-0.0330.048
-0.0360.053
-0.040 l
I
0.0s8 |
-0.04s I
79.961
99.990
HoleN7
Shafth6
79.97979.949
99.97699.941
119.9761r9.941
159.9721s9.932
799.967
199.921
249.967249.921
299.964
HoleP7I Fir
I
| 0.008
-0.0330.008
-0.0330.010
-0.0390.010
-0.0390.012
-0.0450.012
-0.0450.013
-0.0520.015
-0.0600.015
-0.0600.018
-0.0660.020
-0.0730.023
-0.080
80.00079.981
100.000
-0.002-0.051
-0.002-0.059
-0.002-0.059
-0.003-0.068
-0.004-0.079
-0.004-0.079
-0.004-0.088
-0.00s-0.098
-0.005-0.108
79.95279.922
99.94299.907
119.934119.899
HoleS7
120.000'tr9.978
r 60.0001s9.975
-0.078
-0.036-0.093
-0.044-0.101
-0.060-0.125-0.076-0.151
-0.094-0.169
-0.118
79.879
99.88999.854
119.869
119.834
r59.825
80.00079.98r
100.000
99.978
120.000119.978
Fir
-0.035-0.076
-0.045-0.086
-0.057-0.106
-0.072-0.12r-0.089-0.146
-0.109-0.166
-0.150-0.215
-0.190-0.265
-0.238-0.313
-0.298-0.382
-0.378-0.471-0.477-0.580
" From ANSI 84.2-1978
:*{
À
>!då8PJ*-1õ-q.00igøgItox,l
=,løa+a,ô
8;J=
=oõo.,oã.
5oloo-Jo0-fl
oo
I(R1 994). For description of preferred fits, see Thble I 2.2
a4O Appendix
l5 Screw Threqds, Americon Notionol, Unified, ond MetricAMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD UNIFIED AND AMERICAN NATIONAL SCREWTHREADS"
" ANSI/ASME 81.1-1989. For 8-, 12-, and l6-pitch thread series, see next page.b Classes 7 A,2A,3 A, 78,28, 38,2, and 3.
' Classes 2y'.,28,2, and 3.d For approxim ate 75o/o full depth of thread. For decimal sizes of numbered and lettered drills, see Appendix 16.
NominalDismeter
0 (.060)
1 (.073)
2 (.086)
3 (.Oee)
4 (.1,12)
s (.r25)
6 (.138)
8 (.164)
10 (.1e0)
12 (.216)
!4
516
18'l16
12
9
l618
11
16
14
13
16
18
15
76
NominalDiameter
1
1*l
1å
1*a
1i
1*l
1å
t+1+
+
1;
1iå
tl2
^l¿¿
¡1L'
¡trL4
1lJ4
3+
.334
4
FinebNF
UNF
64
56
48
40
40
32
32
24
24
20
18
T6
t4
L3
12
11
10
9
TapDr¡[d
No.53
No.50
No.47
No.43
No.38
No.36
No.29
No.25
No.16
No.7
F-5
16
U2't64
31
64
71
32
27
32
4964
80
72
64
56
48
44
40
36
32
28
28
24
24
20
20
18
18
16
1.4
ThpDriltd
3
64
No.53
No.50
No.45
No.42
No.37
No.33
No.29
No.21
No.14
No.3
I
o2564
29
64
33
64
3764
11
16
13
16
32
32
32
32
28
28
24
24
24
20
20
20
20
TapDriild
No.13
732
932
11
32
l332
15
32
33
64
64
41
64
4564
4964
5364
5't64
Thds.pelInch
8
7
7
6
6
5
4i
4+
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
TapDdtld
18
63
64
tâ
1+J2
1+
t+ri¡lL-
.1L¿
.lL'
.3L-
Thds.pefInch
12
12
T2
72
12
TapDrilld
59o4
tà
l!@t
ü
1T
Thds.perInch
20
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
l8
18
61
64
1
1!g
t+o4
1*
1#
1*a
1*
1+
Ii
1*
1à
THREADS " (continued)
Appendix a4l
l5 Screw Threods, Americon Notionol, Unified, ond Metric (continued)AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD UNIFIED AND AMERICAN NATIONAL SCREW
NominalDiarneter
1
1+
1å
1*1
1å
1*Á
1å
116
1i
1*9
1å
¡ llrr6
1i
1+å
13
1ìå
2
" ANSI/ASME 81.1-1989.b Classes 2 A, 3 A, 2P. 3F., 2, and, 3." For approximaíe 75o/" full depth of thread.d Boldface type indicates Amrican National Threads only." Tbis is a standard size of the Unified or American National th¡eads of the coarse, fine, or extra fine series. See preceding page
ïhpDdll.
2¡1z16
)L-aa3¿16
¡lz1
¡5zt6a3LB
¡.L-lö.t2L16
al1¿1(l
1lLt6
alLE
¡3L16
.t!
)!-t6
.tr
¡7LIÃ
.lzõ
¡5¿Ê
o3L4
¡'lLB
J¡lJ8
3i
3å
alJz.5JS-
3i.1JE
4
4i
4+
4î
5
så
t2
9T6
r8
l116
l4
1316
1I516
a4a Appendix
l5 Screw Threods, Americon Notionol, Unified, ond Metric (continued)prererred sizes ror *-#:;ï:"'"Tï#Tå:î?'ï*"*"
in bordrace rype
Flneze:h
t5l5
t5r5
Tap D¡iilDianreterrmm
a
lvrJ ^ u.5
M3.5 X 0.6NI4 X 0.7lvI4.5 x 0.75ùI5 X 0.8
2.52.93.33.754.2
tuÓX1M7X1M8 x 1.25M9 x 1.25M10 x l.sM11 x 1.5M72 x 1.75M14X2M16x2M18 X 2.5
5.06.06.87.758.5
M8X1
M10 x 1.2s
7.0
8.75
10.512.574.5165
9.5010.3072.0014.0015.50
Mt2x 1.25M14 X 1.5Mló x r.5Ml8 x 1.5
Nr¿lt x 2.5M22 X 25bNI24 x 3M27 X 3bM30 x 3.5
77.519.521.024.026.5
M20 x 1.5M22 x t5MVtx zNn7X2M3OX2
31.033.036.039.0420
18.520.522.025.028.0
MJJ X 3.5M36X 4M39x4M42X 4.5M4s x 4,5
M48X5M52X 5M56 X 5.5M60 x 5.5M64X 6
M68X6M72X 6M8OX6M9OX6M100 x 6
"ANSI/ASMF R
29.532.035.037.540.5
M3OX2Nt36 X 2M39 x2NI42X 2M45 x 1.5
43.047.050.554.5s8.0
MßX2M52x2M56 X2M60 x 1.5M64X 2
64.068.076.086.096.0
45.049.052.056.060.0
62.066.074.084.094.0
M68x2M72X2M8OX2Nr90 x 2M100 x 2
- l{I\JIiASME BI. 1 3M-l995.o Only for high strengrÀ sìrictural sleel fasreners.
Appendix a4g
16 Twist Drill sizes-Americqn Notionol stonctord qnd MetricAMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD DRILL SIZES'
D fractions "," "*tÏ"ÍiüJå1,:H"i::.1"r;"tii in fi, increments, 1f" to 2î" ing,, incre-m nts, and 3" to 3t" in f;" increments. Driiis hrg-er tnän :f are seldom used, and arere
. ;'-:, .,;;,.:::.
ts6,,,L
2J
4)I5l
6l7lslel
10I11 I
t2 I
t3 I
t4 I
1sIt6 I
.2280
.2210
.2t30
.2090
.2055
.2040
.2070
.1990
.1960
.1935
.1910
.1890
.1850
.1820
.1800
.L770
.0350
.0330
.0320
.0310
.0292
.0280
.0260
.0250
.0240
.0225
.0210
.0200
.0180
.0160
.0145
.0135
.0130
.0L25
.0720
.0115
.0110
.0105
.0100
.0095
.0091
.0087
.0083
.0079
.0075
.ffi77
.0067
.0063.0059
T7
18
79
202t2223
2425
262728293037
32
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
6067
62
63
64
.0730
.0700
.0635
.059s
.0550
.0520
.0465
.0430
.0420
.0410
.0400 I rc
.0390 I 77
.0380 I 78
.0370 I zg
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
9'J.y2
93
94
95
96
97
.377
.386
.397
.404
.413
VwxYz
oRS
TU
.290
.295
.302
.3t6
.323
LMNoP
.261
.266
.272
.277
.281
GHIJK
.234
.238
.242
.246
.250
.257
ABcDEF
" ANSVASME 894.1 1M_1993.
-
l6 Twist Drill sizes-Americqn Notionol stondqrd qnd Mefric (continued)METRIC DRILL SIZES
Decimal_inch equivalents are for reference only.
