MODERN ARCHITECTURE TRENDS

Assis. Lecturer Raghad Ahmed Fadhil Architecture Engineering Department
College of Engineering/ Mustansiriyah University
Circumstances
PRAIRIE SCHOOL
• Prairie School is a late 19th- and early 20th-century architectural style, most common to the Midwestern United States. It has its roots in the city of Chicago, but its influence was felt around the world.
• The emergence of the Prairie School style was nourished by a small group of architects. They wanted to develop an architecture style suitable to the American Midwest and independent of historical and revivalist influence.
• The Prairie School was heavily influenced by the philosophy of Ralph Waldo Emerson, who believed that better homes would create better people.
• it shared an embrace of handcrafting and craftsmanship as the Arts and Crafts Movement reaction to the dehumanizing effects of mass production.
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MODERN ARCHITECTURE TRENDS
THE FREDERICK C. ROBIE HOUSE U. S . CHI CAGO, 1 9 0 9 - 1 9 1 0 , FRANK LLOYD WRI GHT
• 1. horizontal lines
• 3. windows grouped in horizontal bands
• 4. integration with the landscape,
• 5.solid construction,
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MODERN ARCHITECTURE TRENDS
THE FREDERICK C. ROBIE HOUSE U. S . CHI CAGO, 1 9 0 9 - 1 9 1 0 , FRANK LLOYD WRI GHT
• Constructivist architecture, or ‘constructivism’, is a form of modern architecture that developed in the Soviet Union in the 1920s. Inspired by the wider constructivist art movement that emerged from Russian Futurism.
• The movement became outdated in the mid- 1930s, but it has had a definite influence on many subsequent architectural movements, such as Brutalism.
CONSTRUCTIVIST ARCHITECTURE
• 2. The socio-political principles of Communism.
• 3. the application of 3D cubism to abstract and non- objective elements.
• 4.The style incorporated straight lines, cylinders, cubes and rectangles; and merged elements of the modern age such as radio antennae, tension cables, concrete frames and steel girders.
• 5. The possibilities of modern materials were also explored, such as steel frames that supported large areas of glazing, exposed rather than concealed building joints, balconies and sun decks.
• 6.The style aimed to explore the opposition between different forms as well as the contrast between different surfaces, predominately between solid walls and windows, which often gave the structures their characteristic sense of scale and presence.
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MODERN ARCHITECTURE TRENDS
De Stijl Dutch for "The Style", also known as Neoplasticism, was a Dutch artistic movement founded in 1917 in Leiden.
De Stijl consisted of artists and architects.
De Stijl is also the name of a journal. the group's principal members were the painters Piet Mondrian, Vilmos Huszár, and Bart van der Leck, and the architects Gerrit Rietveld, Robert van 't Hoff, and J. J. P. Oud.
De Stijl advocated pure abstraction and universality by a reduction to the essentials of form and color.
they simplified visual compositions to vertical and horizontal, using only black, white and primary colors.
De Stijl
• In painting, the neoplastic characteristics are :
• 1. the geometric abstraction, which means the use of few, basic geometric elements, such as the line and the right angle.
• 2. The use of only primary colors – together with black, white and gray – is predominant.
• 3.Rectangles and repeated blocks – as in the famous Mondrian’s paintings.
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MODERN ARCHITECTURE TRENDS
to achieve harmony through the balance of the relationship between lines, colors and
planes. But only in clearest and strongest way”. (Piet Mondrian)
Characteristics
DE STIJL IN ARCHITECTURE
• 1. colored areas correspond to solid and the non-colored (neutral) areas match the void.
• 2.In many of the group's three-dimensional works, vertical and horizontal lines are positioned in layers or planes that do not intersect, thereby allowing each element to exist independently and unobstructed by other elements.
• 3.The De Stijl movement posited the fundamental principle of the geometry of the straight line, the square, and the rectangle, combined with a strong asymmetricity.
• 4.The use of elements in an arrangement of non- objective forms and lines.
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The Schröder House,
T.G. Rietveld (1924)
1. White primary elements to shape the house and its structure.
2. Gray or white plain elements to define the relationship between inside and outside.
3. Linear elements, vertical and horizontal – lintels, pillars, drainpipes – colored in yellow, red and blue combined with white, gray and black;
4. Functional elements – windows, doors, railings, exterior staircase and skylight – colored in black and white.
5.the interior spaces have been organized according to the function they are intended to: on the ground floor there are the rooms to eat, study and work, bounded by walls. On the upper floor, in a unique environment, definable through the use of sliding walls, there are the areas to sleep and for intellectual activities. All the furnishing inside the house has been design by the Architect as well.
MODERN ARCHITECTURE TRENDS