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1© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C97-340375-00

Routed Access in theCampus Network


Cisco’s Technology Vision:The Intelligent Information Network

Get More Value from Applications

Get More Value from Infrastructure and Resources

Get More Value from the Network Foundation

Net

wor

k In

telli

genc

e

Time

The Intelligent Movement of Data/Voice/Video across a System of Networks

Integrated Transport

Integrated Services

Virtualized Resources and Services

Integrated Applications

Network-Enabled Applications

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3


The Market

“Resources are tight. A complex network infrastructure will only further drain those resources. To prepare, strive for simplicity and uniformity.”

CIO Magazine

“... a collaboration analyst at Forrester, concurs. “It’s undeniable that electronic communication and collaboration between companies is increasing,…”

CIO Magazine


Challenges

• Real-time applications are driving network needs

VoIP, IP Video, Converged networks, CRM and Instant Messaging

• Network recovery and downtime are critical

Downtime is expensive

Five and Six 9s reliability

• Network complexity delays services integration

• IT responsible for driving business process

CRM, Mobility and Access to Data


Access

Distribution

Core

Network Have Been Built forClient-Server Applications

• Hierarchical traffic: desktop to server

• Non real-time

• Centralized

• Data only

• Rule of 90–10SiSi SiSi SiSi SiSi

SiSi SiSi

Decreasing Intelligence

Valuable Services are Closer to the Servers


What Is High Availability?

DPM—Defects per Million

Availability Downtime Per Year (24x365)

99.000%

99.500%

99.900%

99.950%

99.990%

99.999%

99.9999%

3 Days

1 Day

53 Minutes

5 Minutes

30 Seconds

15 Hours

19 Hours

8 Hours

4 Hours

36 Minutes

48 Minutes

46 Minutes

23 Minutes

DPM

10000

5000

1000

500

100

10

1

“High Availability”


What If You Could…Reduce Cost Through Diminished Risk of Downtime

• Costs for downtime are high One day cost of lost productivity = $1,644 per employee

100 person office = $164K per day

• More than just a datanetwork outage

• More than just revenue impactedRevenue loss

Productivity loss

Impaired financial performance

Damaged reputation

Recovery expenses

$ 205$1,010,536Average

$ 107$ 668,586Transportation

$ 244$1,107,274Retail

$ 370$1,202,444Insurance

$1,079$1,495,134Financial Institution

$ 134$1,610,654Manufacturing

$ 186$2,066,245Telecommunications

$ 569$2,817,846Energy

Revenue/ Employee-

HourRevenue/HourIndustry Sector

Source: Meta Group


Routed Access in the Campus

• Routing in the campus access layer

• Utilizes EIGRP/OSPF for routing services

• Spanning Tree Protocol is not used

• ProvidesIncreased resiliency for VoIP and

Maximize your existing redundant connections

Less configuration complexity

Common troubleshooting tools Layer 2Layer 3

SiSi SiSi

SiSi SiSi


SiSi SiSi

SiSiSiSi

SiSi SiSi

Data Center

Multilayer Network DesignWithout a Rock Solid Foundation the Rest Doesn’t Matter

• Offers hierarchy―each layer has specific role

• Modular topology―building blocks

• Easy to grow, understand, and troubleshoot

• Creates small fault domains―Clear demarcations and isolation

• Promotes load balancing and redundancy

• Promotes deterministic traffic patterns

• Incorporates balance of both Layer 2 and Layer 3 technology, leveraging the strength of both

• Utilizes Layer 3 Routing for load balancing, fast convergence, scalability, and controlAccess

Distribution

Core

Distribution

Access


Routed Campus Access Layer

• VLANs are isolated to Wiring Closet

• Stub routing in Access, no STP or HSRP/VRRP

• Faster convergence and better load balancing

• Topology could be the same… or…

DistributionLayer 3

AccessLayer 3

3 4 6 7 8 9Subnets

StubRouting


• EIGRP or OSPF routed links between access and distribution• Routed interfaces, not VLAN trunks, between switches• Equal cost multi path to load balance traffic across network• Route summarization at distribution (like L2/L3)• Single control plane to configure/manage (no STP or HSRP)