Drill Diameter Drill Diamefer D¡ill Diameter Drlll Diamefer Drill Diameter Drill Diameter
0.400.420.4s0.480.500.s50.600.650.700.750.800.850.900.951.001.051.101.157.201.251.307.35r.401.451.501.551.601.65t.70r.751.801.8s
.0157
.0165
.0177
.0189
.01.97
.0217
.0236
.o256
.0276
.0295
.0315
.0335
.0354
.0374
.0394
.0413
.0433
.0453
.0472
.0492
.0512
.0531
.0551
.0571
.0591
1.952.002.052.102.L52.202.252.302.352.402.452.502.602.702.802.903.003.103.203.303.403.s03.603.703.803.904.004.t04.204.30
.0768
.0787
.0807
.0827
.0846
.0866
.088ó
.0906
.0925
.0945
.0965
.0984
.L024
.I063
.L102
.7I42
.1181
.1220
.1260
.L299
.1339
.7378
.7417
.I457
4.704.804.905.005.105.205.305.405.s05.60s.705.805.906.006.106.206.306.406.s06.606.706.806.907.007.107.207.307.407.507.60
.i850
.1890
.7929
.I969
.2008
.2047
.2087
.2126
.2165
.2205
.2244
.2283
.2323
.2362
.2402
.2441
.2480
.2520
.2559
.2598
.2638
.2677
.2717
.2756
.2795
.283s
8.00 I .¡rso 13.20 I .5797 25.s0 I 1.00398.10 I .¡rss 13.50 Ls:rs 26.00 | 1.02368.20 I .zzzs 13.80 I .sqss 26.s0 | 1.04338.30 I .tzos 14.00 I .sstz 27.00 I 1.06308.40 LzEot 14.2s I .s6ro 27.s0 | 1.08278.s0 I 3lqø 14.50 I .5709 28.00 | Lro248.60 I .¡sso 14.75 I .ssoz 28.50 | 1.12208.70 I .zqzs ls.oo I .ssoo 29.00 | 7.14178.80 I .s+as ts.25 I .0oo+ 29.50 I 7.16148.90 I .:so¿ 15.s0 I .ercz 30.00 | 1.18119.00 I .ss+z ts.7s I .ezot 30.s0 I 1.20089.10 I .¡ss¡ 16,00 I .øzss 31.00 | r.220s9.20 I .zazz 16.25 I .o:ss 3150 | t.2402
1.90
7.707.807.90
.2874
.2913
.2953
.2992
.3031
.3071
.3110
9.30 | .3661 16.s0 I .eqse 32.00 | L.2se89.40 I .stot 1.6.7s I .esgq 3250 | 1.279s9.s0 I .ztco 17.00 I .6693 33.00 I 1.2992e.60 I .¡zso r7.2s I .ent 33.50 | 1.31899.70 I .¡srs L7.50 I .osso 34.00 | r.:raoe.8o | .¡sss 18.00 I .toel 34.s0 I 1.3s839.90 I .¡as¡ 18,50 | .7283 3s.00 I r.:zso10.00 I .zgzt 19.00 I .tqso 35.s0 | r.397610.20 I .+0rc 19.s0 I .ten 36.00 | r.417310.50 | .4134 20.00 I .lvq 36.s0 I tnto10.80 I -.czsz 2050 I .¡ozr 37.00 I t,.qset11.00 I .qzst 27.00 I .szos 37.s0 | r.476471.20 I .u0g 2t.s0 I .s+os 38.00 | t.tsot11.50 I .qsza 22.00 I .se6r 40.00 I 1.574811.80 I .qaqe 2250 I .sass 42.00 I r.os¡s12.00 I .+tzq 23.00 I .goss 44.00 | 1.732312.20 I .¿so¡ 23.s0 I .szsz 46.00 | 1.811012.s0 I .qgzt 24.00 I .s+qs 48.00 I r.sass1250 I .so:s 24.s0 I .gaqø so.0o I 1.968s13.00 I .slrs 2s.oo I .ss+:
17 Acme Threods, Generol purposeo
.0610
.0630
.0650
.0669
.0689
.0709
.0728
.0748
4.404.504.60
.7496
.1535
.1575
.I614
.1654
.7693
.t732
.7772
.1811
ïhreadsper Inch
76
74
12
t2
10
8
Size
I4516
38
7T6
I2
58
ïhreadsper Inch
6
6
5
5
5
4
Il¡readsper Inch
4
4
4
3
3
Ihreadsper Inch
2
2
2
2
2
" ANSI/ASME B 1.s_1988 (R1 994)
l8 Bolls, Nuts, ond cop gç¡sv1¡s-squore ond Hexogon-Americon Notionol Stqndord ond Metric
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD SQUAREAND HEXAGON BOLTS"AND NUTSbAND HEXAGON CAP SCREWS"
Boldface t¡pe indicates product features unified dimensionally with British and Canadian standards.All dimensions are in inches.
For thread series, minimum thread lengths, and bolt lengths.
Regular Bolfs Heavy Bolts
Height H
96J07
4
0
7
+
lj)z
lt
I
)
)
I
NominalSizeDBody
Dinmeúerof Bolt
I o.zsoo
f, osrzs
$ o.rzso
rto.ans
I osooo
fi o.sozs
f o.czso
t o.zsoo
J o.szso
1 1.000
lsl Lr25o
4 L2soo
4 ß7so
12! Lsooo
Le L7500
HexScrew(Ìln.)
1+
1å
1#1.!
13
516
25a15
35a
39a1116
25322',1
52
15t6
¡3Lñ
2 2.D000
212.2s00
4 25000
fi z.tsoo
3 3.0000
3i 3.2s003å 3.5000
313.7s00
4 4.0000
' ANSI 818.2.1-1981 (Rl992).b ANSUASME nrs.z.z.-tstí 1Rl993)." Hexagon cap screws and finished hexagon bolts are combined as a singre product.
B
1+
tir+
41#,;t.16
¡tr421
3å
3i3l4i
4;
ua7fr,!4
t9a
u32
nãI217&
436!4nø,Ðt2
Ir#
r#f,L#1*!
2a3¿16a5.16
4cll-16
532
ftat5g9i,
5t62Ãa1S&$32
35a
uú1116
25t2!t2
t5L6
a3Lj
Her7
16
!2
916
5t
34l:tß15t6
4¡5LTÁ
1,
1rr!
rr1l-16
¡!24
l5.E
3a3JEa3J¿
4t
4+
418
5L4
så
6
a46 Appendix
t I Bolfs, Nuts, ond Cop Screws-Squore ond Hexogon-Americon Notionql Stondord ond Metric (continued)
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD SQUARE AND HEXAGON BOLIS AND NUTSAND HEXAGON CAP SCREWS (continued)
See ANSI 818.2.2 for jam nuts, slotted nuts, thick nuts, thick slotted nuts, and castle nuts.
Heavy Nuts
Thickness T
I o.zsoo
*10.3125
I o.rzso
rt o.ntsI o.sooo
ft o.sszs
Hex.(Fitr )
1564
1964
2364
2764
31a3564
39u47a5564
ó3arâr+lrrE
tEr#Ln
r#
t#¡13L64
a29Lãa45¿a
¡61261
3+^7J16-
3ì*¡15J16
12
916
11
Gl4
7a8
151ß
1+"
tï^r+^
4"liå'ta
r!-a216
rfa.g¡9L16
?å
nl5¿Tã
3å
3i^1Jã
4i
4ã
5-1)É
si6å
0.6250
0.7500
0.8750
1 1.fin0
t1 L12so
4 Lzsoo
4 r¡zso1å Lsooo
tl L.62so
li 1.7soo
1å 1.S7s0
2 2.W0zl z.zsc0
zl z.swo21 2.7soo
3 3.0000
31 3.2soo
3å 3.5ooo
3i 3.7soo
4 4.0000
" Product feature not unified for heavy square nut.
l8 Bolls, Nuts, ond Cop Screws-squore ond Hexogon_Americon Notionql slqndord ond Metric (confinì¡ed)
METRIC HEXAGON BOLTS, HEXAGON CAP SCREWS,HEXAGoN STRUCTURAL BoLIS, AND HEXAGoN NuÍs
ThickneçT (max)
Appendix a47
Nut (Fin. or Unfin.)BodyDiaandThd
Pifch
M5 x 0.8M6X1M8 x 1,25M10 x 1.5
M72 x I.75M74x2M16 x2M20 x 2.5M24 x3M30 x 3.5M36x 4M42 x 4.5M48X5M56 x 5.5M64x6M72x 6
M8OX6M9OX6M100 x 6
Bolts," CapScrewqb and
Nutsc
8.0
10.0
13.0
16.0
18.0
21.024.030.036.046.O
55.06s.075.085.095.0
105.0
115.0
130.0
145.0
2r.024.027.034.0
41.050.060.0
Bolts(Unfin.)
3.884.385.686.85
7.959.25
I0.7513.40
15.90
19.75
23.55
27.0531.07
36.204L.3246.45
51.58
57.74
63.90
Cap Screw(Fln.)
3.654.475.506.63
7.769.09
70.32
12.88
15.44
19.48
23.3826.97
3L.07
36.2041.32
46.45
51.5857.74
63.90
Style 1
4.7
5.2
6.8
8.4
10.8
t2.814.8
18.0
21.5
25.6
:i:
Súyle 2
5.1
5.7
7.5
9.3
72.0
14.1
t6.420.3
23.928.634.7
Ml6 x2M20 x 2.5M22 x2.5M24 x3lvI27 x3M30 x 3.5M36X4
10.7513.4014.9
15.9
t7.979.75
23.55
27.O
34.036.04r.046.0
50.060.0
17.'t
20.723.624.227.631.736.6
" B1'8.2.3.sM-t979 ß1995),818.2 .3.6M-797s (R1995), B18.2 .3.7M-7s7s(R1995).o 818:slu_tg7s inroes¡.' 81,tz+rlr'_1979 (R1995i,818.2.4.2M_197s (Rt99s).
HIGH STRENGTH STRUCTURAL HEXAGON BOLIS" (FIN.) AND HEXAGON NUTS"
a48 Appendix
19 Cop Screws, Sloltedo qnd Socket Heodb-Americon Notionol Stondord ond Metric
Y ï+E1fl,Uroro[gt.-lrt¡+uËF1¡4lLH-L-| -------,.1
0 (.060)
1 (.073)
2 (.086)
3 (.oee)
4 (.r12)
s (.12s)
6 (.138)
8 (.164)
10 (.1e0)1
4
-5
16
38776
1
2
91ó
58
3478
I-1rã
101
rft)
Flat Heaila Round Head" Fillister Head" Socket Headb
A
.500
.625
.750
.8r2
.875
1.000
1..125
7.375
t.625
1.875
2.062
2312
2.562
2.8t2
B
.437
.562
.67s
.750
.872
.937
1.000
r.250
c
.197
.245
.273
.328
.354
.409
.437
.546
E
.375
.437
.562
.625
.750
.8r2
.875
1.000
r.125
r.312
F
,172
.203
.250
.297
.328
.375
.422
.500
.594
.6s6
G
.096
.118
.140
.161
.183
.205
.226
.270
.312
.375
.469
.562
.656
.750
.938
7.r25
r.312
1.500
1.688
1.875
2.062
2.250
J
.05
7
T6
5a5a3
32
332
7ã9a532
316
I4
51ß
38
t8
;1
58
3434
18
7E
1
7
S
.054
.066
.077
.089
.101
.712
.124
.148
.r77
.225
.287
.331
.394
.450
.562
.675
.787
.900
t.0!2
t.125
7.237
1.3s0
" ANSI/ASME 818.6.2-1995.b ANSI/ASME 818.3-1986 (R1995). For hexagon-head screws, see Appendix 18.
Appendix a49\
19 Cop Screws, Stoltedo ond Sockef Heodb-Americon Nqtionol stondord ond Metric (continued)
COUNTERSUNK HEAD BUTTON HEAD
H=D
SOCKET HEAD
Mefric Sockef Head Cap Screws
" ANSVASME 818.3.4M-1 98ó (R1993).b ANSvASME 818.3.1M-r986 Ìnrss¡i.
