Modern Electrical Power Modern Electrical Power Production and Delivery Production and Delivery Ralph E. Fehr, III, P.E. Ralph E. Fehr, III, P.E. Consultant and Adjunct Professor of Electrical Engineering University of South Florida September 16, 2004 September 16, 2004
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Modern Electrical Power Production and Delivery Ralph E. Fehr, III, P.E. Consultant and Adjunct Professor of Electrical Engineering University of South.
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Modern Electrical PowerModern Electrical PowerProduction and DeliveryProduction and Delivery
Ralph E. Fehr, III, P.E.Ralph E. Fehr, III, P.E.
Consultantand
Adjunct Professor of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of South Florida
September 16, 2004September 16, 2004
This Powerpoint slideshowThis Powerpoint slideshowis available on theis available on the
USF Power website:USF Power website:
http://web.tampabay.rr.com/usfpower/fehr.htm
Thomas Edison and Thomas Edison and the Incandescent the Incandescent
LampLamp
Nikola Tesla and the Nikola Tesla and the Induction CoilInduction Coil
1100 kWh / person
180 x 109 kWh
40 GW peak
11,000 kWh / person
3 x 1012 kWh
750 GW peak
25,000 kWh / person
10 x 1012 kWh
1500 – 2000 GW peak
U.S Electricity UsageU.S Electricity Usageas a Percentage of Total Energy Usageas a Percentage of Total Energy Usage
Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitors (TCSCs)Static Compensators (STATCOMs)Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)Static VAR Compensators (SVCs)
230kV SVC
ReliabilityReliabilityAvailabilityAvailability
Typically at least 99.99% (excluding major storm outages)(excluding major storm outages)
52.5 minutes/year of outage time
May be ok for today, but must improve in the future.
Voltage ControlVoltage Control
Steady State = ±5% normally (ANSI Range A)
= ±10% during contingencies (ANSI Range B)
Harmonic MitigationHarmonic Mitigation
Voltage THD = 5% (V 69 kV)= 2.5% (69 kV < V < 161 kV)= 1% (V 161 kV)
Current THD = 5% to 20% (depending on ratio of shortcircuit availability to load current)
Transient per ITIC Chart (next slide)
ITIC CurveITIC Curve
ANSI ANSI Range BRange B
FRIENDSFRIENDSFlexible, Reliable and Intelligent Electrical eNergy Delivery Systems
DESS
G
DG
FilterUPS
DESS
QCC
Tr.
DESS
G
DG
Computer
Ordinary& High
SuperPremium
DCPower
FRIENDS NWProtector
QCC Protector
NormallyOPEN
Power system A DCNetwork
Power system B
H.V.BusSolid- stateSwitch
Power lines
Customers
Utility Branch,Substations,nearly QCCs.
to
QCC can controldemand side.
L.V.Bus
Tr.
FRIENDS Quality Control Center (QCC)
Outage Restoration after a Major Outage Restoration after a Major DisasterDisaster
Widespread Power System DevastationWidespread Power System DevastationWorse at the Lower (Distribution) VoltagesWorse at the Lower (Distribution) Voltages
Higher-voltage (transmission) circuits are more durable and less susceptable to wind and tree problems.
A utility system has many more circuit-miles of distribution than transmission; therefore, the distribution system has a much greater “exposure.”