Moderate Phase of Congress

Moderate PhaseModerate Phase

Indian National Indian National CongressCongress

History of Indian National congress is divided into four Phases

• 1885-1905 Era of Moderate nationalism

• 1905- 1919 Era of Radical nationalism

• 1919-1939 Era of Gandhi

• 1940-1947 Final Phase

Moderate PhaseMain persons who dominated the congress during it’s Moderate phase were – W.C. Banerjea, Surendranath Banerjea, R.C.Dutt, Dadabhai Naoroji, gopal Krishna Gokhale, A.O. Hume and Wedderburn

Moderates were those persons whose political opinions and activities were not Radical.

Firstly, They had full faith in the British government and their sense of justice.

Secondly, They asked for constitutional reforms.

Thirdly, Methods of struggle were also quite moderate. They carried their agiattion through petitions and resolutions.

Moderates were those persons whose political opinions and activities were not Radical.

Firstly, They had full faith in the British government and their sense of justice.

Secondly, They asked for constitutional reforms.

Thirdly, Methods of struggle were also quite moderate. They carried their agiattion through petitions and resolutions.

ProgrammeProgramme

Constitutional Reforms

• Expansion of Legislative Councils

• Self Government under British Dominion like that in Canada and Australia

Administartive Reforms

• Employment to Indians in High Offices

• Representation of Indians to Executive Council of the Viceroy

• Holding Examination for civil services in England and India

• Separation of Executive from Judiciary

• Increase in the power of the local boddies

Socio – Economic Reforms

• Reduction in Land Revenue

• Credit Facility

• Abolition on Salt Tax

• Promote Industrial Growth

• Reduction in Expenditure on Army

Safeguarding Civil Liberties

• Freedom of expression

• Freedom to form Associations

• Their Belief

• Methhods of Struggle : Petitions, Resolutions, Meetings in towns and villages, Distributing pamphlets, sending Delegations to England

• Official Attitude

• Shortcomings – Methods, No mass appeal, Faith in British

• Achievements- Infused Nationalism, Portrayed the British In True Nature, Raised Voice against Social Vices, Exerted pressure as a result Indian Council Act was passed in 1892.

• Their Belief

• Methhods of Struggle : Petitions, Resolutions, Meetings in towns and villages, Distributing pamphlets, sending Delegations to England

• Official Attitude

• Shortcomings – Methods, No mass appeal, Faith in British

• Achievements- Infused Nationalism, Portrayed the British In True Nature, Raised Voice against Social Vices, Exerted pressure as a result Indian Council Act was passed in 1892.

Dadabhai Naoroji (1825- 1917)

Dadabhai Naoroji (1825- 1917)

THE GRAND OLD MAN OF INDIA

1. India’s Unofficial Ambassador 1866 founded East India Association First Indian to win a seat in British Parliament Raised voice for the cause of India and People of Indian Origin

2. Founder Member of Indian National congressPresided 3 times (1886, 1893, 1906)

3. Historic Address at the Kolkata Session in 1906

“ All legislation, taxation and all powers of spending the taxes were in the hands of

representatives of the people, so should it be in India. We do not ask for any favour. We

want justice”

4. Recognition of the True nature of British edited ‘ Rast goftar’ , started magazine – ‘Dharma Marg Darshak’. Criticised the ill effects of British rule

Drain Theory : ‘ Poverty and Un - British rule in India

‘THE INDIAN BURKE’‘THE INDIAN BURKE’

Successfully competed for the ICS Examination in 1869 but was expelled in 1873. Afterwards he became professor of English.

1. Fight against Injustice : Founded Indian Association in 1876. Toured India to protest against the reduction of the age limit for appearing in the civil services exams. Raised voice against the Arms Act and Vernacular Press Act

2. Elected offices were just means to serve people : Was elected to Kolkata corporation 1876, remained there for more than 2 decades.Elected to the Bengal Legislative Council in 1894, 1896 and 1900

3. Convened Indian National Conference : 1883, First organization of an all India character. Later on merged into Indian National Congress. Two times president of Congress (1895,1902)

4. Role as a journalist : Edited ‘The bengalee’ by W.C. Bonnerjea. Criticised the policies of the government

5. Firm Believer in India’s Right to Self-Government : In the beginning a Moderate. Later on Complete Independence. Wrote a Book ‘A Nation in the Making’

6. Favoured Constitutional Means :

A Moderate – “Opposition where necessary, cooperation where possible”

Opposed Violent Means

Supporter of Swadeshi Movement

Gopal Krishna Gokhale(1866 - 1915)

‘Political Guru of Gandhi’

Editor of ‘Sudharak’, a journal of Poona Sarvajanik Sabha

1. Important Congress Leader : President in 1905, had immense faith in British

“The goal of the congress should be the attainment

of a form of government similar to that which existed in the self-governing colonies of the

British Empire”

2. Faith in constitutional Means : Believed in Petitions and Appeals, supported the Swadeshi Movement

3. Servants of India Society : 1905, Trained men to do social service, worked for the education of women and the Depressed Classes.

4. His Work Abroad : Went to England many times, Also to South Africa on Invitation of Gandhi ji.

5. His Economic Ideas : Reduction of Land Revenue, Protection to Handicrafts, More employment to the Indians

Thank you