L{qtt=stl* |
-l n |*-l-
M1.6 x 0.35M2 x 0.4M2.5 x 0.45M3 x 0.5M4 x 0.7M5 x 0.8M6X1M8 x 1.25M10 x 1.5
MIz x t.75MT4 X2M1.6 x2M20 x 2.5M24 x3M30 x 3.5M36X4M42x 4.5M48X5
CountersunkHead"
ButtonHead"
SockelHeadb
Hex SocketSize
A(max)
6.728.96
tI.273.44
17.92
22.426.8830.24
33.619.67
H
1.86
2.483.1
3.724.966.2
7.448.r28.8
10.16
s
0.25
0.45
0.66
0.7
7.16
7.62
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.2
B
5.t07.6
9.5
10.5
14.0
77.5
2r.0
28.0
s
0.380.380.5
0.80.8
0.8
0.8
1.5
G
0.2
0.3
0.38
0.741.05
I.45r.63
2.2s
C
3.03.8
4.5
5.5
7.0
8.5
10.0
13.0
16.0
18.0
21.024.030.036.045.054.0
63.O
72.0
s
0.760.2
0.25
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.81.0
1..2
L41.6
2.02.43.0
3.64.2
4.8
J
1.5
1.5
2.02.5
3.04.05.06.08.0
10.0
12.0
1.4.O
17.0
19.0
22.027.032.036.0
a5Q Appendix
20 Mochine Screws-Americqn Nolionol Slondord ond Metric
ROUND HEAD
SÏYLES OF CROSS RECESSES(SIMILAR oN ALL MACH
SCREWS EXCEPT HEXAGoN)
CROWN ONRECESSEDPAN HLAD HÉXAGON HEAD IOO" FLAT HEAD
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD MACHINE SCREWS"
screws 2" long and shorter, the threads extend to within two threads of the head and closer ifws have minimum thread length of 1i".are regularly made with plain sheared ends, not chamfered'
Threads:Either Coarse or Fine Thread Series, Class 2 fit.Recessed Heads: Two styles of cross recesses are available on all screws except hexagon head.
NominalSize
0T
2
3
4
5
6
8
10t2
I45l63811ó
I29ló5I34
NomiúslSize
MaxDi¡mefer
D
0.0600.0730.0860.0990.1,12
0.1250.1380.1640.1900.216
0.2500.37250.3'7s0.4375
0.5000.562s0.6250.750
MaxDiamefer
D
0.0860.0990.L12
o.1250.1380.1,64
0.1900.2160.2500.31250.375
.4375
.500
.5625
.625
.750
Round HeadFillisterHead Thuss Head
H
0.0370.0450.0530.0610.0ó9
0.0780.0860.t020.1180.134
0.1500.1830.2150.248
0.2800.3120.3450.410
0.2790.332
0.385
0.5070.6350.762
Slotvvidfh
A0.1130.1380.1,62
0.1870.21.1.
0.2360.2600.3090.3590.408
0.4720.5900.7080.750
0.8130.9381.000'1,.250
B
0.0530.0610.0690.0780.086
0.0950.1030.1200.1370.153
0.r750.2160.2560.328
0.3550.4100.4380.547
c0.1190.1460.1720.r990.225
0.2520.2790.3320.3850.438
0.5070.635o.7620.812
0.8751.000L.1251.375
E
0.0350.0430.0510.0590.067
0.0750.0830.1000.1160.132
0.1530.1910.2300.223
0.2230.2600.298o.3'12
F
0.0960.1180.1400.1610.183
0.2050.2260.2700.3130.357
0.4t40.5180.6220.625
0.7500.8120.8751.000
G
0.0450.0530.0620.0700.079
0.0880.0960.1130.1300.148
0.1700.211,0.2530.265
K
0.1310.1640.L940.2260.257
0.2890.32t0.3840.4480.511
0.5730.6980.8230.948
1.0731.1987.3237.5't3
R
0.0870.1070.1290.1510.169
0.1910.2710.2540.2830.336
0.3750.45'70.5380.619
0.7010.7830.8631.024
J
0.0230.0260.0310.0350.039
0.0430.0480.0540.0600.067
0.0750.0840.0940.094
0.1060.1180.1330.149
Slotwidrh
0.0430.0480.054
0.0600.0670.0750.0840.094
.094
.106
.118
.733
.749
029703360 37s0Mt
Pan He¡d1fi)o Flat
He¡d
23
4
5
68
10t2
II_tt63¡.Lt612
_1t6I8l
M
0.1810.2080.235
0.2630.2900.344
0.3990.4540.5130.6410.769
N
0.0500.0590.068
0.0780.0870.105
0.7230.1410.165o.209
o0.0180.0220.025
0.0290.0320.039
0.0450.0520.0610.0770.094
P
0.1670.1930.219
0.2450.2700.322
0.3730.4250.4920.ó150.740
.865
.9871.041t.t721.435
a0.0530.0600.068
0.0750.0820.096
0.1100.1250.7440.1780.212
.247
.231
.315
.350
.419
s
0.0620.0710.080
0.0890.0970.115
0.1330.1510.r750.2180.261
.305
.348
.391
.434
.521,
T
0.1250.1870.187
0.1870.2500.250
0.3120.3r20.3750.500
U
0.0500.0550.060
0.0700.0800.110
0.1200.1550.1900.2300.295
0.0600.072
0.083
0.1100.1380.165
J
0 0310 0350 039
Appendix aSl
20 Mochine Screws-Americon Nolionol Stondord ond Metric (continued)METRICMACHINE SCREWS
Length of Thread: On screws 36 mm long or shorter, the threads extend to within one thread of the head: on longer screws thethread extends to within two threads of the head.
Points: Machine screws are regularly made with sheared ends, not chamfered.Threads: Coarse (general purpose) threads series are given.Recessed Heads; Two styles of cross-recesses are available on all screws except hexagon head.
â Metric Fasteners Standard. IFI-513(1982).bPH : recommended lengths for oniy paá and hex head metric screws.
A : recommended lengths for all metric screw head-styles.
Flat Heads& Oval Head Pan Heads HexHead
Slotwidrh
C
3.5
4.4
E
r.21.5
P
4.05.0
ar.31.5
s
t.62.r
T
3.2
4.0
U
1,.6
2.1
J
0.7
0.8
M3 x 0.5
M3.5 x 0.63.03.5
5.26.9
L.7
2.35.6
7.01.8
2.72.4
2.65.05.5
2.3
2.61.0
r.2M4 x 0.7M5 x 0.8
4.05.0
8.08.9
2.72.7
8.0
9.52.43.0
3.L
3.77.0
8.03.03.8
1.5
1.5
M6X1M8 x 1.25
6.0
8.010.975.I4
J.J
4.612.0
16.03.6
4.84.6
6.010.013.0
4.7
6.01.92.3
M10 x 1.5
tr/.f12x I.7510.0
L2.O
I78 50 20.0 60 75 15.0
18.01.5
9.028
Metric Macåine Scew Lengúhs-Lb
2.5
PH
3
A
4
A
5
A
6
A
E
A
10
A
l:t
A
t6
A
nA
2s | 30 | 3s | 40 | 4sls0 lss | 60 I 6s I 70 I s0l e0
M2.5 x 0.45 PH A A A A A A A A A Min.Thd Length-28 mmM3 x 0.5 PH A A A A A A A A Y .L/M3.5 x 0.6 PH A A A A A A A Y
^Min.Thd Length-38 mm
10/44x0.7 PH A A A A A A A A A AM5 x 0.8 PH A A A A A A A A A A
,,A
'l/M6X1 A A A A A A A A A A ,A K) t'M8 x 1.25 A A A A A A A A A /bx/?/TX..ßM10 x 1.5 A A A A A A A A ,9V/zÇ4,,'V///z'Ø,'VxI0/{lz x t.75 A A A A A A A
IT
a52 Appendix
21 Keys-Squore, Flot, P|oin Tcrper,o ond Gib Heod
El-,*l
ShaftDinmeters
SquareStockKey
Flat StockKey
Gib HeadTaper Súock Key
Square Flat
Height LcngthHeight
úo
ChamferHeighf Length
Heighfto
Chamfer
D
trtotå to3
*Þ to 1]
tfr to rf;
rl6totltfttozlzf6tozlzl totl:f; to:01
ll to+\+l toslsf toe
W=HI8
3G14
5t6
3ã
12
58
l4
7ã
I1å
ti
WXH1.,38^¡z-1 v 1t6,.8å't5 ., I16^ 4
åxäl ,3tr(EåxtJ., I4 ^1
3xåtx 1
tåx3råx I
cL45
T6
7t6916
1116
18
1*1
Li
t,li2oLL2
F
'1
ñ.9
32
ll32
l332
1532
t932
2332
?8
1
Í+1+
Li
E
532
7Ðlt32
t332
1532
iI14
78
1
1+-1416
t3L4
C
316
1
4516
l8
7lb5E
I4
1I
1+
tiÉtl
F
1I316
I4
5l6
38-
12
58
14
'l8-
1
lit)
E
II5
32
3T6
I4
5TÃ
716
I2
58
I4
13ß1.
1
" Plain taper square and flat keys have the same dimensions as the plain parallel stock keys, with the addition of the taper on top. Gib headtaper square and flat keys have the same dimensions as the plain taper keys, witb the addition of the gib head.
Stock lengths for plain taper and gib head taper keys: The minimum stock length equals 4W, and the maximum equals 1óW. The incre-ments of increase of length equal 2W.
22 Screw Threods,o Squore crnd Acme
Size
387l61
29765834
Th¡eadsper Inch
t210
10
8
8
6
Thre¡dsper Inch
5
5
4
4
J
'¡L4
Threadsper Inch
¡LL2
2
2,)
Èr1L2
Ihreadsper InchSize
2o1L4
olL2
¡1L4
J
^1J4
Size
3i.3)4
4
4i4,
over 4)
1å
11
1å
1å
1
1
' See Appendix 17 for General-Purpose Acme Threads.