Routed Access DesignStructured Design Foundation

10.1.20.010.1.120.0

VLAN 20 DataVLAN 120 Voice

VLAN 40 DataVLAN 140 Voice

10.1.40.010.1.140.0

EIGRP or OSPFEqual Cost Multi Path

Layer 2

Layer 3

SiSiSiSi

SiSi SiSi Access

Distribution


Keep Redundancy Simple

• Root Placement?

• How Many Blocked Links?

• Convergence?

• Complex Fault Resolution

“If Some Redundancy is Good, More Redundancy is NOT Better”


Ease of Implementation

Less to Get Right• No STP feature placement core

to distributionLoopGuardRootGuardSTP Root

• No default gateway redundancy setup/tuning

• No matching of STP/HSRP/GLBP priority

• No L2/L3 multicast topology inconsistencies


Ease of Troubleshooting

• Routing Troubleshooting ToolsShow ip routeTraceroutePing and extended pingsExtensive protocol debugsConsistent troubleshooting; access, dist, core

• Bridging Troubleshooting ToolsShow ARPShow spanning-tree, standby, etc…Multiple show CAM dynamic’s to find a host

• Failure DifferencesRouted topologies fail closed—i.e. neighbor lossLayer 2 topologies fail open—i.e. broadcast and unknowns flooded


Advantages of Routed AccessIn the Right Environment

• EIGRP and OSPF converge in <200 msec

• OSPF convergence times dependent on timer tuning

• RPVST+ convergence times dependent on GLBP/HSRP tuning

00.20.40.60.8

11.21.41.61.8

2

RPVST+ OSPF EIGRP

UpstreamDownstream

Seco

nds


Multicast Routed Access Campus DesignThings You Don’t Have to Do…

• Tune PIM query interval for designated router convergence

• Configure designated router to match HSRP primary

• Configure PIM snooping on L2 switches between L3 switches

• Worry about all those L2/L3 flow inconsistency issues


Routed Access Considerations

• Do you have any Layer 2 VLAN adjacencyrequirements between access switches?

• IP addressing—do you have enough addressspace and the allocation plan to support arouted access design?

• Platform requirementsCatalyst 6500 requires an MSFC with hybrid (CatOS and Cisco IOS®) in the access to get all the necessary switch port and routing features

Catalyst 4500 requires a SUP4 or higher for EIGRP or OSPF


Why Routed Access Campus Design?

• Most Enterprise Catalysts® support L3 switching today• EIGRP/OSPF routing preference over spanning tree• Single control plane and well known tool set

Traceroute, show ip route, sho ip eigrp neighbor, etc…

• IGP enhancements; stub router/area, fast reroute, etc..• It is another design option available to you

Layer 2

Layer 3

SiSi SiSi

SiSi SiSi

Access

Distribution


Access

Distribution

Core

Distribution

Access

Data Center

SiSi SiSi

SiSi SiSi

SiSi SiSi

Hierarchical Campus DesignRouted Access Building Blocks

• Highly available and fast—always on• Deploy QoS end-to-end: protect the good and

punish the bad • Equal cost core links provide for best convergence

• Highly available and fast—always on• Deploy QoS end-to-end: protect the good and

punish the bad • Equal cost core links provide for best convergence

• Access layer aggregation • Route summarization to the core to minimize

routing events• Route filtering from the core to minimize routing

table size in access• OSPF stub area border (ABR)• Keep your redundancy simple; equal cost

load balancing between access and core• Vary CEF algorithm to prevent polarization

• Access layer aggregation • Route summarization to the core to minimize

routing events• Route filtering from the core to minimize routing

table size in access• OSPF stub area border (ABR)• Keep your redundancy simple; equal cost

load balancing between access and core• Vary CEF algorithm to prevent polarization

