Modelling Natural Ventilation in IES-VE: Case studies & Research Outlook Daniel Coakley BE PhD CEM MIEI MEI Research Fellow, Integrated Environmental Solutions Ltd. Adjunct Lecturer, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG) Secretary, ASHRAE Ireland Technical Seminar: Ventilative Cooling & Overheating , April 20, CIT, Cork
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Modelling Natural Ventilation in IES-VE: Case studies & Research Outlook
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Modelling Natural Ventilation in IES-VE: Case studies & Research OutlookDaniel Coakley BE PhD CEM MIEI MEI Research Fellow, Integrated Environmental Solutions Ltd.Adjunct Lecturer, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG)Secretary, ASHRAE Ireland
Structure• Introduction to IES• Nat Vent Simulation in IES-VE• ASHRAE ‘Zero-Net Energy’ (ZNE) Challenge• Research outlook: Building Operations
IES Background• Founded 1994 with HQ in Glasgow;• Offices in UK, Ireland, USA, India;• Delivering sustainable solutions from building to city-scale;• Main software:
IES-VE SoftwareBuilding Performance Analysis Technology- Traditionally our focus was on creating
analysis tools for building design.- Our tools now encompass a bigger picture
of the built environment allowing for analysis on a bigger scale (e.g. city or community level) and at different building life stages.
- Understanding and analysing ‘real’ data at the Building Operation stage can drive actions which:
- Improve occupancy comfort.- Reduce energy use & CO2.- Reduce costs
IES SCAN / ERGON
ERGON - Import,manage and interrogatereal building data / schedules and use themin VE simulations.
IES-SCAN is a customisable web based portal and integrated data environment for operational data analysis complete with capability for energy forecasting, simulation
to the Virtual Environment, providing a mix of geometry and thermal data as per manufacturer specification
• Components fall into three distinct categories: – Object – placed within rooms (e.g. CFD heat source,
Monodraught CoolPhase)– Space – part of the building model geometry (e.g.
Windcatcher)– Panel – placed on a surface (e.g. ActiMass activated
concrete thermal mass)
ASHRAE NET-ZERO ENERGY CASE STUDYCredit to Liam Buckley (IES) and the ASHRAE IES ZNE Team
5,000 m2 (53,600 ft2), 3- storey commercial office:• Minimum window-to-wall ratio: 30%• Minimum Energy Code: ASHRAE 90.1-2010 • Maximum Site Energy Use Intensity (EUI): 0 • Occupants: 268
• Minimum ventilation: ASHRAE 62.1-2007 • Plug loads: 8 W/m2 (0.75 W/ft2) • Occupied Heating Setpoint: 21°C (70°F) • Occupied Cooling Setpoint: 24°C (75°F) • Data Centre Load: 6 kW • Elevators: 2 Elevators in Core of Building • Service Hot Water: 1 gallon/day/person • Utility Rates: US-EIA Flat rates • The use of one design tool
ASHRAE ZNE Challenge
Zero-Net Energy Design ModelThe Design Team’s Meetings
• Realistic design in a challenging climate• Boulder, Colorado• TMY15 (2000-2014)• -4° to 93°F [-20 to 34oC] ext. dry bulb• 6% to 100% ext. RH• Large diurnal swings (30°F)
Zero-Net Energy Design ModelEarly Baseline EUI Target
Zero-Net Energy Design Model60 Second Virtual Tour of The Final Architectural Design
Zero-Net Energy Design ModelSolar Shading & PV-T Optimization
• Limit Solar Gains in Summer• Maximize Solar Gains in Winter• Maximize PV-T Potential
Incident Solar Radiation:
Zero-Net Energy Design ModelRenewable Wind Energy
• Net Zero Goal – More Renewables!• Building shape funnels wind (+3ft/sec)
• Wind = power• PV-T Panels
• PV-T and waste heat combo• Payback <5 years
Predominant Westerly Winds
Zero-Net Energy Design ModelECM: Natural Ventilation and Adaptive Thermal Comfort
• Run Natural Ventilation simulations with operable windows/vents; overheating.• Relocate printer stations & coffee stations to north office areas. Re-evaluate.• Utilize summertime diurnal swing and night-purge.• Expose thermal mass of internal floors.
• No offices above 25°C for 5% of occupied time (104 hours/year).
• No offices above 27°C for 1% of occupied time (21 hours/year).
Zero-Net Energy Design Model
• Diurnal Swing ~ 30 degrees. • Summertime heating setpoints were relaxed to
(65°F/58°F) in cooling season. • Analysis of operative temperature:
ECM: Natural Ventilation and Adaptive Thermal Comfort
Outside Dry-Bulb Temperature (°F)
Effective Night Purge Control (11pm-3am)
PPD (%) Snapshot:
Zero-Net Energy Design ModelECM: Natural Ventilation and Adaptive Thermal Comfort
• Internal Operable Windows to Atrium• Atrium is Negatively Pressurized.
Daniel Coakley BE PhD CEM MIEI MEI Research Fellow, Integrated Environmental Solutions Ltd.Adjunct Lecturer, National University of Ireland GalwaySecretary, ASHRAE IrelandEmail: [email protected]: www.iesve.com