Appendix asá
23 Woodruff Keyso-4mer¡con Notionol Stondord
Nominal Sizes
1iERS]7r
Ëo
Nomin¿l $¿eg
tltot1
810811
8r2
tl
KeyNo.b
204
304
305
404
405
KeyNo.b
808
809
810
811
812
1008
1009
1010
1011
10L2
t2l0L2IT
r2l2
c
.438
.484
.547
.594
.647
.438
.484
.547
.594
.641
.547
.s94
.&l
406
505
506
s07
606
607
608
609
807
" ANSI 817.2-1967 (Rl990).
,#:l"ll*Pl:,:".*:::::---:l*tjlys:lfre last.two digirs give the nominal diamerer B in eighths of an inch, and rhe digits beforethe last two give the nominal widttrA in thirty-seconds of an inðh.
24 woodruff Key Sizes for Different shqft Diomeferso
hø12
304305
tf,totß807
808809
ltolt606607
608609
låo15t6
50s506507
*to34
4M.105
406
{f to
2ä
1011
1012
zrtto2t
Lztlt2r2
åxååxå5 .. 5-r\ g=
t"?5vZ32'. 8
3-316"4
tx ã
*"t*"tåå"3
3u3gL
l63aI
16
1
16
I16
I16
Iß1
16
1
t61
16
564
1
16
F
1n3
64
3u1
76
ITE
1
t65ã564564
332
332
332
3T!8
G
5&3t7
64
764
1ð
I8-
964
964
9@5
32
532
532
11a3
16
H
.194
.194
.240
.194
.240
.303
.240
.303
.365
.303
.365
.428
.47s
.365
D
.1718
.L56I
.2031.
.I405
.1875
.2505
.t719
.2349
.2969
.2793
.28L3
.3443
.3903
.25cÐ
c
.203
.203
.2s0
.203
.250
.313
.250
.313
.375
.3r3
.375
.438
.484
.37s
AXB
IxtåxtåIxtIIttåIxtitxt*5ttå*5ttå*lxt3t, tl
3xtååxtå3xrå
1
16
564
5a3t7aI
¡65
64
5û3
32
764
5a3
32
1a
1
II8
!8
t8
!8
532
532
532
532
532
316
316
3l6
3t613aT364
1Ð.I5a7
32
1564
15a8
Ð.1'l64
17ø9
32
19G
H
.48
.475
.s37
.584
.63r
.428
.475
.s37
.584
.631
.537
.584
.631
D
.3130
.3590
.4220
.4690
.5160
.28L8
.3278
,3908
.4378
.48/,8
.3595
.406s
.4535
a Suggested s¿es; not standard.
'1I
a54 Appendix
25 Prolt ond Whitney Round-End Keys
L"
I21
2
Ia
58
58
58
341
4
34
8'lI78
1I
1
I1
I
1å
1å
1å
1å
ú1å
1i
Iili
LE
1Ê
1t1å
litit+
tit1
ti2
2
2
2
cLL4
¡1¿7
¡1¿4
¡L
.tLL2
cLL2
oL4?¿
J
J
3
3
3
t4
516
I8
1
45
16
I8
I4
5t63.8
316
I4
51ó
3.8
L4
516
38
1t6
516
l8
7L6
12
l8
7GI2
91-6
58
KLYS MADE. WN-H ROUNDLNDS AND KEYWAYS CUTIN SPLINL MILLER
Maximum length of slot is 4" * W. Note that key is sunk two-thirds into shaft in all cases.
I(ey No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
tt12
A
13
14
15
B
t6t718
c19
20
27
D
E
\il or I)1
t63
32
II3
32
I8
532
II5
32
3L6
532
316
732
1
4
316
'1
32
1
4
576
3t6'ì
32
14
5t6
3t6't
32
1
4
516
38
KeyNo.
22
23
F
24
25
G
51
52
53
26
n28
29
54
55
56
57
IV or I)
58
59
60
67
30
31
32
33
34
" The length L may vary from the table, but equals at least 2W.
26 Woshers,o plq¡¡-Americon Notionol Stondord
NominalWasher Size"
Inside Diameter Outside Di¡meter
Appendix a55
Nominal Ihickness
de
R.
PREFERRED SIZES OF TYPE A PLAIN WASHERSb
Jl6
No.12!I4
¿l65
16
I8
I8I
Ll6!2
_l2
!t69
Nå. oNo.8No.10
...0.1380.1640.190
0.188o.2160.2s0 N0.250 w0.312 N0.312 w0.375 N0.375 W0.438 N0.438 W0.500 N0.500 w0.562 N0.s62 w0.625 N0.625 W0,750 N0.750 w0.875 N0.875 W1.000 N1.000 w1.125 NL.t25 W1.250 Nr.250 w7.37s N1.375 W1.500 N1.500 w7.625
1.7501.8752.0002.2502.5002.7503.000
c0.0200.0200.0320.0490.0490.049
0.0490.0650.0650.0650.0650.083
0.0650.0830.06s0.0830.0950.109
0.0950.1090.0950.I340.7340.148
0.7340.1650.7340.1650.1340.165
0.1650.1650.1650.1800.1650.1800.180
0.1800.1800.180o.2200.2380.259o.2ß4
A
0.078o.0940.1250.1s60.1880.279
0.2500.2500.2810.3r20.3M0.375
0.4060.438o.4690.5000.5310.562
0.5940.6250.6560.6880.8720.812
0.9380.9381.0621.0627.2507.250
7.3757.3751.5001.5007.62s7.6251;750
1.8752.W2.7252.3752.6252.8753.125
B
0.1880.2500.3I20.3750.4380.500
0.56205620.6250.7340.6880.875
0.8121.0000.9221.2507.0627.375
1.1561.469I.3L21.750L4692.000
t.7502.2502.0002.5002.2502.750
2.5003.0002.7503.2503.0003.5003.750
4.0004.2504.5004.7505.000s.2505.s00
1å
1å
1È
1Ë
1iri1Ê
E13
21t
atq13L¿
J
i Ë:*::*l t^?}:W (Rr.e8 I ). For compte te I i s ri ngs, see the s randard.' ' from series previously designated.,stalrom-senes previously designated "Standard Plate" and "SAE." Where common sizes existed in the. - "N" (narrow) and the Standard plate,.W" (wide).
d fo¡ use with comparable nominal screw or bòlt sizes.
a56 Appendix
27 Woshers,o Lock-Americon Notionol Slondord
For parts lists, etc., give nominal size and series; for example,j neculen LocKV/ASHER PREFERRED SERIES
InsideDiameter,
Min.
0.088
0.101
0.115
0.r28
0.141
0.168
0.r94
0.227
0.255
0.318
0.382
0.446
0.509
0.572
0.636
0.700
0.763
0.826
0.890
0.954
I.OI7
1.080
r1441.208
7.27t
t.334
1.398
1.462
7.525
No.
No.
No.
No.
1
1+
1å
1tút+1Ê
r+ß
t+
0.086
0.099
0.'t12
0.125
0.138
0.1.64
0.190
o.216
0.250
0.372
0.375
0.438
0.500
0.562
0.625
0.688
0.750
0.812
0.875
0.938
1.000
1.062
1.125
1.188
1..250
t.312
t.375
1.438
1.500
2
J
4
5
No. 6
No. 8
No.10
No.12
14516
1I7
161
29
T6
5al1163413167õ'15
16
Regular Extra Hi-Collar
OutsideDiameter,
Max.
0.172
0.195
0.209
0.236
0.250
0.293
o.334
0.37'7
0.489
0.586
0.683
0.t79
0.873
0.971
1.079
7.t76
t.271
r.367
1.464
1.560
t.661
r.756
1.853
1.950
2.045
2.141
2.239
2.334
2.430
0.020
0.025
0.025
0.031
0.031
0.040
0.047
0.056
0.062
0.078
0.094
0.109
0.125
O.I4L
0.156
0.172
0.188
0.203
0.2r9
o.234
0.250
0.266
0.287
o.297
0.3t2
0328
0.344
0.359
0.375
Thick-ness,Min.
OutsideDiameúer,
Max.
0.208
o.239
0.253
0.300
0.3r4
0.37s
0.434
0.497
0.535
0.622
0.741.
0.839
0.939
1.041
I.157
7.258
T.367
t.463
1.576
1.688
1.799
1.910
2.O19
2.724
2.23r
2.335
2.439
2.540
2.638
0.027
0.034
0.034
0.045
0.045
0.057
0.068
0.080
0.084
0.108
0.123
0.143
0.162
0.782
0.202
0.22r
0.241
0.261
0.285
0.308
0.330
0.352
0.375
0.396
0.417
0.438
0.458
0.478
0.496
0.773
o.202
0.216
0.267
0.294
0.365
0.460
0.553
0.647
o.737
o.923
r.irt
1.296
t.qaz
7.669
1"799
2.041
z,.t)o
Thick-ness,
Min.
0.022
0.030
0.030
0.047
0.047
0.078
0.093
0.125
0.140
0.r72
o.203
oizìs
0.234
ol,.rro
0.313
o.¡is
0.375
ois)s
'From ANSI/ASME 818.21.1-1994. For complete listing, see the standard.bNominal washer sizes are intended for use with comparable nominal screw or bolt sizes.
T
28 Wire Goge Slcrndordso
Dimensions of sizes in decimal parts of an inch. b
No.of
lYire InperialVYi¡e
7-{'s6-O's5-{'s4-0's00000
01
234
No.of
Vïire
6789
7{'s6-{'s5-0's4-{'s0000001
2J46789
10111273I415r6T7
187920212223242526272829303132JJ34353637383940
.657354
.580049
.516549
.460
.40964
.3648
.32486
.2893
.25763
.22942
.2043I
.16202
.74428
.r2849
.1r443
.10189
.090742
.080808
.07t961
.064084
.057068
.05082
.045257
.040303
.03589
.031961
.028462
.025347
.022571
.u01
.0779
.01594
.074195
.072641
.011257
.010025
.008928
.00795
.00708
.006304
.005614
.005
.004453
.00396s
.003531
.003t44
;ôô.454.425.380.340.300.284.259.238.203.180.165.148.734.120.109.09s.083.072.065.058.049.042.035.o32.o28.025.022.020.018.016.ot4.013.012.010.009.008.007.005.004
.4900
.461.5
.4305
.3938
.3625
.3310
.3065
.2830
.2625
.2437
.2253
.1920
.7770
.1620
.1.483
.1350
.1205
.1055
.0915
.0800
.0720
.0625
.0540
.0475
.0410
.0348
.0317
.0286
.0258
.0230
.0204
.0181
.0173
.0162
.0150
.0140
.0132
.0128
.0118
.0104
.009s
.0090
.0085
.0080
.0075
.0070
.ooq
.00s
.006
.o07
.008
.009
.010
.011
.0r2
.013
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.029
.031
.033
.035
.037
.039
.04r
.043
.045
.047
.049
.051
.055
.059
.063
.067
.071
.075
.080
.085
.090
.095
.s00
.464
.432
.400
.372
.348
.324
.300
.276
.252
.232
.792
.176
.160
.744
.I28
.IL6
.704
.092
.080
.072
.064
.056
.048
.040
.036
.032
.028
.024
.022
.020
.018
.0164
.0149
.0136
.0124
.0116
.0108
.0100
.0092
.0084
.0076
.0068
.0060
.0052
.0048
....227.2r9.212.207.201.I99.797.L94.191.188.185.182.180.778.I75.172.168.164.161.7s7.1s5.153.i5i.148.146.143.r39.1.34
.127
.120
.115
.1.72
.110
.108
.106
.103
.101
.099
.097
.2391
.2242
.1943
.1793
.7644
.7495
.1.345
.1796
.1046
.0897
.0747
.0763
.0598
.0538
.0478
.0418
.0359
.0329
.0299
.0269
.0239
.0209
.0119
.0164
.0149
.0135
.0720
.0105
.0097
.0090
.0082
.007s
.0067
.0064
.0060
1011
727314151677181920212223242526a1
28293031.