• Network trust boundary• VLANs are contained to the access switch• Use EIGRP or OSPF on interfaces to

distribution layer• Use parallel paths for Equal Cost Multi Path (ECMP)

routing • Use EIGRP stub routers or OSPF stub areas to limit

scope of convergence events

• Network trust boundary• VLANs are contained to the access switch• Use EIGRP or OSPF on interfaces to

distribution layer• Use parallel paths for Equal Cost Multi Path (ECMP)

routing • Use EIGRP stub routers or OSPF stub areas to limit

scope of convergence events


Who Can Benefit

Enterprise Customers Who Are• Implementing VoIP, IP video

or collaboration applications

• Looking to improve network availability

• Wanting to decrease network complexity

• Standardizing on one set of protocols for the network

• Easing the growing burden of network configuration and maintenance

• Implementing CRM or databases company wide

• Increasing intelligence into the wiring closet


Water Agency Improves Network AvailabilitySan Antonio Water Systems

• Customer ChallengesAlleviate bandwidth constraints at network edgeImprove network availability and database application performanceMaintain operation costs

• SolutionRouted Access solution with Layer 3 routing capability in the wiring closet

• Net Multiplier EffectHalves network complexity and reduces network management burdenReduces new service implementation costs by 25%–30%Doubles bandwidth, eliminates congestion and improves security with minimal capital outlay

“Routed Access eases our management burden and makes it much easier to implement new projects.”

Darrin Gannaway,Senior Network Engineer


Investment Protection

• Maximize equipment you have today

• Supported in Catalyst wiring closet switches for EnterpriseCatalyst 3560 and 3750

Catalyst 4500

Catalyst 6500

• EIGRP stub included in Catalyst base image

• Existing protocols and management interfaces


Supporting SolutionRouted Access in the Catalyst Switching Portfolio

Catalyst 29xx

Catalyst 3750Catalyst 3560

Catalyst 4500Catalyst 6500

Catalyst Express 500

Catalyst 4500

Catalyst 6500

Small Medium-sized Large

Number of Employees/Density

Feat

ures

, Sca

labi

lity,

Lon

gevi

ty

Wiring Closet

Datacenter Access

Distribution/Core

Blade Switches

Catalyst4948

Catalyst 6500

Routed Access

Routed Access

Routed Access

Routed Access


SimplifiedOperations

IntegratedSecurity

DeterministicBusiness

Continuity

Cisco Catalyst SwitchingEnhanced Performance and Service Enablement

• Real-time troubleshooting and traffic monitoring

• Configuration automation

• Standardization on fewer protocols

• Intelligent power management

• Layer 2/3/4 traffic classification (QoS)

• Multicast for new applications

• Hardware-based wire-speed performance

• Perimeter defense

• Identity-based trust and identify management

• Pervasive security connectivity services

• Secure management

• Real-time recovery

• High-availability at the network equipment level

• High-availability at the network design level

• Resiliency at the network protocol level

Predictable Application

Performance


Cisco Is Your Partner for Delivering Intelligent Networks

• More than 1600 support engineers, 40 percent with CCIE® certification

• Average 15 years’ experience• 80 percent issues resolved online• Highest level of customer

satisfaction • Multiple awards for service• 30,000 Technical Assistance

Center(TAC) cases per month• 5000+ partners worldwide

deliver direct and subcontracted services for Cisco technology

• 1200+ partner-employed CCIEs


Routed Access Summary

• Real-time applications are driving network needs

VoIP, Video, Triple play networks, CRM and IM

• Network recovery and downtime are critical

Downtime is expensiveFive and Six 9s reliability

• Routing in the wiring closet deliversDecreased downtimePredictable recovery from failure“Less to get right”Fewer protocols to troubleshoot


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Education

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campus network c97

network phase

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multilayer network design

network needs voip

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