32J.'3435363t383940
' Courtesy Brown & Sharpe Mfg. Co.b ¡,iow u:_eA by steel manufacturèrs in place of old U.S. Standard Gage.'The difference betrveen the Stubs' Iron Wire Cue" ãnd the Stubs, Str;#Ëfitifff.#""Häffij5i,"*;jj;l}¡:::1.e,:,.ï1j1._r,1":lr!"":tyll" Gaqe shourd be. nored, the rirst being commonry knorvn as:i"""ïirJ:'b":åïliilÍ.y|i;î;lirmingham c"g.,'íÀi.üã".'g;;;.h."sil,i;.;ifiJä:ï"iã i,iiiïlää,i'riÏ5r"i''i[?if;.,Hi:l#steel wíre o¡ drill rods of Stubs' makel
I
l--.rr",ìxIl
N€
o'o0
3f6
0
I
3o=,o0
z0=0a9.Ø0ao0o
TAPER .25 PER FT
To find small diameter of pin, multiply the length by .02083 and subtract the result from the larger diameter'^ All dimensions are given in inches.
Standard reamers are available for pins given above the heavy line.
" ANSI/ASME B1g.g.2-1994. For Nos. 9 and 10, see the standard. pins Nos. l1 (size .8600), 12 (size 1.032),13 (size 1.241),and 14 (size 1.523) are special sizes;hence their
lengths are special.b Sriggested iizes;not American National Standard'
Nrrml¡cr 710 6/0 5/0 4g y0 u0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I
Sizelf,nrse Endl .0625 .07E0 .(D¿10 .1090 .1250 .1410 .1560 .1720 .1930 .21W .2500 .2890 3410 .4(D0 .4920
Shaft Diameter(Approx)b
732
14
51ó
38
7i6
I2
916
58
I4
l316
7I t *^ r+
Drill SizelBefore Reamer)b .0312 .03x2 .0625 .0625 .0781 .0!r38 .0938 .tú4 ;t2,50 .lj¿50 .1562 .1562 .2188 .2W .3125
Length L
.250
.375
.s00
.625
.750
.875
i.0001.2501.500
1.750
2.0002.2502.5002.7503.0003.2503.s003.7s04.0004.2504.500
XXXXXXXXX
X
XXX
X
XXXXX
X
XXXXXX
XX
XXX
xX
XX
XXXX
XXXXX
XXXXXX
XXXXXXX
XXXXXY
XXXXXXXX
X
XXX
XXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XX
XXX
XXXX
XX
X
XXXXXXX
XX
X
XX
XXXXXX
XXXXXXXXX
XXXXX
X
XXXXXXXXX
XXXXXX
TI
Appendix a59
30 Colter p¡nso-Americon Notionol Stondord
PFIEFERRED PO¡NT TYPES
All dimensions are given in inches.
Nominal Sizeot
Pin Diameúer
7
323
647
16
564
327
647
89&5
323167
321
45
16
387t61
25834
" ANSUASME 818.8.1_1994.
Extended ProngLength Min.
.01
.02
,03
.04
.04
.05
.06
.06
.07
.09
.10
.11
.14
.t6
.20
.23
.30
.36
Hole Size¡Recommended
.M7
.062
.078
.094
.109
.125
.I4t
.156
.r72
.203
.234
.266
.312
.375
.438
.500
.625
.750
.031
.u7
.062
.078
.094
.109
.t25
.14L
.r56
.188
.279
.250
.312
.375
.438
.500
.625
.750
I)iameter A
OufsideEye
I)iameterB
M¡n.
.06
.09
.L2
.16
.I9)')
.25
.28
.31
.38
.44
.50
.62
.75
.88
1.00
t.25
1.50
7É
!
É
!J
t)
(
t){1D
nСOaa
Max.
.032
.048
.060
.076
.090
.r04
.120
.134
.150
.176
.207
.225
.280
.335
.406
.473
.598
.723
Min.
.028
.044
.056
.072
.086
.100
.716
.130
.146
.172
.202
.220
.275
.329
.400
.467
.590
.775
aC¡O Appendix
3l Melric Equivolents
Length
Metric to U.S.U.S. to Metric
inch = 2.540 centimetersfoot : .305 meteryard = .914 metermile = 1.609 kilometers
millimeter : .039 inchcentimeter : .394 inchmeter : 3.281feet or 1.094 yards
kilometer : .62I mile
Area
1 inch2 : 6.41lcentimeter21 foot2 : .093 meter2
1.yardz : .836meter2I acrez : 4,046.873 meterz
1 millimeter2 : .00155 inch2
1 centimeter2 : .155 inch2
7 meferz : 10.764 foot2 or 7.796 yardz
1 kilometer2 : .386 mile2 or 247.04 acte2
lglr¡me
1inch3 : 16.387 centimeter31 foot3 : .028 meter31yard3 : .764meler3L quart : 0.946 liter
I centimeter3 : .061 ioch3
L meter3 :35.31'4foot3 or 1.308 yard3
1 liter = .2642 gallons1 liter = 1.057 quarts1 meter3 :264.02 gallonst gãtton : .003785 meter3
1 ounce :28.349 grams1 pound : .454 kilogram1 ton : .907 metric ton
1 gram: .035 ounce
1 kilogram :2.205 Pounds1 met¡ic ton : 1.102 tons
Velocity
1 foolsecond : .305 meter/second1 mile/hour : .447 melerlsecond
l- meter/secon d : 3.287 feetlsecond
L kilometer/hour: .62! mile/second
Acceleration
1 inch,/second2 :1 fooUsecond2 :
.0254 meterlsecond2
.305 meter/secondz
1 meter/secon dz : 3.2i1 8 feet/second2
Force
N (newton) : basic unit of force, kg-m/s'. A mass of one kilogram (1 kg) exerts a gravitational
force of 9.8 N (theoretically 9.80665 N) at mean sea level'
Appendix aGt
32 Welding Symbols ond processes_Americon Welding Society Slondordo
;w rL
srñrsÊ | Fdbr Plwd$t
SFr qPÞi.dþñ sø SaaD
Blck orô.*h9 Sdreng Fbng.
CodtF¡ngtEdgD
AæwÈr4 l# ./T Æt-J a9-f ìf
ûÞr* ¡\ _o-/ud
Ê-Norud
\JI
Sorh Str¡ -'+ NotUd
Notud Ud
Norud Notud Not
Ud UT Ud
r OrÐ. Sú;EnrlqM Url U..d Ud .= Not
Ueó ud NotuÊ UE
GfmvêSAFE hcl U J
I þdtdt-ã] B'uø&nr
¿ ,/=-Orh
\.-ll--J-r \r-- -'.,52-
aôh¡
,hr hUE uø
Supdementary Symbols Location ot Elements ol a Welding Symbola[aqSFr
Frñrah aFFt
Græs FE ¡,:.
DÞlñ ol Þnt. ¡rro of¡t.ñ9ñ td Ð^¡h *¡
Îail tñdd
affischg
pnl
)
Fbh
,È
_v
/s rE,Ftæ Y- Ê v
Basic Jointsldenlif¡cåtion of Arrow S¡cle and Other Side Jcint
qÞr Sú
€Sbr P6¡Aùcvttfr!
sr
maaa p?€aa a*drtøa ¡ia bblælldiñtÞb[of tÞËEryatù|. nlaraÞ [ mø toTa* 1, O.¡fmM ot w&ñ9.d a¡E Plø¡Fa by hñn,ol ANSrrAffi 42..92
AMWo¡dñ!Sdy650 }{ W. L.l.n hd., P O Eo¡ gStOaO
M¡d FEú gilSti
" ANSI/AWS A2.4_93.
a62 Appendix ,
92 Welding SYmbols ond Processes-AmericonWeldingsocietyStondordo(continued)
L ,.nn,n )",'-"n,"
Pltch (d¡stEn€b€twr€n c€nl€.s)ol lncremonls 7
st."/0ength ol leg) \ ..nn,n o,
- incrgmentsOm¡sa¡on ol length lndl€tes thatwâld axtonds b€twgsn aÞrupt cnangea¡n dir6ction or as dlmenslon€d
Eack¡ngweld
lstO€pth of llll¡ng ¡n incheslo-árssnn ¡ndi¿åt€s lllling is complel6)
wøld size ¿'Arrow Potnts towaldmemb€f lo b€ ÞrePateó
Ë(3,lo
wenJsrz€
\ *",0 ",.'
Badius\-J3/64 +l/16 I I
trre \rWeld /./ \ X"ignt above po¡ntgtze¿ ol langency
lnd¡cates @mplele loint p€n€trationregardlsss of tYP6 ol weldor io¡nt PreParahon
near€st alrow
2nd opêraton
3rd opsralþn
Flash or Uos€t Welding SYmbol
'R' lndi€tes back¡ngremoved aftgr weld¡ng
*"ä"*"*;",/
Z\w|t mbo
n1, u. .hon ukis.The only complete and official presentation of weldin8 sYmbols is in Æ'4
T
I
I
Appendix a63
32 Welding Symbols ond processes_Americon werding society stondordo (conrinued)
MASTER CHABT OF WELDING AND ALLIED PROCESSES
a64 Appendix
33 Topogrophic Symbots
Highway
Railroad
Highway Bridge
Railroad Bridge
Drawbridges
Suspension Bridge
Dam
Telegraph orTelephone Line
Powe¡-Transmission Line
f ¡.¡:Ñ Buildings in GeneralDl .
ABMX
t?32
o
+
-:'¿__)Jf,F.f;1'E=¡¡iJjsEÈ¡i-=ãæ
ùle-ùl¿ dz,,,,, {a"Na-e.$e:d4
ée.jB¿lsó o g e€0€€o€909 oo
v\1r¿t
-\l-
t_
-***
National or State Line
County Line
Township or District Line
City or Village Line
Triangulation Station
Benchmark and Elevation
Any Location Station(wrrn nxeLeueronv tore)
Streams in General
Lake o¡ Pond
Falls and Rapids
Contours
Hachures
Sand and Sand Dunes
Marsh
Woodland of Any Kind
Orchard
Grassland in General
Cultivated Fields
Commercial or Municipal Field
Airplane Landing FieldMarked or Emergency
Mooring Mast
Airway Light Beacon(ennows wotcerr couRsE Lrcurs)
Auxiliary Airway Light Beacon,Flashing
@o
Capital
County Seat
Other Towns
Barbed Wire Fence
Smooth wire fence
Hedge
Oil or Gas Wells
Windmill
Tanks
Canal o¡ Ditch
Canal Lock
Canal Lock(lonr ursrnrnlr)
Aquaduct or Vy'ater Pipe
þX_X-X-X-X
ús sE9
ooooo
õØ..i.. ø
"ANSI/AWS A3.O_94.
It should be understood that these cnarrs are lrlteuuçu u'rJ où ùuvv
ApDend¡x a65
34 Piping Symbols-Americon Nofionol Sfondord
1. Joint
2. Elbow-90"
3. Elbow---45"
4. Elbow-Tùrned Up
5. Elbow-Ti¡rned Down
6. Elbow-Long Radius
7. Reducing Elbow
8. TÞe
9. TÞe-Outlet Up
10. Tee-Outlet Down
11. Side OutletTþe-Outlet Up
12. Cross
13. Reducer-Concentric
14. Reducer-Eccentric
15. Lateral
16. Gate Valve-Elev.
17. Globe Valve-Elev.
18. Check Valve
19. Stop Cock
20. Safety Valve
21. Expansion Joint
22. Union
23. Sleeve
24. Bushing
ANSr/ASME Y32.2.3 -79 49 (R1 994).
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
¡II
I
I
I
I
i
I
iI
I
I
I
I
j
ti
ll
ll
ilI
FLAN6ED SCREWED ]ELL &SPI6OT WELDED SOLDERED
-+t- -+- + -++- -+,1F+ {
*ìJ. r-x
+ I ( { (
ol+- OF O+- Ox- roll- o1- Oi- ox- r+<l sAI
1lf
?,
*-tJ-
ilTilIlrl {/
+l-+ >k+q- .f"+eJr +eF Ðe€ +ox- *O*.ll-e+ +el- Ð-e€ +ex. *-o*
-_t_
+örI
r-0rü
)Ö<=t-Jtl{-+
I
+++-1-
u,,
Ð+ed.,
*+-l-.-
)k
l>+f #- J>)- +Þx- .Þ-JSrl- ÈF à> +ÈÐ<_ -å€_
rÓr lr !>\ e
+<1- -++- _><-_ -)Þ<x- æ#l- -----Ð.{- ->.<_ -+Þ¡<ê æ--'ll-t+- -r\Ê- -Ð{-\Þe S:þ--+ütl- _-JÜF +üe- -xÜÞe +Üp-
+J<- *- +d4' +-+=+- -+ æF -*---lrl-- -+- -rr1++
_+_+----F- --l F J+ --{----x- + F
-r- 6F4-_- -++Þ<-- --qF
a66 Appendix
35 Heoling, Venliloling, ond Duclwork Symbolso_Am e rico n N qtion ol'stq nãã ro
Êrrtlf
ZOXIZ
-
l? xzo
l?)1,?O
High pressure Steam
Medium pressureReturn
Fuel Oil Flow
Compressed Air
Refrigerant Discharge
Refrigerant Suction
Brine Supply
Wall Radiator, plan
Wall Radiator onCeiling, plan
Unit Heater(Propeller), plan
Unit Heater (Centrif.ugal Fan), plan
Thermostatic Trap
Thermostatic Float
Thermometer
ïhermostat
Duct Plan (lst Fieure.Width; 2nd Deóth)
lnclined Drop in Re-spect to Air Flow
Supply Duct Section
Exhaust Duct Section
Recirculation DuctSection
Fresh Air Duct Section
Supply Ouflet
Exhaust lnlet
Volume Damper
Soi/, Waste or Leade¡(Above Grade)
Cold Water
Hot Water
Hot Water Return
Fire Line
Gas
Sprinklers-MainSupplies
Volume Damper
Deflecting Damper
Turning Vanes
Automatic Dampers
Canvas Connections
Fan and Motor withBelt Guard
lntake Louvres andùcreen
a ANSI/ASME y32.2.3_rg4g (R1994) and ANSI y32. 2.4_tg4g(R1993).
D
36 Americon Notionor stondord Grophicor symborsfor Eleclronic Diogromso
liiil!Ì
ii
ii
ii
ii
ll
.ö:EIPOL.AR
TRANSISTORS
GROUNDS
,+ + +cH^ss,s Eiurl â:åiåîiff
a2
8l
N-CHAfiNE. N-O{ATiNEL N-CHANNEL
ÐG2
scrSINGI¡-G^7E OUAL-CAIE SINGLE-GAIE
OS¡t€îtON MOOE
-
ENHANCEMENT UOOEUOSFET MOSFEI LOG¡C
GENERALAMPLIFIER
INTEGRATEDclRculls
(u#)
Ð ht* (0.,
\./ l-AMps
Frxco vARr^€/r€ \\ exoro
{Â^r 2{/\- -4zM¡
lt{ERMtStOR-^r tT- 4r-RESISTORS
++-r fficoNoucToRs sitEloEo wRE 0R co^xt^r c^81¡
JOIN€D
:||
-
A¡,oRESS of, DATA HULftpt¡ Co|TOUCÍORBUs cAatr
coN0ucl0RsNOI JOINÉD
-oTERI¡INAL
WIRING
SPSÍ SPOT NORI¡ALLY OPEN
{o ê -r-rrlcclE o o o
OO OO NoRM^lrY
/ oloTULNPOINI
SIY|TCHES uoutrT^nY
Nt
closÐO-r€
þIHERI¡AL
P-OTA¡{NE- P-CH^'{NEL P-C¡{^NNE. P-O{ANNE.
.@: .@: r-@: ._@:
EATTERIESrlr lrl=stNo¡ l¡uLncEtI cÊ¡I
AtR-CoRE
rrrntñor{-coRE
rrrnFERRIIE-8EAO
INOUCTORS
AD¡'SïA8tt
úÁ-oR
"T"ÌAPPED
"r"
AO,rrsÌABu AD¡,STASLE
AtR CORÉ tNoucf^NcE CoUPL|NC,
u,u.J t4) tJ$Jrrrn îrZ-{1 ry1n
e4 -
tuEE ELEMENTS _I ¡r'¡ooe
^ HEATER oR
I I ¡ruuexr
--- cRlo . cAS FILIED
l- .or,roo. Ç couo' I cAtHooE
DEFLECTION PLAlES
-_+fl*r.u^. REr-Ays il
COMMON
CONNECTIONS
I uaeL,l-
c0NfacfsMALE FEMALE
PHONE JACK
DfPHONE PLUG
ær-
coAxrAL coNNEctORS
tru^*fù è u^*YYMULT|PLE. 240 v FEMAT¡
uov¡eG'a--T---ì f-f-l Þ/MULrrpLE, l--l f-If YFrxED
cRouNo
FEMALE MALE MALE
,!s'q"q;'",!Biç]il".,'CND GND CÑD
CONNECTORS
Øuftesy Anerícan Rad¡o Belay League.
a68 Appendix
37 Form ond Proporfion of Geomelric Toleroncing Symbols"
'LTre O@OO@'
DATUM TARGET TARGET POINT
CONCENTRICITY CIRCULARITY MMC RFS PRq' TOL
PARALLELISM FLATNESS CYLINDRICITY DIAMETER POSITION
-T1.5 h/IPERPENDICULARITY ANGULARITY RUNOUT
TOTAL
" ANSÌ/ASME Y14.5M-1994.
ALL AROUND PROFILE SURFACE PROFILE LINE STRAIGHTNESS(PROFILE}
AII dimensions are in inches except those in last two columns. (,o
>{OF:-'(õ(r-0íJU,za00õ'rf?l0õ(h^0f,foo. -,oo'ö8
3o0
00otno
I
0)oo
Nomin¡Pipe
Size
IIJ
t4
l8
DOutside
Dirmefel
ofPipe
.405
.540
.675
Thre¡dsper Inch
27
18
18
l,r "No¡m¡l
ng¡gemel
by HendBeúween
Elerndrnd
lnternslTtre¡ds
.1 615
.2278
.240
14"
I¿ng0¡
ofEfrective
Thread
.2639
.4018
.4078
Nornin¡l t{rll Ïhic*ness
Sdrerl10
Sched.
môSche¿
30d
Scled.40d
.068
.088
.091
.10!)
.113
.133
.14
.t4s
Sùed.ó0.
Sùed.80'
.(D5
.119
,n6
Súed.100
Súed.lm
Sched.
tûScherl
160
I
.840
r.050
1.315
1.660
1.900
t4
14
1t .5
l1 .5
11.5
.320
.339
.400
.420
.420
.5337
.5457
.6828
.7068
.7235
.l4it
.154
.179
.191
2ilt
.188
.279
.2s0
.250
.281
4.547
3.637
2.904
2.30t
2.010
473.91
270.03
t66.62
96.275
70 77?2
¡!L2
J
¡lJ2
4
2.375
2.875
3.500
4.000
4.500
I 1.5
8
8
I8
.436
.682
.766
.821,
.u4
.7565
1.1375
1.2000
1.2500
I.3000
.154
203
216
.:226
.237
4M
J00
s62
.218
276
300
3lE
.3t7 438
.344
.375
.438
.531
1.608
1.328
1.091
.954
.848
42.913
30.077
19.479
14.565
17.3125.563
6.625
8.625
10.750
12.750
I8
8
8
8
-937
.958
1.063
1.210
1.360
1.4063
1.5125
1.7125
1.9250
2.1250
.zsn
.250
.250
.2s8
280
.322
.3ó5
.406
37s
.432
.500
.594
.688
594
719
u4
.500
.562
.719
.u4
1.000
812
I 000
I 125
.625
.779
.90ó
1.'t25
1.312
.686
.576
.443
.3s5
.299
7.199
4.984
2.878
1.826
14 0D
l6 0D
18 0D
20 0D
24oD
14.000
16 000
18.000
20.000
24.000
8
8
8
I8
1.562
1.812
2.000
2.125
2.375
2.zs(n
2.45M
2.6500
2.8500
3.2500
.250
.250
.250
.250
.250
.312
.312
.312
375
375
.375
37s
.438
.500
.562
.438
s00
.562
.594
.688
.594
.656
.750
.812
.969
.750
.u4
.938
L031
1.219
.938
L031
1.156
1.281
1.531
.094
.219
.37s
.500
.812
1.250
1.438
1.562
1.750
2.062
1.406
t.594
1.781,
1.969
2.344
.273
.239
.212
.191
.159
1.06s
.815
.644
.518
.358:+l:lîs^yE B36.t0M_1ee5 Refer toh ANSI/ASME 81.20.1_1983 (Rt 992).' Kefer ro $ I 3.22 and Fie. I 3.20.d Boldface figures correþond to..standard,, pipe. ; ä,'.'J,xîi' i: ff : Jff îHîi [ ;x
r ra sr rons " pi pe
39 Cost-lron Pipe, Thicknesses ond Weights-Americon Nolionol Stondord
16 ft Laying Lengúh
fVeight 0b) Based on
Class 50:50 psi Pressure-115 ft Head Class 200:200 psi Pressure--462 ft Head
590785
1,020
1,3507,6251,9802,3353,290
4,7656,3558,195
10,195
Class 250:250 psi Pressure-577 ft Head
Class 100: 100 psi Pressure-231 ft Head
19526s415590785
1,095
1,450r,7652,r352,5053,290
5,0956,8108,790
10,950
Class 300:300 psi Pressure--693 ft Head
T
I
3468
1012
1416182024
30364248
J468
i072
141.6
182024
30364248
468
1012
T41.6
182024
30364248
J46
Class 150: 150 psi Pressure-346 ft Head
Class 200: 200 psi Pressure--462 ftHead
Class 350: 350 psi Pressure-808 ft Head
195265415590850
1,095
1,4501,890) )152,6953,515
195265415590920
1,180
1,605r,9452,5202,9703,895
3',7.0
49.1.
63.7
84.4101.6723.1r45.9205.6
297.8397.1.5r2.3637.2
195265415590785
t,020T,L95r,525r,7202,0r52,655
4,1205,4557,0708.825
81012
t416182024
30364248
.4t
.44
.48
.55
.58
.63
.67
.79
.92r.021.131.23
15.3017.4019.5027.6025.80
32.0038.3044.5050.80
.32
.35
.38
.47
.44
.48
.48
.54
.54
.57
.63
.79
.87
.971.06
3.964.806.909.05
11.1013.20
15.3017.4019.502r.6025.80
32.0038.3044.5050.80
12.4i6.525.937.049.r63.7'74.6
95.2L07.6125.9166.0
257.6340.9442.0551.6
.59
.63
.68
.72
.79
3.964.806.909.05
11.1013.20
15.3017.4019.502t.6025.80
32.0038.3044.5050.80
12.41.6.525.937.049.tó8.s
90.61.1.0.4
t33.4156;7205.6
318.4425.5s49.5684.5
3468
10t2I4l6182024
30364248
t2.416.525.937.049.1.
63.7
78.895.2
114.8t35.9r78.1.
257.6340.9442.0551.6
1952654r5590785
r,020r,260r,5251,8352,1752,850
4,7205,4557,0708,825
.51
.54
.58
.62
.68
3.964.806.909.05
11.10t3.20
15.30t7.4019.502r.6025.80
3.964.806.909.05
11.10t3.2015.30t7.4019.502t.6025.80
72.416.525.937.053.168.5
90.6r18.2L42.3168.5279.8
J468
1012
t416182024
.32
.35
.38
.47
.48
.52
.59
.68
.78
.85
3.964.806.909.05
11.10t3.20
15.30t7.4019.5027.6025.80
32.ffi38.3044.5050.80
12.416.525.937.049.763.7
78.895.2
114.8135.9190.1
275.4365.9475.3589.6
t95265415s90785
1.,020
1.,260t,5251,8352,1753,040
4,4055,85s7,6059,435
.32
.35
.38
.41.
.44
.48
.51
.54
.58
.62
.73
.85
.941.05r.l4
12.416.525.931.057.473.8
97.5tt8.2t52.9180.2236.3
3468
10t2I41.6
182024
.32
.35
.38
.41.
.52
.56
.64
.68
.79
.84
.92
3.964.806.909.05
11.1013.20
15.30r7.4019.5027.6025.80
396480690
'Average weight per foot based on calculated rveight of pipe before rounding.
Append¡x aZl
40 cost-lron Pipe screwed Filtings,o I25 lb-Americon Notionol stondord
TEE cRoss 4s'ELaow
DIMENSIONS OF gO'AND 45'ELBOWS,TEES,AND CROSSES (STRAIGHT SIZES)All dimensions given in inches.
Fittings having right- and left-hand threads shall have foúr or -o.räù, or the letter,.L,,cast on the band at endwith left_hand thread.
Centerto End,Elbows,
Teeg andCrosses
A
Centerto End,
450
ElbowsC
.73
.80
.88
.98
I.12
1.29
I.43
1.68
1.95
2.77
2.39
2.61
3.05
3.46
4.28
5.16
5.97
Lengthof
ïhread,Min.
B
.32
.36
.43
.50
.58
.67
.70
.75
.92
.98
1.03
1.08
1.18
I.28
r.47
1.68
1.88
lvidrhof
Ban4MÍn.
E
.38
.44
.50
.56
.62
.69
.75
.84
.94
1.00
1.06
7.12
1.18
7.28
r.47
1.68
i.88
MetalThick-ness
G
.11
.I2
.I3
.15
.17
.18
.20
.22
.24
.26
.28
.31
.38
.43
.55
.69
.80
NominalPipeSize
1
4381
234
1
r1!4rlt2
2
¡1z2
3
-tr1
4
5
ó
8
10
t2
.81
.95
1.72
1.31
1.s0
7.75
1.94
2.2s
2.70
3.08
3.42
3.79
4.50
5.13
6.56
8.08b
9.50b
Diameterof
Band,Min.H
.93
1..t2
r.34
r.63
r.95
2.39
2.68
3.28
3.86
4.62
5.20
s.79
7.05
8.28
10.63
13.72
75.47' From ANSI/ASME 816.4-1992.b This applies to elbows and tees only.
90" ELBow
Max.
.58
.72
.90
1.11
1.38
1.73
7.97
2.44
2.97
3.60
4.t0
4.60
5.66
6.72
8.72
10.85
12.85
Min.
.54
.67
.84
1.05
1.31
r.66
1.90
2.37
2.87
3.50
4.00
4.-s0
5.56
6.62
8.62
70.75
I2.75
a72 Appendix
41 Cost-lron Pipe Screwed Fitlings,o 25O lb-Americon Notionol Slondord
DIMENSIONS OF 90'AND 45'ELBOWS,TEES,AND CROSSES (STRAIGHT SIZES)
All dimensions given in inches.The 2501b standard for screwed fittings covers only the straight sizes of 90" and 45" elbows, tees, and crosses.
lHl
NominalPipeSize
1
4381
zJ
4
Centerto End,Elbowg
Tees, andC¡osses
A
.94
1.06
t.25
1.44
1.63
1.94
2.r3
2.50
2.94
3.38
3.75
4.t3
4.88
5.63
7.00
8.63
10.00
Centerto End,
45'Elbows
c
.81
.88
1.00
t.L3
t.3t1.50
7.69
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.63
2.81.
3.t9
3.50
4.31.
s.19
6.00
Lengthof
Thread,Min.
B
.43
.47
.57
.64
.75
.84
.87
1.00
1..17
r.23
t.28
r.33
7.43
1.53
1.72
r.93
2.13
Iryidrhof
Band,Min.
E
.49
.55
.60
.68
.76
.88
.97
7.t2
1.30
1.40
r.49
7.57
r.74
r.97
2.24
2.58
2.91
.18
.18
.20
.23
.28
.33
.35
.39
.43
.48
.52
.56
.66
.74
.90
1.08
1.24
1
rà
1+
2
^l¿1
3
^tJ,
4
5
6
8
10
t2
MetalThick-
ness
G
Dia¡neterof
Band,Min.H
I.17
1.36
1.59
1.88
2.24
2.73
3.07
3.74
4.60
5.36
5.98
6.6r'7.92
9.24
77.73
14.37
16.84
Max.
.58
.72
.90
1..1r
1.38
r.73
t.97
2.44
2.97
3.60
4.10
4.60
s.66
6.72
8.72
10.85
72.85
Min.
.54
.67
.84
1.05
1.31
1..66
1.90
2.37
2.87
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.56
6.62
8.62
70.75
12.75
" From ANSI/ASME 816.4-1992.
42
NominalPipeSize
1
1ÌIi21tLt3
J;4
ShorfCenterto Face
Thue(.Yrt
andLateral
E
7.75
r.752.002.502.503.003.003.003.503.504.s05.005.506.006.507.008.009.00
10.00
Facefo
FaceReducer
F
Diamete¡of
Flange
Cqst-lron Pipe Flonges ond Fittings,o l25 lb_Americon Nolionol Stqndord
S DE OUILETELBOW
43C LATERAL
5
6
810
t274oD16 0D18 0D20 0D24 0D30 0D36 0D42oD48 0D
Centerto Face,
900Long
RadiusElbow
B
5.005.506.006.s07.007.75
8.s09.00
t0.2s11.50
14.00
1ó.50
19.0027.5024.0026.5029.0034.0041.5049.00
56.5064.00
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
8.0
9.011.0
12.014.0
16.0
18.0
19.020.024.030.036.042.048.0
WâllThick-
ness
4so EL80W OOUALE SRANCHELBOW
DIMENSIONS OF ELBOWS, DOUBLE BRANCH ELBOJVS,TEES, CROSSES, LATERALS,TRUE Y'S(SIRAIGHT SIZES), AND REDUCÊRSAll dimensions in inches.
Centerto trhce
900ElboqTeeE
CrossesTlue "Ytt
andDoubleBranchElbow
A
Centerto
Face45"
ElbowC
7.75
2.002.25
2.503.003.003.504.004.505.005.506.507.s07.508.008.509.50
11.00
15.0018.00
2I.0024.00
Cenferfo
trhceLateral
D
5.75
6.25
7.00
8.00
9.s010.00
11.50
12.00
13.50
14.50
77.50
20.50
24.50
27.00
30.00
32.00
35.0040.50
ol lo
Ihick-nessof
Flange,M¡n.
.44
.50
.56
.62
.69
.75
.81
.94
.94
1.001.72
1.79
7.25
1.38
7.44
1.56
1.69
1.88
2.722.38
2.62
2.75
1.00
I.251.50
2.002.s03.003.s04.005.006.008.00
10.00
72.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.0024.0030.0036.0042.0048.00
3.503.75
4.004.505.005.506.006.s07.s08.009.00
11.00
72.00
14.00
15.00
16.5018.00
22.0025.00
28.0031.0034.00
4.254.62
5.006.00
7.00
7.508.50
9.0010.00
11.0013.50
16.0019.00
27.00
23.5025.00
27.5032.0038.75
46.0053.00
59.50
.31
.31
.31
.3i
.3r
.38
.44
.50
.50
.56
.62
.75
.81
.881.00
1.06
I.I2r.257.441.62
1.81
2.00' ANSI/ASME 816.1_1989.
a74 Appendix
43 Cosl-lron Pipe Flonges, Drilling for Bolts ond Their Lengths'o 125 lb-Americon Nolionol Stondord
Thick-nessof
FlangetMin.
.44
.50
.56
.62
.69
.75
.81
.94
.94
1.00
t.l21.19
1.25
1.38
t.44
1.56
t.69
1.88
2.12
2.38
2.62
2.75
NominalPipeSize
Diameterof
BoltCircle
3.r2
3.50
3.88
4.75
5.50
6.00
7.00
7.50
8.50
9.50
7t.75
14.25
17.00
18.75
21.25
22.75
25.00
29.50
36.00
42.75
49.50
56.00
.62
.62
.62
.75
.75
.75
.75
.75
,88
.88
.88
1.00
1.00
1..12
1.12
1.25
7.25
1.38
1.38
1.62
1.62
1.62
Diameterof
Bolfs
.50
.50
.50
.62
.62
.62
.62
.62
.75
.75
;15
.88
.88
1.00
1.00
r.12
Lr2r.25
t.25
1.50
1.50
1.50
Diameterof
BoltHoles
1
1å
1,+
2
.LL2
J
3i4
5
6
8
10
t214 0D16 0D18 0D20 0D24oD30 0D36 0D42oD48 0D
4.25
4.62
5.00
6.00
7.00
7.50
8.50
9.00
10.00
11.00
13.50
16.00
19.00
21.00
23.50
25.00
27.50
32.00
38.75
46.00
53.00
59.50
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
8
12
72
t2T6
t620
20
28
32
36
44
Shaft DiameterD
t{ to trÞ
$tot$z tozþ3 to3!32
4 and over
44 Shoft Center Sizes
Shaft DiameterD A
5643321
83161
4
àt" *Ir" Lu
'er" #s25'Í610 32
{f to r$
B
3643641
1ó564332
C
i1ó1
165
64332332
A
5t6387161
z9i6
B
5323Ð7
327
327
32
c5
325
323G
'7
Ð'l
32
" ANSI 816.1-1989.
Appendix azs45
NominalPipeSÍze
1.
r-lL4
r1!2
2.>L
J.lr)4
90 DE6
Center-fo-FbceElbow
and TeeA
Cenúer-to-FaceLong
RadiusElbow
B
REDUC ER
Center.to.Fbcrc
45"Elbow
c
Cost-lron p¡pe Ftonges crnd Fiftings,o 25O lb_Americon Nof¡onol -stondo rd
LONG RADIUS 45 DEO
DIMENSIONS OF ELBO}VS, TEES, AND REDUCERSAll dimensions are given in inches.
5
6
8
10
12
1.4oD
16 0D18 0D20 0D24 0D30 0D
" ANSI 816.1_1989
1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
73.25
15.25
17.00
19.00
23.00
29.00
IVallIhick-ness
ofBody
.44
.44
.44
.44
.50
.56
.56
.62
.69
.75
.81
.94
1.00
r.12
Diameterof
Flange
4.88
5.25
6.t2
6.50
7.50
8.25
9.00
10.00
Thick-ness
ofFlange,Min.
.69
.75
.81
.88
1.00
1.12
1.79
7.2s
i.38
I.44
r.62
1.88
2.00
2.I2
2.69
3.06
3.56
4.I9
4.94
5.69
6.31
6.94
8.31
9.69
17.94
i4.06
16.44
18.94
2I.06
23.31
25.56
30.31
37.79
4.00
4.25
4.50
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
8.00
8.50
i0.00
11.50
13.00
15.00
16.50
18.00
19.50
22.50
27.s0
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.75
8.50
9.00
10.25
11.50
14.00
16.50
19.00
2L.50
24.00
26.50
29.00
34.00
41.50
2.00
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.50
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
5.50
6.00
7.00
8.00
8.50
9.50
10.00
10.50
L2.00
15.00
Face-fo-
FhceReducer
G
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
8.00
9.00
11.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
24.00
30.00
7.25
1.38
1.50
1.62
2.00
i1.00
t2.50
15.001? <^
20.50
23.00
25.50
28.00
30.50
36.00
43.00
2.25
2.38
2.50
2.75
3.00
REDUC I N 6 STRAIOHT TEE
a76 Appendix
46 Cost-lron Pipe Flonges, Drilling for Bolts ond Their Lengths,o 25O lb-Americon Nqfionol Stondord
NominalPipeSize
1
rI1+
2o14
3
^l
4
5
6
8
10
L2
14 0D16 0D
18 0D20oD24oD30 0D
I)inmeterof
Flange'
4.88
5.25
6.72
6.50
7.50
8.2s
9.00
10.00
1L.00
t2.50
15.00
t7.50
20.50
23.00
25.50
28.00
30.50
36.00
43.00
ThichessofFlange,
Min.
.69
.75
.81
.88
1.00
1..r2
7.79
1.25
1.38
7.44
1..62
1.88
2.ffi2.12
2.25
2.38
2.50
2.75
3.00
Diameterof Raised. E¡ce
2.69
3.06
3.56
4.19
4.94
6.69
6.3t
6.94
8.31
9.69
7L.94
t4.06
t6.44
78.94
21.06
23.37
25.s6
30.31
37.19
Diameterof BoltCircle
3.s0
3.88
4.50
5.00
s.88
6.47.25
7.88
9.25
70.62
13.00
15.25
t7.75
20.25
22.50
24.75
27.00
32.00
39.25
I)iameterof BoltHoles
.75
.75
.88
.75
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
1.00
t.t2r.25
1.25
1.38
1.38
1.38
7.62
2.00
Numberof
Bolts
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
8
8
t2
t21.6
t6
20
20
24
24
24
28
.62
.62
.75
.62
.75
.75
.75
.75
.75
.75
.88
1.00
7.72
t.L2
t.25
r.25
r.25
1.50
r.75
2.50
2.50
2.75
2.75
3.25
3.50
3.50
3.75
4.00
4.00
4.50
5.25
5.50
6.00
6.25
6.50
6.7s
7.50
8.50
" ANSI B1ó.1-1989.
Decimal and Millimeter Equivalents
4ths Sths l6ths 32nds 64ths
To4Places
To3Places
lo2Places
frl il l¡-
meters 4ths Sths l6thr 32nds 64ths
To4Places
To3Places
To2Places
iri[í.meters
å-
3I
-Ll6
+l-64 .016 I .02
.o3r I 03
.047 I .05
.062 Lo6
.oz8 Lo8
.oe4 I .oe
.ros I .lr
.ns I )2
.r4r Lt4
.1b6 I .16
.û2 I .n
.r88 l.rs
.2ß I .20
.2re Lz2
.n4 L23
.250 L2s
.266 L2t
.28t I .za
.2s7 I .¡o
.stz I .¡l
.328 I ¡:
.344 I .¡¿
35eI".375 I .38
.3el l.:g
.406 I .¿r
.422 I .oz
.438 I .44
.453 I .¿s
.46s I .qt
.484 I .¿s
.soo I .so
.397
.794
1. 191
1.588
1.984
2.38t2.778
3.r75
3.572
3.969
4.366
4.762
5.r59
5.556
5.953t4-1
5I
of6-
t732-
¡-164 .516
,53 1
.547
.562
.578
.594
.609
.625
.64 r
.656
.672
.688
. i03
.7t9
.734
.i50
.766
.781
.797
.8t2
.828
.844
1.000
.52
.53
.55
.56
.58
.59
.61
.62
.64
.66
.67
.69
.70
.72
.73
.75
.77
.78
.80
.81
.83
.84
.86
.88
.89
.91
.92
.94
.95
.97
.98
1.00
_l64- Ji64
l_32
564
¡l32
3Z64
L64- ¡l64
l_ló-
-532
9E4
u¡ó
2732
4t64
Ll64 4¡
64
{z
ll64-2)32
!1564
15ó4 4t
64
l_1ó
e32
L764-
TI
lJtló-
2532
4i64
l964 5l
64
It32
2764
2712
H
2f64 55
64
L1ó
LI32
2564
15ló
29l2
5764
2L64 59
64
-1532
2964
tl32
ål64
fi64 ói
64
C Show construction
D Show dimensions; show given or required data
I Improve form or spacing
H Too heavy
NH Not heavy enough
Decimal meâsurements may be set otï directly
Not dark enough
Sharpen pencil or compass lead
Use guide lines
Improve arrowheads
Error in encircled area
Metric meqsure1nelts may be set off directly on drawinlp with the metric scaleoÈ drawinlp witå the engineers'scale, or the decimal scãle.
Symbols for Instmctors Corrections
A
6
ND
.5L
GL